Alice Pell | Cornell University (original) (raw)

Papers by Alice Pell

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the nutritional value of four tropical grasses with two nitrogen fertilization levels

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluacion del valor nutricional de cuatro pastos tropicales recibiendo dos niveles de fertilizacion nitrogenada

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of estimates of herbage intake of lactating cows using alkanes: comparison of two types of capsules

Animal Feed Science and Technology, May 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Ruminal pH Fluctuations: Interactions Between Meal Frequency and Digestion Rate

Journal of Dairy Science, Oct 1, 1997

A steady periodic analysis of ruminal carbohydrate digestion was developed to predict the effects... more A steady periodic analysis of ruminal carbohydrate digestion was developed to predict the effects of diet and frequency of eating on ruminal pH fluctuation. Tests of the model against previous data showed that pH fluctuations were too large when previously published rates of carbohydrate digestion were used but were improved using rates from an in vitro gas production system, which were lower. With the original digestion rates, the minimum meal frequency to maintain steady-state conditions in the rumen increased from 4 to 12 meals/d as dietary effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 34 to 6% of dry matter (DM); with the revised rates, the minimum frequency was 3 to 6 meals/d, respectively. The minimum effective NDF to maintain a pH value above 6.0 increased from 14 to 23% of DM as meal frequency decreased from steady state to 2 meals/d using the original rates; with the revised rates, the minimum effective NDF was slightly smaller, increasing from 13 to 21% of DM, respectively. Effects of DM intake and body weight on pH fluctuation were minor, and dietary buffers, when used at rates less than 1%, did not reduce fluctuation. Different methods of calculating mean ruminal pH yielded different results for the effect of meal frequency on mean pH.

Research paper thumbnail of Using lmproved Pulse Crop Productivity to Reinvigorate Smallholder Mixed Farming Systems in Western Kenya Name(s), institutional affiliation and contact information of Lead U.S. Principal Investigator(s)

Research paper thumbnail of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Prediction and Heritability of Neutral Detergent-Soluble Fiber in Alfalfa

Crop Science, Sep 1, 1999

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting Ad Libitum Dry Matter Intake and Yields of Jersey Cows

Journal of Dairy Science, May 1, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic ruminal bacterium capable of degrading hydrolyzable tannins

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Sep 1, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting energy and protein supply and milk production of dairy cows consuming high forage rations in the central highlands of Kenya

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, Apr 1, 2007

Level 1 of the Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has not yet been used to... more Level 1 of the Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has not yet been used to predict animal performance on smallholder dairy farms in African conditions. Over 60% of the smallholder dairy cattle in sub-Saharan Africa are in the East African highlands. Although the level of production is low, dairy cattle contribute significantly to the livelihoods of rural families. If the model predictions reflect animal performance, the CNCPS model could be a useful tool to develop feeding strategies to enhance animal production. The objectives of our study were to: (1) evaluate the accuracy of the predictions of dry matter intake, milk production and phosphorus excretion of the CNCPS model for dairy cattle on smallholder farms; (2) predict nutrient requirements and supply of confined and lactating crossbred cows consuming high forage rations and (3) determine the variation in feed quality and milk production.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical and biological characterization of Mediterranean foods

BSAP Occasional Publication, 1998

The most extensively used methods to characterize and predict nutritive values of forages are fib... more The most extensively used methods to characterize and predict nutritive values of forages are fibre fractionation according to Van Soest (Van Soest et al., 1991), in situ degradability (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979) and gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988; Pell and Schofield, 1993). The aim of the present experiment was to establish whether these methods could be used to characterize Mediterranean foods.

Research paper thumbnail of The Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Evaluating Herd Nutrition and Nutrient Excretion

Research paper thumbnail of Issues and implications for livestock development policies in eastern and southern Africa

Empirical studies and reviews from eastern (Kenya) and southern (South Africa) Africa have been u... more Empirical studies and reviews from eastern (Kenya) and southern (South Africa) Africa have been used to construct a policy framework to guide livestock development in these two regions. Five overarching, integrated elements have been identified. These include food production and security, capacity strengthening for livestock research, livestock and the environment, health and genetics and marketing of livestock and livestock products. The framework that emerges is complex due to the dramatically increasing demand for livestock products and, as a result, the far-reaching changes in the structure of smallholder livestock production. This framework emphasises that many of the policy challenges remain pertinent and important. Significant progress has been made to address some of these challenges, but the fact remains that these macro-policy concerns need to be addressed. This translates into complex, multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral policy implications for governments, and increasingly, for the private sector

Research paper thumbnail of Movement of plastic pellets in the reticulo-rumen of cattle

Journal of Controlled Release, Nov 1, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Livestock development projects that make a difference: What works, what doesn't and why

... crops, often at the subsistence level, earning whatever off-farm income they can, while raisi... more ... crops, often at the subsistence level, earning whatever off-farm income they can, while raising a few chickens, sheep, goats, pigs or cattle. ... produced 1.5 tons/ year of firewood, which met 64% of the farmers' annual firewood requirements; integration of goats, in addition to ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of preservation method on the neutral detergent soluble fraction of forages

Journal of Animal Science, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Ensiling effects of the ethanol fractionation of forages using gas production

Journal of Animal Science, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of maturity on digestion kinetics of water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of alfalfa and brome hay

Journal of Animal Science, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of The development, use and application of the gas production technique at Cornell University, USA

BSAP Occasional Publication, 1998

Systems to measure gas production to study digestion kinetics have been developed at several loca... more Systems to measure gas production to study digestion kinetics have been developed at several locations. The system developed at Cornell University and the rationale behind its evolution are described with an emphasis on whether venting after each observation is necessary and on choice of sensors. Different non-linear-models used to fit gas production data are discussed with an emphasis on the dual-pool logistic model. The third section of the paper includes a theoretical discussion on how gas data can be integrated with data on passage to predict ruminal digestibility. The final section addresses the practical applications of these gas data and ways in which they can be used in models like the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system. Also included are evaluations of ensiled and freeze-dried samples from the same source as an indication of how gas systems can be used to evaluate the soluble fractions of forages.

Research paper thumbnail of A mechanistic model for predicting the nutrient requirements and feed biological values for sheep1

Journal of Animal Science, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Mastitis in Cows Treated with Sometribove (Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin) and Its Relationship to Milk Yield

Journal of Dairy Science, 1994

Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (91... more Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (914 cows) in Europe and the US and 70 short-term studies (2697 cows) in eight countries was investigated. In full lactation studies, sometribove (500 mg/2 wk) was given for 252 d, commencing 60 d postpartum. Although herds varied considerably, incidence of clinical mastitis within a herd was similar for cows receiving control and sometribove treatments. Relative risk analyses indicated no treatment effect, and percentage of mastitis during treatment was similar for control and sometribove groups. A positive linear relationship existed between peak milk yield and mastitis incidence (percentage of cows contracting mastitis or cases per 100 cow days); sometribove treatment did not alter this relationship. Increases in mastitis related to milk yield increase from sometribove or related to genetic selection were similar. When expressed per unit of milk, mastitis incidence declined slightly as milk yield increased; this relationship was not altered by sometribove. No effect on clinical mastitis was observed in 70 commercial herds utilizing sometribove for 84 d. However, effects were significant for stage of lactation and milk yield. Overall, studies represented a wide range of research and commercial situations demonstrating that sometribove had no effect on incidence of clinical mastitis during the lactation of treatment. Furthermore, sometribove did not alter typical relationships between milk yield or herd factors and incidence of clinical mastitis.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the nutritional value of four tropical grasses with two nitrogen fertilization levels

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluacion del valor nutricional de cuatro pastos tropicales recibiendo dos niveles de fertilizacion nitrogenada

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of estimates of herbage intake of lactating cows using alkanes: comparison of two types of capsules

Animal Feed Science and Technology, May 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Modeling Ruminal pH Fluctuations: Interactions Between Meal Frequency and Digestion Rate

Journal of Dairy Science, Oct 1, 1997

A steady periodic analysis of ruminal carbohydrate digestion was developed to predict the effects... more A steady periodic analysis of ruminal carbohydrate digestion was developed to predict the effects of diet and frequency of eating on ruminal pH fluctuation. Tests of the model against previous data showed that pH fluctuations were too large when previously published rates of carbohydrate digestion were used but were improved using rates from an in vitro gas production system, which were lower. With the original digestion rates, the minimum meal frequency to maintain steady-state conditions in the rumen increased from 4 to 12 meals/d as dietary effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased from 34 to 6% of dry matter (DM); with the revised rates, the minimum frequency was 3 to 6 meals/d, respectively. The minimum effective NDF to maintain a pH value above 6.0 increased from 14 to 23% of DM as meal frequency decreased from steady state to 2 meals/d using the original rates; with the revised rates, the minimum effective NDF was slightly smaller, increasing from 13 to 21% of DM, respectively. Effects of DM intake and body weight on pH fluctuation were minor, and dietary buffers, when used at rates less than 1%, did not reduce fluctuation. Different methods of calculating mean ruminal pH yielded different results for the effect of meal frequency on mean pH.

Research paper thumbnail of Using lmproved Pulse Crop Productivity to Reinvigorate Smallholder Mixed Farming Systems in Western Kenya Name(s), institutional affiliation and contact information of Lead U.S. Principal Investigator(s)

Research paper thumbnail of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Prediction and Heritability of Neutral Detergent-Soluble Fiber in Alfalfa

Crop Science, Sep 1, 1999

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting Ad Libitum Dry Matter Intake and Yields of Jersey Cows

Journal of Dairy Science, May 1, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic ruminal bacterium capable of degrading hydrolyzable tannins

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Sep 1, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting energy and protein supply and milk production of dairy cows consuming high forage rations in the central highlands of Kenya

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, Apr 1, 2007

Level 1 of the Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has not yet been used to... more Level 1 of the Cornell Net carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model has not yet been used to predict animal performance on smallholder dairy farms in African conditions. Over 60% of the smallholder dairy cattle in sub-Saharan Africa are in the East African highlands. Although the level of production is low, dairy cattle contribute significantly to the livelihoods of rural families. If the model predictions reflect animal performance, the CNCPS model could be a useful tool to develop feeding strategies to enhance animal production. The objectives of our study were to: (1) evaluate the accuracy of the predictions of dry matter intake, milk production and phosphorus excretion of the CNCPS model for dairy cattle on smallholder farms; (2) predict nutrient requirements and supply of confined and lactating crossbred cows consuming high forage rations and (3) determine the variation in feed quality and milk production.

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical and biological characterization of Mediterranean foods

BSAP Occasional Publication, 1998

The most extensively used methods to characterize and predict nutritive values of forages are fib... more The most extensively used methods to characterize and predict nutritive values of forages are fibre fractionation according to Van Soest (Van Soest et al., 1991), in situ degradability (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979) and gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988; Pell and Schofield, 1993). The aim of the present experiment was to establish whether these methods could be used to characterize Mediterranean foods.

Research paper thumbnail of The Net Carbohydrate and Protein System for Evaluating Herd Nutrition and Nutrient Excretion

Research paper thumbnail of Issues and implications for livestock development policies in eastern and southern Africa

Empirical studies and reviews from eastern (Kenya) and southern (South Africa) Africa have been u... more Empirical studies and reviews from eastern (Kenya) and southern (South Africa) Africa have been used to construct a policy framework to guide livestock development in these two regions. Five overarching, integrated elements have been identified. These include food production and security, capacity strengthening for livestock research, livestock and the environment, health and genetics and marketing of livestock and livestock products. The framework that emerges is complex due to the dramatically increasing demand for livestock products and, as a result, the far-reaching changes in the structure of smallholder livestock production. This framework emphasises that many of the policy challenges remain pertinent and important. Significant progress has been made to address some of these challenges, but the fact remains that these macro-policy concerns need to be addressed. This translates into complex, multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral policy implications for governments, and increasingly, for the private sector

Research paper thumbnail of Movement of plastic pellets in the reticulo-rumen of cattle

Journal of Controlled Release, Nov 1, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Livestock development projects that make a difference: What works, what doesn't and why

... crops, often at the subsistence level, earning whatever off-farm income they can, while raisi... more ... crops, often at the subsistence level, earning whatever off-farm income they can, while raising a few chickens, sheep, goats, pigs or cattle. ... produced 1.5 tons/ year of firewood, which met 64% of the farmers' annual firewood requirements; integration of goats, in addition to ...

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of preservation method on the neutral detergent soluble fraction of forages

Journal of Animal Science, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Ensiling effects of the ethanol fractionation of forages using gas production

Journal of Animal Science, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of maturity on digestion kinetics of water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of alfalfa and brome hay

Journal of Animal Science, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of The development, use and application of the gas production technique at Cornell University, USA

BSAP Occasional Publication, 1998

Systems to measure gas production to study digestion kinetics have been developed at several loca... more Systems to measure gas production to study digestion kinetics have been developed at several locations. The system developed at Cornell University and the rationale behind its evolution are described with an emphasis on whether venting after each observation is necessary and on choice of sensors. Different non-linear-models used to fit gas production data are discussed with an emphasis on the dual-pool logistic model. The third section of the paper includes a theoretical discussion on how gas data can be integrated with data on passage to predict ruminal digestibility. The final section addresses the practical applications of these gas data and ways in which they can be used in models like the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system. Also included are evaluations of ensiled and freeze-dried samples from the same source as an indication of how gas systems can be used to evaluate the soluble fractions of forages.

Research paper thumbnail of A mechanistic model for predicting the nutrient requirements and feed biological values for sheep1

Journal of Animal Science, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Mastitis in Cows Treated with Sometribove (Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin) and Its Relationship to Milk Yield

Journal of Dairy Science, 1994

Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (91... more Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (914 cows) in Europe and the US and 70 short-term studies (2697 cows) in eight countries was investigated. In full lactation studies, sometribove (500 mg/2 wk) was given for 252 d, commencing 60 d postpartum. Although herds varied considerably, incidence of clinical mastitis within a herd was similar for cows receiving control and sometribove treatments. Relative risk analyses indicated no treatment effect, and percentage of mastitis during treatment was similar for control and sometribove groups. A positive linear relationship existed between peak milk yield and mastitis incidence (percentage of cows contracting mastitis or cases per 100 cow days); sometribove treatment did not alter this relationship. Increases in mastitis related to milk yield increase from sometribove or related to genetic selection were similar. When expressed per unit of milk, mastitis incidence declined slightly as milk yield increased; this relationship was not altered by sometribove. No effect on clinical mastitis was observed in 70 commercial herds utilizing sometribove for 84 d. However, effects were significant for stage of lactation and milk yield. Overall, studies represented a wide range of research and commercial situations demonstrating that sometribove had no effect on incidence of clinical mastitis during the lactation of treatment. Furthermore, sometribove did not alter typical relationships between milk yield or herd factors and incidence of clinical mastitis.