Julia Jong Haines | Cornell University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Julia Jong Haines
Journal of African diaspora archaeology and heritage, May 4, 2018
The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations i... more The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations in physical and social landscapes under the coercive labor regimes of slavery and indenture, and twentieth-century colonial and post-colonial environmental projects. This article considers the regional and domestic spatial practices in the Bras d'Eau site that, over the course of three centuries, transitioned from farm, to sugar plantation, to forestry crown lands, to national park. Archaeological analysis and archival documentation show that the material traces of each phase of occupation are layered in Bras d'Eau's landscape like a palimpsest. The built infrastructure of the estate facilitated movement and access to broader island resources essential to later sugar production, but the organization of the estate was also embedded within emerging everyday Mauritian expressions of agency, health, and environment. Today, ancient roads, village ruins, and the forest together form a heritage of environmental and cultural preservation and loss.
Azania:archaeological Research in Africa, Oct 1, 2020
This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focu... more This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focusing on the daily lives of indentured labourers during the nineteenth century. Bras d'Eau National Park was a sugar estate that functioned from 1786 to 1868. During the 1830s, colonial landowners shifted from a reliance on enslaved labourers, who came primarily from Mozambique and Madagascar, to indentured labourers primarily originating in South Asia. Four hundred and fifty thousand men, women and children travelled to Mauritius to live and work on sugar estates. Household excavations were conducted in the detached houses and line barracks that make up the plantation domestic quarter. Domestic artefacts from these village spaces, such as South Asian smoking pipes, glass bangle fragments, buttons from secondhand British military uniforms, cowrie shells, rice bowls and traces of a diet based on pulses-and-rice suggest a persistence in South Asian cultural practices while also demonstrating a creative engagement with material culture from across the region. Grounded in comparative plantation archaeology, this study of the landscape and material culture at Bras d'Eau represents one of the first full investigations of nineteenth-century indentured men, women and children's daily practices. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une étude de cas d'une plantation d'Afrique et de l'Océan indien, située à l'île Maurice, se concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des travailleurs sous contrat au dix-neuvième siècle. Le parc national de Bras d'Eau a été une sucrière qui fonctionna entre 1786 et 1868. Au cours des années 1830, les propriétaires coloniaux effectuèrent une transition: d'une dépendence sur les mains-d'oeuvre d'esclaves venant principalement du Mozambique et de Madagascar, ils se tournèrent vers les travailleurs engagés venant surtout d'Asie du Sud. Quatre cent cinquante mille hommes, femmes, et enfants se rendirent à l'île Maurice pour vivre et travailler sur les plantation sucrières. Des fouilles archéologiques dans les maisons individuelles et les casernes de ligne qui constituaient les quartiers domestiques de la plantation ont été effectuées. Les objets domestiques quotidiens de ces espaces villageois, tels que des pipes à fumer d'Asie du Sud, des fragments de bracelet de verre, des boutons d'uniformes ARTICLE HISTORY
Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2020
This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focu... more This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focusing on the daily lives of indentured labourers during the nineteenth century. Bras d'Eau National Park was a sugar estate that functioned from 1786 to 1868. During the 1830s, colonial landowners shifted from a reliance on enslaved labourers, who came primarily from Mozambique and Madagascar, to indentured labourers primarily originating in South Asia. Four hundred and fifty thousand men, women and children travelled to Mauritius to live and work on sugar estates. Household excavations were conducted in the detached houses and line barracks that make up the plantation domestic quarter. Domestic artefacts from these village spaces, such as South Asian smoking pipes, glass bangle fragments, buttons from secondhand British military uniforms, cowrie shells, rice bowls and traces of a diet based on pulses-and-rice suggest a persistence in South Asian cultural practices while also demonstrating a creative engagement with material culture from across the region. Grounded in comparative plantation archaeology, this study of the landscape and material culture at Bras d'Eau represents one of the first full investigations of nineteenth-century indentured men, women and children's daily practices. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une étude de cas d'une plantation d'Afrique et de l'Océan indien, située à l'île Maurice, se concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des travailleurs sous contrat au dix-neuvième siècle. Le parc national de Bras d'Eau a été une sucrière qui fonctionna entre 1786 et 1868. Au cours des années 1830, les propriétaires coloniaux effectuèrent une transition: d'une dépendence sur les mains-d'oeuvre d'esclaves venant principalement du Mozambique et de Madagascar, ils se tournèrent vers les travailleurs engagés venant surtout d'Asie du Sud. Quatre cent cinquante mille hommes, femmes, et enfants se rendirent à l'île Maurice pour vivre et travailler sur les plantation sucrières. Des fouilles archéologiques dans les maisons individuelles et les casernes de ligne qui constituaient les quartiers domestiques de la plantation ont été effectuées. Les objets domestiques quotidiens de ces espaces villageois, tels que des pipes à fumer d'Asie du Sud, des fragments de bracelet de verre, des boutons d'uniformes ARTICLE HISTORY
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 2018
The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations i... more The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations in physical and social landscapes under the coercive labor regimes of slavery and indenture, and twentieth-century colonial and post-colonial environmental projects. This article considers the regional and domestic spatial practices in the Bras d'Eau site that, over the course of three centuries, transitioned from farm, to sugar plantation, to forestry crown lands, to national park. Archaeological analysis and archival documentation show that the material traces of each phase of occupation are layered in Bras d'Eau's landscape like a palimpsest. The built infrastructure of the estate facilitated movement and access to broader island resources essential to later sugar production, but the organization of the estate was also embedded within emerging everyday Mauritian expressions of agency, health, and environment. Today, ancient roads, village ruins, and the forest together form a heritage of environmental and cultural preservation and loss.
International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 2021
In this study I trace the historical political ecology of Bras d'Eau, a nineteenth-century coloni... more In this study I trace the historical political ecology of Bras d'Eau, a nineteenth-century colonial sugar estate, twentieth-century forest plantation, and contemporary National Park in Mauritius. Via archaeological studies, documentary records, reconstruction of ecological landscapes, and ethnographic interviews, the study shows how environmental and climatic ideologies, structures of power and inequality, and community values intersected to produce the built environment of today's National Park. Despite massive deforestation and degradation caused by colonial and postcolonial ecological strategies, newly formed forest reserves have become integral to island and community resilience.
Journal of African diaspora archaeology and heritage, May 4, 2018
The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations i... more The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations in physical and social landscapes under the coercive labor regimes of slavery and indenture, and twentieth-century colonial and post-colonial environmental projects. This article considers the regional and domestic spatial practices in the Bras d'Eau site that, over the course of three centuries, transitioned from farm, to sugar plantation, to forestry crown lands, to national park. Archaeological analysis and archival documentation show that the material traces of each phase of occupation are layered in Bras d'Eau's landscape like a palimpsest. The built infrastructure of the estate facilitated movement and access to broader island resources essential to later sugar production, but the organization of the estate was also embedded within emerging everyday Mauritian expressions of agency, health, and environment. Today, ancient roads, village ruins, and the forest together form a heritage of environmental and cultural preservation and loss.
Azania:archaeological Research in Africa, Oct 1, 2020
This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focu... more This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focusing on the daily lives of indentured labourers during the nineteenth century. Bras d'Eau National Park was a sugar estate that functioned from 1786 to 1868. During the 1830s, colonial landowners shifted from a reliance on enslaved labourers, who came primarily from Mozambique and Madagascar, to indentured labourers primarily originating in South Asia. Four hundred and fifty thousand men, women and children travelled to Mauritius to live and work on sugar estates. Household excavations were conducted in the detached houses and line barracks that make up the plantation domestic quarter. Domestic artefacts from these village spaces, such as South Asian smoking pipes, glass bangle fragments, buttons from secondhand British military uniforms, cowrie shells, rice bowls and traces of a diet based on pulses-and-rice suggest a persistence in South Asian cultural practices while also demonstrating a creative engagement with material culture from across the region. Grounded in comparative plantation archaeology, this study of the landscape and material culture at Bras d'Eau represents one of the first full investigations of nineteenth-century indentured men, women and children's daily practices. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une étude de cas d'une plantation d'Afrique et de l'Océan indien, située à l'île Maurice, se concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des travailleurs sous contrat au dix-neuvième siècle. Le parc national de Bras d'Eau a été une sucrière qui fonctionna entre 1786 et 1868. Au cours des années 1830, les propriétaires coloniaux effectuèrent une transition: d'une dépendence sur les mains-d'oeuvre d'esclaves venant principalement du Mozambique et de Madagascar, ils se tournèrent vers les travailleurs engagés venant surtout d'Asie du Sud. Quatre cent cinquante mille hommes, femmes, et enfants se rendirent à l'île Maurice pour vivre et travailler sur les plantation sucrières. Des fouilles archéologiques dans les maisons individuelles et les casernes de ligne qui constituaient les quartiers domestiques de la plantation ont été effectuées. Les objets domestiques quotidiens de ces espaces villageois, tels que des pipes à fumer d'Asie du Sud, des fragments de bracelet de verre, des boutons d'uniformes ARTICLE HISTORY
Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2020
This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focu... more This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focusing on the daily lives of indentured labourers during the nineteenth century. Bras d'Eau National Park was a sugar estate that functioned from 1786 to 1868. During the 1830s, colonial landowners shifted from a reliance on enslaved labourers, who came primarily from Mozambique and Madagascar, to indentured labourers primarily originating in South Asia. Four hundred and fifty thousand men, women and children travelled to Mauritius to live and work on sugar estates. Household excavations were conducted in the detached houses and line barracks that make up the plantation domestic quarter. Domestic artefacts from these village spaces, such as South Asian smoking pipes, glass bangle fragments, buttons from secondhand British military uniforms, cowrie shells, rice bowls and traces of a diet based on pulses-and-rice suggest a persistence in South Asian cultural practices while also demonstrating a creative engagement with material culture from across the region. Grounded in comparative plantation archaeology, this study of the landscape and material culture at Bras d'Eau represents one of the first full investigations of nineteenth-century indentured men, women and children's daily practices. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente une étude de cas d'une plantation d'Afrique et de l'Océan indien, située à l'île Maurice, se concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des travailleurs sous contrat au dix-neuvième siècle. Le parc national de Bras d'Eau a été une sucrière qui fonctionna entre 1786 et 1868. Au cours des années 1830, les propriétaires coloniaux effectuèrent une transition: d'une dépendence sur les mains-d'oeuvre d'esclaves venant principalement du Mozambique et de Madagascar, ils se tournèrent vers les travailleurs engagés venant surtout d'Asie du Sud. Quatre cent cinquante mille hommes, femmes, et enfants se rendirent à l'île Maurice pour vivre et travailler sur les plantation sucrières. Des fouilles archéologiques dans les maisons individuelles et les casernes de ligne qui constituaient les quartiers domestiques de la plantation ont été effectuées. Les objets domestiques quotidiens de ces espaces villageois, tels que des pipes à fumer d'Asie du Sud, des fragments de bracelet de verre, des boutons d'uniformes ARTICLE HISTORY
Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 2018
The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations i... more The archaeology of Bras d'Eau National Park, Mauritius provides a case study of transformations in physical and social landscapes under the coercive labor regimes of slavery and indenture, and twentieth-century colonial and post-colonial environmental projects. This article considers the regional and domestic spatial practices in the Bras d'Eau site that, over the course of three centuries, transitioned from farm, to sugar plantation, to forestry crown lands, to national park. Archaeological analysis and archival documentation show that the material traces of each phase of occupation are layered in Bras d'Eau's landscape like a palimpsest. The built infrastructure of the estate facilitated movement and access to broader island resources essential to later sugar production, but the organization of the estate was also embedded within emerging everyday Mauritian expressions of agency, health, and environment. Today, ancient roads, village ruins, and the forest together form a heritage of environmental and cultural preservation and loss.
International Journal of Historical Archaeology, 2021
In this study I trace the historical political ecology of Bras d'Eau, a nineteenth-century coloni... more In this study I trace the historical political ecology of Bras d'Eau, a nineteenth-century colonial sugar estate, twentieth-century forest plantation, and contemporary National Park in Mauritius. Via archaeological studies, documentary records, reconstruction of ecological landscapes, and ethnographic interviews, the study shows how environmental and climatic ideologies, structures of power and inequality, and community values intersected to produce the built environment of today's National Park. Despite massive deforestation and degradation caused by colonial and postcolonial ecological strategies, newly formed forest reserves have become integral to island and community resilience.