Bosede Ngozi ADELEYE | Covenant University Canaanland, Ota. (original) (raw)

Papers by Bosede Ngozi ADELEYE

This study aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals- 3 which aim to “ens... more This study aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals- 3 which aim to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. It contributes to the nascent literature stream on energy-health dynamics by introducing a holistic theoretical model to empirically examine the mediation effect of carbon emissions on the relationship between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates. Using an unbalanced panel data on 42 Asia and the Pacific countries from 2005 to 2015 and deploying the structural equation modeling approach, the empirical results are surmised as follows: (i) in regard to the full sample of countries, nonrenewable energy indirectly increases infant mortality rates through increasing carbon emissions. In other words, carbon emissions play a partial mediation role between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates; and (ii) for the different income groups, carbon emissions show varying mediation effects. For example, the mediation effe...

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021

This paper situates the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 8, and 13 to ... more This paper situates the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 8, and 13 to investigate the growth-energy-emissions trilemma. It uniquely contributes to the discourse by using carbon emissions per capita (emissions), GDP per capita (economic growth), energy use per capita (nonrenewable energy) and renewable energy from seven South Asian countries covering 1990 to 2019 to determine the effect of economic growth and energy use on emissions and if its interaction with either energy variant enhances or dims the effect of energy on emissions. Consistent findings from panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and bootstrapping ordinary least squares (BOLS) reveal that: (1) Economic growth intensifies emissions, (2) renewable energy exhibit emissions-reducing properties; (3) nonrenewable energy intensifies emissions, (4) economic growth sustains the emissions-reducing impact of renewable energy; and (5) economic growth diminishes the harmful effect of nonrenewable energy. Given these, we submit that the interaction of economic growth enables the "good" effect of renewable energy. At the same time, it reduces the "bad" effect nonrenewable energy on carbon emissions. These outcomes engender a new line of argument that the extent of economic growth cuts carbon emissions level. Therefore, economic growth is an essential determinant of carbon emissions. Policy implications discussed.

We investigate the drivers of credit union penetration with data from 90 countries for the period... more We investigate the drivers of credit union penetration with data from 90 countries for the period 2005-2017. Generally, the results show that the number of credit unions, the level of financial development of a country, the level of industrialization of a country, and the institutional environment are significantly supportive of credit union penetration. We conclude that the elimination of restrictions on the formation of credit unions (if any), the adoption of industrialization as development path, the implementation of sound monetary and fiscal policies that promote financial development, and the pursuit of good public governance are crucial for credit union penetration.

Climate change alters the impact of the environment on economies, and sustainable adaptation whic... more Climate change alters the impact of the environment on economies, and sustainable adaptation which may improve food security is embedded in the actualization of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 13, and 14. Hence, this study contributes to the debate by measuring how farmers in the Northwestern region of Bangladesh adapt to climate change. A cross-sectional multistage random sampling is used to collect 500 data points by the face-to-face interview method. For robustness, the study demonstrates climate change adaptations, adaptation indices, and the sustainability indicators in social, economic, and environmental concepts using the composite indicator method. Also, Rasch analysis and marginal contribution were used to explain the adaptation indices. Finally, a trivariate Tobit regression is used to examine sustainability analyses of climate change adaptation strategies and explain how the climate change adaptations affect different dimensions of sustainability. The results showed that dominant male households, extended family, skilled farmers and food security influenced adaptation index as well as adaptation strategies like organic manure, changing planting dates, diseases tolerant varieties and irrigation. Though, most dominant strategies like irrigation and applying fertilizer are not sustainable. The study also found that farm size, credit access, and extension contact significantly affects sustainability. Moreover, off-farm activities, crop diversification, and using high-yield varieties are more sustainable adaptation strategies. Policy should be implemented on the basis of region and sustainable manner.

International Journal of Food Science

The study examines the nexus between household ICT utilization and food security in Nigeria, whic... more The study examines the nexus between household ICT utilization and food security in Nigeria, which supports goal 2 of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aims to “end hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.” The study employs the logit regression to wave 4 of Living Standard Measurement Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS) data for the empirical analysis. Based on the analysis, the study finds that for male household, ICT utilization has a statistically significant and positive nexus with food security. In contrast, for the female households, an insignificant and, however, negative nexus is observed with food security in Nigeria. Furthermore, the findings show that for male household users, a 1 percent increase in male household ICT utilization spurs about 0.68 percent increase in food security in Nigeria. The findings imply that among the male and female household ICT users, the male household ICT utilization is sign...

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

This study models the volatility of returns for selected agricultural commodity prices in Ethiopi... more This study models the volatility of returns for selected agricultural commodity prices in Ethiopia using the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) approach. GARCH family models, specifically threshold GARCH and exponential GARCH were employed to analyze the time varying volatility of selected agricultural commodities prices from 2010 to 2021. The data analysis results revealed that, out of the GARCH specifications, the EGARCH model with the normal distributional assumption of residuals was a better fit model for the price volatility of “teff” and “red pepper” in which their return series reacted differently to the “good” and “bad” news. The study indicated the existence of a leverage effect, which implied that the “bad” news could have a larger effect on volatility than the “good” news of the same magnitude, and the asymmetric term was statistically significant.

PLOS ONE

This study contributes towards the realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 which aim... more This study contributes towards the realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 which aims “take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts” by investigating the role of per capita income in moderating the impact of energy use on carbon emissions. Using data from 28 selected African countries covering 1990 to 2019 and deploying the FGLS, PCSE, and MM-QR techniques, findings reveal, among others, that: at the 1% significance level, a percentage change in energy use leads to between 0.60% and 0.70% increase in carbon emissions, on average, ceteris paribus. Correspondingly, income shows to be a positive driver of emissions contributing between 0.87% and 0.84% percentage increase, on average, ceteris paribus. Also, per capita income attenuates the impact of energy use on emissions by between -0.27% and -0.23%, on average, ceteris paribus. However, significant heterogeneities occur across the sub-regions. Specifically, Southern Africa shows the largest energy contribu...

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

The radioactivity levels were measured using a hand-held gamma-ray survey meter and NaI (Tl) base... more The radioactivity levels were measured using a hand-held gamma-ray survey meter and NaI (Tl) based gamma spectroscopy to evaluate the seasonal variation of radioactivity levels in the riverine area of Ado-Odo Ota. The measured iso-dose map reported higher gamma dose rate of 79 nGy/h, approximately 34% higher than the world average of 59 nGy/h. The values for U-238, Th-232 and K-40 activity levels ranged between 29.9 and 21.6; 103.2 and 31.2; 802.2 and 233.5 with mean values of 26.1, 55.6 and 499.3 Bq/kg, respectively. According to the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles of the probabilities using the Monte Carlo simulation, the Radium equivalent activities and the absorbed dose rates are within their respective recommended limits of 370 Bq/kg and 84 nGy/h. This study could be used to monitor dose rates and radiological risks for the areas covering the small area (Ado-Odo Ota) to the larger area (West African Region) as baseline data.

Journal of Applied Economics

The nexus between corporate disclosure and credit market development as well as whether the nexus... more The nexus between corporate disclosure and credit market development as well as whether the nexus is sensitive to the income classification of countries is not well delineated in the empirical literature. The objective of this paper is to interrogate these issues. In addressing these important issues, we rely on a panel of 122 countries and deploy a battery of econometric techniques. Generally, we find that corporate disclosure promotes credit market development. The results from the analysis of subsamples suggest that the effect of corporate disclosure on credit market development is sensitive to creditor rights protection and the income status of a country. In particular, there is evidence that the interaction between corporate disclosure and creditor rights protection significantly benefits the credit markets only in upper-middle-income countries.

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of various forms of capital flows on financial stab... more Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of various forms of capital flows on financial stability in middle-income countries from 2010 to 2017 using the World Bank economy classifications of 121 economies. Design/methodology/approach Panel spatial correlation consistent approach was used in this study. Findings The findings provide convincing evidence that in middle-income countries, capital flows are positive and significant predictors of financial stability and that financial systems in advanced economies are more stable than those of emerging and developing countries. However, outward foreign direct investments are shown to have the largest potential for ensuring financial stability. Originality/value Globalization has fostered financial integration of nations, which is manifested in capital flows from lower-income countries to middle-income and upper-income countries and vice versa. These flows can lead to financial instability if not properly controlled. The authors show h...

Studies of Applied Economics

Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 agenda, this paper undertakes a structura... more Aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 agenda, this paper undertakes a structural break analysis on the effects of financial deepening on income inequality in Nigeria using annual data from 1980 to 2015 and error correction approach within the framework of the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) model. Major findings are as follows: (1) in the long-run, financial deepening and per capita income have equalising impact on income inequality; (2) an equalising effect of financial deepening is observed at the turn of a break point; (3) surprisingly, in the short-run, financial deepening aggravates inequality, and (4) the equalising effects of these variables are robust to the choice of financial deepening variables, the different structural break points and model specifications. These results suggest that income inequality depends on financial deepening and per capita income and that not controlling for structural breaks may lead to wrong inferences when making decisi...

Studies of Applied Economics

This study aligns with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, and 13 to evaluate the ca... more This study aligns with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, and 13 to evaluate the causal relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in Ghana from 1960 to 2018. Using a battery of econometric techniques, findings indicate, among others, that economic growth is a positive predictor of carbon emissions. Inferences from these estimations point to a growth-led emissions nexus in Ghana. The causal analysis further provides evidence, though weak, that economic growth Granger-cause carbon emissions. Hence, policymakers should encourage coal gasification in Ghana, offering better environmental benefits at a lower cost to address the atmospheric build-up of carbon dioxide.

Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship

Asian Economic and Financial Review

Journal of Asian and African Studies

This paper empirically investigated the trade competitiveness and trade potential of Pakistan and... more This paper empirically investigated the trade competitiveness and trade potential of Pakistan and ASEAN countries in the Chinese market. The study utilizes trade data for the period of 2003–2019 to assess the bilateral trade aspects by using an extended gravity equation. In addition, the PPML model and constant market share analysis are applied to examine trade potential and competitiveness, respectively. Market size, distance, trade openness, revealed comparative advantage position and common border play an important role in bilateral trade of Pakistan and ASEAN with China, and coefficients of all these variables comply with the economic theory and are statistically significant. Pakistan along with Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, and Thailand has great trade potential in the Chinese market. Particularly Cambodia and Vietnam are enjoying the highest competitive advantage as compared to other ASEAN countries. Pakistan’s export performance in China’s market relies on the...

Current Issues in Tourism

Academy of management journal, 1988

... Thus, their interpretation and evaluation of social re-sponsibility may differ from those of ... more ... Thus, their interpretation and evaluation of social re-sponsibility may differ from those of others who are specifically interested in the issue. Wartick (1987), however, found the Fortune ratingsto be associ-ated with membership in the Issues Management Association, which sug-...

Scientific Reports

This study revisits the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 which aims to “e... more This study revisits the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 which aims to “end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture” by highlighting the impact of environmental degradation (proxied by carbon emissions) and non-renewable energy on agro-productivity in Nigeria. Using annual time series data from 1980 to 2018, the study engages the Johansen cointegration and impulse response functions (IRFs) techniques within the vector autoregressive (VAR) framework. Evidence reveals that carbon emissions significantly reduce agro-productivity by 0.23% while non-renewable energy boosts agro-productivity by 5.38%, on average, ceteris paribus. Other results reveal that domestic credit, rural population and arable land exert asymmetric effects. These outcomes are consistent and align with a priori expectations. Policy recommendations are discussed.

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021

International Journal of Food Science

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

PLOS ONE

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

Journal of Applied Economics

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance

Studies of Applied Economics

Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship

Asian Economic and Financial Review

Journal of Asian and African Studies

Current Issues in Tourism

Academy of management journal, 1988

Scientific Reports

Covenant University (Nigeria), PhD Thesis, 2018

Income inequality stalls economic growth with undesirable socio-economic consequences. Despite me... more Income inequality stalls economic growth with undesirable socio-economic consequences. Despite measures targeted towards reducing the inequality gap, disparities in income distribution persist. The link between financial reforms and income inequality is still relatively unexplored in the literature. This study appraises the impact of financial reforms including credit growth on income inequality using a sample of twenty selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1980 to 2015. The broad objective is to assess the financial reforms and credit growth nexus on income inequality and establish if the reform-credit-inequality nexus exists. To achieve this, the analytical structure is designed to (1) observe the state of the financial system after the reform, (2) evaluate if credit growth is stimulated by financial reforms and (3) if credit growth has an equalising effect on income inequality. This analytical approach (general-to-specific) is conducted on the broad sample, the four sub-regions (Central, East, Southern and West Africa) and four representative countries (Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa). Five estimation techniques pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE), dynamic fixed effects (DFE), system generalised method of moments (sys-GMM) and error correction model (ECM)) are used in evaluating these interactive relationships. In line with the theoretical and empirical literature, the real interest rate, deposit rate, domestic credit to the private sector and the Gini index are the respective proxies for financial reforms, credit growth and income inequality. For the broad sample, findings reveal that financial reforms exhibit an indirect relationship with income inequality. For instance, from the FE results, a percentage point change in the real interest rate is associated with 0.9% increase in credit growth, and a percentage change in credit growth is associated with 0.045% decrease in income inequality, on average, ceteris paribus. Similarly, results from DFE show that a percentage change in credit growth is associated with 0.062% decrease in income inequality, on the average. Results across the four regions vary. Credit growth reduces inequality significantly in Southern Africa by 0.207% while it aggravates inequality in East Africa by 0.036%. For Cameroon, Nigeria and South Africa, credit growth exhibits equalising impact on income while the reverse is the case in Kenya. Hence, contribution is made to the literature by providing evidence that the reform-credit-inequality nexus exists in addition to validating both the McKinnon-Shaw (1973) hypothesis that at a higher interest rate, financial intermediation improves. Results also validate the extensive margin theory of Greenwood and Jovanovich (1990) that as credit is extended and made available to those initially excluded income inequality reduces. Another contribution made to the scholarship methodology is empirically unbundling the effect of financial reforms on income inequality. Given these findings, one of the recommendations is that financial reforms policies that drive financial intermediation be pursued by stakeholders as these will indirectly lead to a reduction in income inequality. In other words, the ability to stimulate credit growth may be one of the avenues to reducing the income inequality gap in SSA and in developing economies in general.

University of Sussex (UK), MSc Thesis, 2014

The goal of this thesis is to study the determinants of income inequality and to establish the re... more The goal of this thesis is to study the determinants of income inequality and to establish the relationship between income inequality and crime (which in this dissertation is limited to homicide rates per 100,000 population). Theoretical expectations on the relationship between income inequality and homicide rates are very strong and so are the empirical findings. A panel dataset covering 137 countries from 2000 – 2012 and four econometric methodologies – OLS, fixed effects, 2-stage fixed effects and 2-step difference GMM – are adopted to test for the determinants of income inequality, the link between inequality and homicide rate and to test for criminal inertia in the data. On the determinants of income inequality, I find evidence that income inequality is strongly associated with GDP per capita, the rule of law index, secondary education and unemployment rate. Although, this was not the focus of this research, it is important to state here that amongst other determinants of income inequality, the significance of the rule of law index was constant and consistent in all the different methodologies used. On the relationship between income inequality and homicide rate, I find Gini index to be a strong determinant of homicide rate. Empirical results find that the death penalty is not a crime deterring factor but rather that with good governance, the rate of homicide can be greatly reduced both in the short-run and long-run. Also, not surprising is the fact that factors determining income inequality also determine homicide rates. The results of my dynamic model support the hypothesis that criminal inertia is important in the study of crime rates as the lagged homicide rate is positively associated with the homicide rate. On the basis of my work, it seems clear that other factors determining income inequality and homicide rates should, whenever possible, be studied separately.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science , 2021

Carbon emissions (C02) from manufacturing companies contribute significantly to the volume of atm... more Carbon emissions (C02) from manufacturing companies contribute significantly to the volume of atmospheric Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) that trigger climate change. Mitigating climate change has become necessary because of the effects it has on social, economic and environmental outcomes. The minutest action taken against climate
change can reduce its devastating impacts. Hence, this study assesses the strategies used by manufacturing companies in mitigating climate change. The study location is Ota, Nigeria. In this paper, a quantitative research approach was adopted with questionnaires distributed to participants at a climate change workshop, which is analysed using statistical techniques. The results show, among others, that all the respondents are aware of climate change and the most common source of climate change knowledge is the mass media. Moreover, most of
the respondents describe climate change as a rise in global temperatures. Waste reduction, waste recycling, and waste reuse are the most common climate change mitigation strategies adopted by the manufacturing companies. Other mitigation strategies include: use of energy-saving bulbs in offices and factories and switching off
electrical appliances when not in use. Although the findings indicate that the manufacturing companies are taking some steps to mitigate climate change, a lot still has to be done in reducing carbon emission levels,
particularly during the manufacturing process. It is also essential that manufacturers use renewable energy sources as alternative power instead of diesel generators so that the volume of atmospheric carbon in the region can be reduced considerably. The role of government in driving emission reduction is also emphasised. The study provides baseline data that can be used in the development and implementation of policies on regional climate change mitigation strategies.