Andrew Summers | Central Queensland University (original) (raw)

Papers by Andrew Summers

HAND, 2020

Background: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric upper extremity injury sec... more Background: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric upper extremity injury secondary to nonballistic firearms in the United States. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance Survey (NEISS) database was queried between 2000 and 2017 for injuries to the upper extremity from nonballistic firearms in patients aged ≤18 years. In total, 1502 unique cases were identified. Using input parameters intrinsic to the NEISS database, national weighted estimates were derived using Stata/IC 15.1 statistical software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas), which yielded an estimate of 52 118 cases of nonballistic firearm trauma to the upper extremity who presented to US emergency departments over the study period. Descriptive statistics were performed using NEISS parameters. Results: An average of 2895 annual pediatric upper extremity nonballistic firearm injuries were identified between 2000 and 2017. Over 91% were sustained by men, and adolescents aged 12 to 18 were ...

IEE Colloquium on `Design Integration People Co-operating Across the Professions', 1995

Journal of Paramedic Practice, 2010

It would seem hard to imagine how you could draw a comparison between a commercial airline pilot ... more It would seem hard to imagine how you could draw a comparison between a commercial airline pilot struggling to land a stricken plane in a storm and a paramedic fighting to save the life of a patient in cardiac arrest. Although very different circumstances, they both have one thing in common: that is, they are both vulnerable to a condition known as ‘the human factor’. Examples of where Human Factors (HFs) exist within the prehospital profession can be various, common examples are environmental distractions e.g. noise from bystanders, mobile phones, machines, or more simply caused by lack of sleep and inadequate nourishment. This article discusses human factors within the prehospital environment and will highlight the benefits of being able to recognize and act upon them, with a specific focus upon the impact they can have on the ambulance practitioner operating in the field. It discusses human factors training and recognizes the role of crew resource management (CRM) and its importa...

English Law: Business (Topic), 2018

This article examines mitigation and the causation of benefits in the assessment of damages for b... more This article examines mitigation and the causation of benefits in the assessment of damages for breach of contract, following the UK Supreme Court’s decision in The New Flamenco [2017] UKSC 43. It clarifies the meaning and scope of “speculation” reasoning, according to which a benefit (or harm) is said to be ignored in the assessment of damages where it derived from a “commercial risk” undertaken by the claimant. The authors argue that speculation reasoning properly applies where the claimant made a choice not to take steps that would have put it as nearly as possible in the same position as if the contract had been performed. They conclude that the correctness of the decision in The New Flamenco thus turns on whether the shipowners had such a choice, for example, to rehire the vessel under a series of shorter charters, instead of putting it up for sale.

This book is the third in a series of essay collections on defences in private law. It addresses ... more This book is the third in a series of essay collections on defences in private law. It addresses defences to liability arising in contract. The essays range from those adopting a predominantly black-letter approach to others that examine the law from a more theoretical or historical perspective. Some essays focus on individual defences, while others are concerned with the links between defences, or with how defences relate to the structure of contract law generally. One goal of the book is to determine what light can be shed on contract law doctrines by analysing them through the lens of defences. The contributors – judges and academics – are all leading jurists. The essays are addressed to all of the major common law jurisdictions.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine the self-assembly of anisotropic... more In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine the self-assembly of anisotropically coated "patchy" nanoparticles. Specifically, we use a coarse-grained model to examine silica nanoparticles coated with alkane chains, where the poles of the grafted nanoparticle are bare, resulting in strongly attractive patches. Through a systematic screening process, the patchy nanoparticles are found to form dispersed, string-like, and aggregated phases, dependent on the combination of alkane chain length, coating chain density, and the fractional coated surface area. Correlation analysis is used to identify the ability of various particle descriptors to predict the bulk phase behavior from more computationally efficient single grafted nanoparticle simulations and demonstrates that the solvent-accessible surface area of the nanoparticle core is a key predictor of bulk phase behavior. The results of this work enhance our knowledge of the phase space of patchy nanoparticles and provide a powerful approach for future screening of these materials.

Nanomaterials, 2019

Cross-linked chemisorbed n-alkylsilane (CH3(CH2)n−1Si(OH)3) monolayers on amorphous silica surfac... more Cross-linked chemisorbed n-alkylsilane (CH3(CH2)n−1Si(OH)3) monolayers on amorphous silica surfaces have been studied and their structural properties and frictional performance were compared to those of equivalent monolayers without cross-linkages. The simulations isolated for the first time the effects of both siloxane cross-linkages and the fraction of chains chemisorbed to the surface, providing insight into a longstanding fundamental question in the literature regarding molecular-level structure. The results demonstrate that both cross-linkages and the fraction of chemisorbed chains affect monolayer structure in small but measurable ways, particularly for monolayers constructed from short chains; however, these changes do not appear to have a significant impact on frictional performance.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017

While the terminology of defences is commonplace in other fields of private law, contract lawyers... more While the terminology of defences is commonplace in other fields of private law, contract lawyers seem relatively unaccustomed to thinking in terms of defences. For example, although the leading texts in other areas of private law reserve a prominent place for defences, 1 the present edition of Chitty on Contracts does not. 2 Similarly, although Andrew Burrows dedicates Part 4 of his Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment to defences,3 he includes no equivalent section in his Restatement of the English Law of Contract. Indeed, references to 'defences' in that work are few and far between.

Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 2018

Judges often invoke 'common sense' when deciding questions of legal causation. I draw on recent w... more Judges often invoke 'common sense' when deciding questions of legal causation. I draw on recent work in experimental psychology to refine the commonsense theory of legal causation developed by Hart and Honoré in Causation in the Law. I show that the two main principles of abnormality and choice that Hart and Honoré identified are empirically well-founded; I also show how experimental studies into causal selection can be used to specify these principles with greater precision than before. This approach can help provide legal scholars with a plausible new set of hypotheses to use in reexamining the decided cases on legal causation. If correct, the new commonsense theory that I develop has important implications not only for debates within legal scholarship, but also for judicial practice on issues of legal causation in criminal and private law.