Jyothi Lakshmi | Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (original) (raw)
Papers by Jyothi Lakshmi
Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017
Sunflower Hybrid (KBSH-1) was cultivated in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) at ambient (380 ppm) and ele... more Sunflower Hybrid (KBSH-1) was cultivated in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) at ambient (380 ppm) and elevated CO2 (550 and 700ppm) conditions. Biomass accumulation in root, stem, head and seed was significantly greater at elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700ppm) compared with ambient (380 ppm).The improvement in total biomass with 550 and 700 ppm CO2was 18.7 per cent and 40.5 percent and seed yield was 21.0 per cent and 45.9 per cent respectively compared to ambient. The positive growth response to increased atmospheric CO2 resulted in N and C concentrations. Although elevated CO2 levels tended to lower N concentration in some plant parts compared to ambient, elevated CO2 enhanced total N accumulation in each plant component via an increase in biomass.Elevated CO2 decreased the N per cent compared to ambient in seed meal, leaf and stem. At the recommended dose of nutrients, the total N uptake was high in plants grown at 700 ppm (1.25 g per plant), followed by 550 ppm (1.11g per plant) and ambient...
Impact of Elevated CO2 on Growth and Physiological Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ... more Impact of Elevated CO2 on Growth and Physiological Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes Five groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes- JL-24, ICGV 91114, Narayani, Abhaya, Dharani were evaluated at elevated (550 ppm) CO2 in OTCs during 2013 kharif to assess the variability in growth, biomass and physiological parameters. Elevated CO2 enhanced biomass and physiological parameters of all the selected groundnut genotypes, however the magnitude of response varied. Total biomass of genotypes was improved by 19% at 550 ppm and maximum response (34%) was recorded in ICGV 91114 and Narayani. The genotype ICGV 91114 recorded significant improvement of leaf and root biomass, total biomass and specific leaf weight with elevated CO2. Genotype Dharani recorded maximum root length, shoot length and leaf area at flowering stage and JL-24 at pegging stage. At elevated CO2, higher biomass was allocated to stem in JL-24, to roots in ICGV 91114, and no influence in Dharani as compa...
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for exami... more Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for examining po- tential genetic variation in crop water use efficiency (WUE). TE was assessed gravimetrically from sowing to grain harvest in fifteen blackgram accessions, two checks and two local varieties under well-watered conditions during kharif season. TEbiomass varied from 2.87 - 5.27 g kg-1 and TEseed varied from 1.10 - 2.03 g kg-1 among genotypes. High coefficient of variability was observed for seed yield and TEseed.Total biomass, TEbiomass, HI and water transpired recorded medium coefficient of variability. High heritability in broad sense was observed for seed yield, TEseed and total biomass. High genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield, TEseed, total biomass and TEbiomass. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for seed yield, total biomass and TEseed.TEseed is significantly positively correlated with TEbiomass (0...
Plant, Soil and Environment, 2008
Growth and yield responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to two elevated CO2 levels (550 a... more Growth and yield responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to two elevated CO2 levels (550 and 700 ppm) were evaluated up to the maturity of first order spikes in open top chambers (OTCs). The growth characteristics – root and shoot lengths, root volume, root:shoot ratios, leaf area, dry weights of different plant parts, leaf area duration and crop growth rate increased with 550 and 700 ppm of CO2 levels compared with ambient control. The spike length, pod and seed yield of first order spikes increased under enhanced CO2 levels over ambient control. Elevated CO2 levels significantly increased the total biomass and yield of castor bean, however enhanced CO2 levels per se did not changed the content and quality of the castor oil. A positive response of castor bean to increased CO2 concentrations is a good indication for its future existence in potentially changed climatic conditions.
Effect of different CO 2 concentrations on sucrose metabolizing enzymes and on carbohydrate metab... more Effect of different CO 2 concentrations on sucrose metabolizing enzymes and on carbohydrate metabolism was studied for eight blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes grown in open top chambers under ambient (380 µmol mol-1) vs. elevated CO 2 (550 and 700 µmol mol-1) levels. The higher acid invertase activity over neutral invertase indicated the major role of acid invertase in sucrose breakdown. Higher acid invertase activity over Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) suggested the major role of invertase in sucrose breakdown and sucrolysis. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) activity did not match with sucrose pool sizes in mature leaves and rather varied among genotypes. Plants exposed to higher CO 2 concentrations showed higher starch and sucrose contents as compared with those exposed to ambient CO 2. Leaf starch content being found several-folds higher than sucrose throughout the study indicated its major role in regulating assimilate partitioning. Increase in glucose vs. fructose concentrations for genotypes grown under elevated CO 2 conditions ranged from 20 to 90% and from 10 to 140%, respectively. The hexoses/sucrose ratio for elevated CO 2 concentration was approximately 0.8-1.6, however for ambient CO 2 content it approximately amounted to unity. Genotypes IC436720, IC519805, IC343952, and IC282009 with low hexose/sucrose ratio representing high CO 2 assimilation along with high sucrose formation indicated better tolerance to elevated CO 2 for carbon partitioning and carbohydrate metabolism. The up-regulation of leaf carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes of low hexose/sucrose as well as low sucrose/starch ratios for the genotype IC436720 (as compared with other genotypes) improved its photosynthetic capability which coupled with its better efficiency of carbon partitioning (indicative of better acclimation to elevated CO 2) could prove beneficial to its growth and productivity in the future change of climatic conditions.
A study was conducted with 13 genotypes of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under two levels of ... more A study was conducted with 13 genotypes of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under two levels of CO 2 , viz elevated (550 ppm) and ambient (370 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs) to assess the variability in crop yield responses to elevated CO 2 . The results revealed an increase in plant height, number of branches, leaf area, total dry weight, pod number, pod weight and seed yield under enhanced CO 2 conditions as compared to ambient CO 2 condition. Total dry weight and pod weight per plant were the most important yield contributing attributes in both conditions. There was a significant variety × CO 2 interaction for seed yield, ranging from 7.95% to 65.4% higher than at ambient CO 2 . The percentage increase in seed yield with elevated CO 2 conditions was highest in T 9 (65.4%) followed by WBG 26 (60.3%), which are early varieties. The high-yielding variety LBG 645 (4.35g/plant) at ambient CO 2 also responded to elevated CO 2 (5.35 g/plant), with an increase of only 23%. Though the early variety (T 9) showed low yield as compared to long duration varieties as recorded in the ambient CO 2 conditions, it is very pertinent as well as interesting here to note that these early varieties have recorded higher percentage of increase over control as compared to long duration varieties. This shows that the adaptability for change in climatic conditions especially with reference to higher CO 2 levels was highest in the short duration variety as compared to late varieties indicating that a case to case study is essential for identifying the adaptable varieties to changing environment depending upon the candidature crop.
SpringerPlus, 2012
A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium... more A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium has been established for greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Double cotyledonary node (DCN) explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 containing neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II) gene as selectable marker, β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter (uidA) gene and annexin 1 bj gene. Important parameters like optical density of Agrobacterium culture, culture quantity, infection medium, infection and co-cultivation time and acetosyringone concentration were standardized to optimize the transformation frequency. Kanamycin at a concentration of 100 mg/l was used to select transformed cells. Transient and stable GUS expressions were studied in transformed explants and regenerated putative plants, respectively. Transformed shoot were produced on regeneration medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin and 250 mg/l cefotaxime and rooted on ½ MS medium. Transient and constitutive GUS expression was observed in DCN explants and different tissues of T 0 and T 1 plants. Rooted T 0 and T 1 shoots confirming Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive for npt II and annexin 1bj genes were taken to maturity to collect the seeds. Integration of annexin gene into the greengram genome was confirmed by Southern blotting.
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2013
Two black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes LBG20 and PU19 were selected to study the impact... more Two black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes LBG20 and PU19 were selected to study the impact of PEG induced drought stress on seed germination, metabolite concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Stress caused considerable decrease in germination and fresh weight of seedlings of both the genotypes. It led to increase in protein concentration, contents of starch and total soluble sugars while decrease was observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of free amino acids, reducing sugar and total phenols. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated accumulation of some proteins with the germination under stress conditions. LBG20 which showed increase in soluble sugars, starch, proteins and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed to be relatively more tolerant to drought stress over PU19.
Helia, 2013
A study was conducted in the Open Top Chambers (OTCs) to assess the influence of cool and warm se... more A study was conducted in the Open Top Chambers (OTCs) to assess the influence of cool and warm season conditions on the response of sunflower (KBSH-1) to two elevated CO 2 levels (550 and 700 ppm) and compare them with the response to an ambient level (390 ppm). The effect of elevated CO 2 levels on biomass accumulation, seed yield and yield components were quantified in two seasons. Apart from the main effects of CO 2 and different seasons, a significant interaction effect between CO 2 levels and seasons was also observed. The CO 2 levels differed significantly in influencing biomass accumulation, seed yield and number of seeds. Four Principal Components (PC) based on PC analysis explained about 85% of the variability in the response of traits influenced by CO 2 levels in winter and summer seasons. In order to predict total dry weight, seed yield and harvest index obtained in winter and summer seasons, regression models of these variables were also calibrated and used through PC scores of different components. The analysis indicated that significant predictions could be made at ambient level with 550 ppm, compared to 700 ppm of CO 2 level. The plant traits with a significantly higher loading of more than ± 0.70 on PCs were identified and have been recommended for future research in genetic improvement of sunflower, taking into account the change of climate due to elevated CO 2 and temperature levels.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-harvest treatments on shelf-life and... more An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-harvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of mango cv. Amrapali fruits during storage at ambient conditions (25 ± 5°C; 65 ± 5% RH). Mango trees were sprayed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % CaCl2 and 25, 50 and 75 ppm GA3 at 20 and 10 days before harvest (DBH) with the objective of extending the shelf-life of fruits and delay the ripening process. Fruits trees sprayed with 75 ppm GA3 at 20 DBH (T3) and 1.50% CaCl2 at 20 DBH(T6) took more number of days for ripening (16.3 and 16.0 days) while it was least in control (8.3 days). Fruits sprayed with GA3 @75ppm at 20 DBH showed shelf life upto 21.0 days followed by 1.50% CaCl2 at 20 DBH (20.8days) as against 11.3 days of control trees. Spray of 75 ppm GA3 at 20 DBH and spray of 1.50% CaCl2 at 20DBH significantly improved the physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic evaluation of mango fruits compared to control.
![Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the effect of post harvest treatments on shelf life and quality of mango [Mangifera indica l.] cv. Amrapali](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90051589/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
he physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of mango[Mangifera indica L.] fruits treated wi... more he physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of mango[Mangifera indica L.] fruits treated with calci- um chloride (CaCl2-1%, 2%), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2-1%, 2%), potassium nitrate (KNO3-1%, 2%) and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC - 0.5, 1%) were studied. Untreated fruits served as the control. All tested treatments indicated a significant delay in the change of weight loss (16.84%), ripening (51.66%), decaying percentage (46.66) and retained firmness (3.23 kg/cm2) of fruits and biochemical qualities viz., total soluble solids(22.33Brix), sugar accumulation (18.17%) and tritratable acidity on 16th day in mango fruits compared to control. The significant (5%) impact of treatment is found on the least decay percentage in the order of fruits treated with calcium nitrate (2%) followed by 1% Ca(NO3)2, 2% CaCl2 and 1% CaCl2. Hence, it could be concluded that post harvest chemical treatment with calcium nitrate, calcium chloride (1%, 2%) has the potential to control spoilage, prolong...
Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access, 2015
Drought stress is one of the important abiotic stresses which can limit the crop growth and yield... more Drought stress is one of the important abiotic stresses which can limit the crop growth and yield by altering various physiological and biochemical processes. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed cash crop and can be affected by dry spells during critical pheno-phases. A field trial was conducted with six genotypes-JL-24, ICGV 91114, Narayani, Abhaya, Dharani and Greeshma in order to identify genotypic variability in physiological and biochemical changes that are triggered during drought stress. Drought stress imposition at flowering stage reduced Anet, gs, Tr and WUE. Reduction of Anet ranged from 60% (Abhaya) to 77% (ICGV 91114) whereas the reduction in Tr was lower. The genotypes Dharani and Abhaya with higher Anet and better intrinsic WUE at leaf level during stress period along with highest membrane stability index (MSI), higher accumulation of proline, FAA and total soluble proteins with better yield potentials proved to be tolerant to drought stress. The results indicated that response of groundnut genotypes to drought stress differed significantly and genotypes Dharani and Abhaya are likely to be tolerant to drought stress.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2016
Effects of extended and sudden heat stress on various physiological and biochemical processes hav... more Effects of extended and sudden heat stress on various physiological and biochemical processes have been investigated in ten inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. Among the various parameters studied, a significant decrease was observed in membrane stability, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration under extended heat stress and sudden heat shock in sensitive genotypes which indicated their susceptibility to high temperature. However, heat tolerant genotypes exhibited less impact on these parameters which could be attributed to lesser oxidative stress injury. The free radical scavenging system in heat tolerant genotypes was observed to be better established as compared to heat sensitive genotypes. These findings suggested that the genotypes which performed better both under extended and sudden heat stress conditions could be partly due to their superior ability to cope up with oxidative damage caused by heat stress in maize.
Plant, Soil and Environment
An attempt was made to understand the interactive effect of the elevated CO<sub>2</sub&g... more An attempt was made to understand the interactive effect of the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture stress on germination and initial growth responses of blackgarm (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Four open top chambers (OTCs) were used for different conditions: irrigated with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> (365 ppm), irrigated with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (600 ppm), moisture stress with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture stress with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The percentage of germination, germination speed, emergence index, and vigor index were measured on the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> day after sowing (DAS). Plants were harvested at different time intervals, i.e. on 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAS; leaf area and dry weights of the seedlings were recorded. It was observed that moisture stress in general reduced the germination in all the conditions and affected seedling growth of blackgram. Germination percentage, em...
A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moe... more A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Happer) and two oil seed crops viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under two conditions viz., elevated CO 2 (600 ppm) and ambient CO 2 (365 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The observations were recorded at the vegetative stage at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed significant differences between crops, conditions and time intervals, as well as the single and double order interactions for all the characters studied viz., total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot length, root length and leaf area. Total dry weight and its components viz., stem dry weight, root dry weight and leaf dry weight along with leaf area showed a significant increase under enhanced CO 2 conditions. Among the four crops studied the overall results showed the highest response to elevated CO 2 by blackgram while the lowest response by sorghum.
Biologia Plantarum, 2006
An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating se... more An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating seedlings of two cultivars of sorghum, SPV-462 and M35-1, as explants. A vertical slit given from the base of each dissected apex enhanced the efficiency of callusing response by two fold. MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 each of 2,4-D and kinetin was most effective in producing friable and embryogenic calli. Scanning electron microscopy of these calli detected somatic embryogenesis. Calli thus induced gave rise to approximately 42 green shoots per callus in both the genotypes when transferred to regeneration medium containing 1.5 mg dm−3 kinetin.
A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moe... more A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Happer) and two oil seed crops viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under two conditions viz., elevated CO 2 (600 ppm) and ambient CO 2 (365 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The observations were recorded at the vegetative stage at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed significant differences between crops, conditions and time intervals, as well as the single and double order interactions for all the characters studied viz., total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot length, root length and leaf area. Total dry weight and its components viz., stem dry weight, root dry weight and leaf dry weight along with leaf area showed a significant increase under enhanced CO 2 conditions. Among the four crops studied the overall results showed the highest response to elevated CO 2 by blackgram while the lowest response by sorghum.
Journal of Agrometeorology, 2017
Sunflower Hybrid (KBSH-1) was cultivated in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) at ambient (380 ppm) and ele... more Sunflower Hybrid (KBSH-1) was cultivated in Open Top Chambers (OTCs) at ambient (380 ppm) and elevated CO2 (550 and 700ppm) conditions. Biomass accumulation in root, stem, head and seed was significantly greater at elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700ppm) compared with ambient (380 ppm).The improvement in total biomass with 550 and 700 ppm CO2was 18.7 per cent and 40.5 percent and seed yield was 21.0 per cent and 45.9 per cent respectively compared to ambient. The positive growth response to increased atmospheric CO2 resulted in N and C concentrations. Although elevated CO2 levels tended to lower N concentration in some plant parts compared to ambient, elevated CO2 enhanced total N accumulation in each plant component via an increase in biomass.Elevated CO2 decreased the N per cent compared to ambient in seed meal, leaf and stem. At the recommended dose of nutrients, the total N uptake was high in plants grown at 700 ppm (1.25 g per plant), followed by 550 ppm (1.11g per plant) and ambient...
Impact of Elevated CO2 on Growth and Physiological Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ... more Impact of Elevated CO2 on Growth and Physiological Parameters of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes Five groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes- JL-24, ICGV 91114, Narayani, Abhaya, Dharani were evaluated at elevated (550 ppm) CO2 in OTCs during 2013 kharif to assess the variability in growth, biomass and physiological parameters. Elevated CO2 enhanced biomass and physiological parameters of all the selected groundnut genotypes, however the magnitude of response varied. Total biomass of genotypes was improved by 19% at 550 ppm and maximum response (34%) was recorded in ICGV 91114 and Narayani. The genotype ICGV 91114 recorded significant improvement of leaf and root biomass, total biomass and specific leaf weight with elevated CO2. Genotype Dharani recorded maximum root length, shoot length and leaf area at flowering stage and JL-24 at pegging stage. At elevated CO2, higher biomass was allocated to stem in JL-24, to roots in ICGV 91114, and no influence in Dharani as compa...
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for exami... more Transpiration efficiency (TE, g biomass kg-1 water transpired) is the preferred measure for examining po- tential genetic variation in crop water use efficiency (WUE). TE was assessed gravimetrically from sowing to grain harvest in fifteen blackgram accessions, two checks and two local varieties under well-watered conditions during kharif season. TEbiomass varied from 2.87 - 5.27 g kg-1 and TEseed varied from 1.10 - 2.03 g kg-1 among genotypes. High coefficient of variability was observed for seed yield and TEseed.Total biomass, TEbiomass, HI and water transpired recorded medium coefficient of variability. High heritability in broad sense was observed for seed yield, TEseed and total biomass. High genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield, TEseed, total biomass and TEbiomass. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for seed yield, total biomass and TEseed.TEseed is significantly positively correlated with TEbiomass (0...
Plant, Soil and Environment, 2008
Growth and yield responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to two elevated CO2 levels (550 a... more Growth and yield responses of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) to two elevated CO2 levels (550 and 700 ppm) were evaluated up to the maturity of first order spikes in open top chambers (OTCs). The growth characteristics – root and shoot lengths, root volume, root:shoot ratios, leaf area, dry weights of different plant parts, leaf area duration and crop growth rate increased with 550 and 700 ppm of CO2 levels compared with ambient control. The spike length, pod and seed yield of first order spikes increased under enhanced CO2 levels over ambient control. Elevated CO2 levels significantly increased the total biomass and yield of castor bean, however enhanced CO2 levels per se did not changed the content and quality of the castor oil. A positive response of castor bean to increased CO2 concentrations is a good indication for its future existence in potentially changed climatic conditions.
Effect of different CO 2 concentrations on sucrose metabolizing enzymes and on carbohydrate metab... more Effect of different CO 2 concentrations on sucrose metabolizing enzymes and on carbohydrate metabolism was studied for eight blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes grown in open top chambers under ambient (380 µmol mol-1) vs. elevated CO 2 (550 and 700 µmol mol-1) levels. The higher acid invertase activity over neutral invertase indicated the major role of acid invertase in sucrose breakdown. Higher acid invertase activity over Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) suggested the major role of invertase in sucrose breakdown and sucrolysis. Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) activity did not match with sucrose pool sizes in mature leaves and rather varied among genotypes. Plants exposed to higher CO 2 concentrations showed higher starch and sucrose contents as compared with those exposed to ambient CO 2. Leaf starch content being found several-folds higher than sucrose throughout the study indicated its major role in regulating assimilate partitioning. Increase in glucose vs. fructose concentrations for genotypes grown under elevated CO 2 conditions ranged from 20 to 90% and from 10 to 140%, respectively. The hexoses/sucrose ratio for elevated CO 2 concentration was approximately 0.8-1.6, however for ambient CO 2 content it approximately amounted to unity. Genotypes IC436720, IC519805, IC343952, and IC282009 with low hexose/sucrose ratio representing high CO 2 assimilation along with high sucrose formation indicated better tolerance to elevated CO 2 for carbon partitioning and carbohydrate metabolism. The up-regulation of leaf carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes of low hexose/sucrose as well as low sucrose/starch ratios for the genotype IC436720 (as compared with other genotypes) improved its photosynthetic capability which coupled with its better efficiency of carbon partitioning (indicative of better acclimation to elevated CO 2) could prove beneficial to its growth and productivity in the future change of climatic conditions.
A study was conducted with 13 genotypes of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under two levels of ... more A study was conducted with 13 genotypes of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) under two levels of CO 2 , viz elevated (550 ppm) and ambient (370 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs) to assess the variability in crop yield responses to elevated CO 2 . The results revealed an increase in plant height, number of branches, leaf area, total dry weight, pod number, pod weight and seed yield under enhanced CO 2 conditions as compared to ambient CO 2 condition. Total dry weight and pod weight per plant were the most important yield contributing attributes in both conditions. There was a significant variety × CO 2 interaction for seed yield, ranging from 7.95% to 65.4% higher than at ambient CO 2 . The percentage increase in seed yield with elevated CO 2 conditions was highest in T 9 (65.4%) followed by WBG 26 (60.3%), which are early varieties. The high-yielding variety LBG 645 (4.35g/plant) at ambient CO 2 also responded to elevated CO 2 (5.35 g/plant), with an increase of only 23%. Though the early variety (T 9) showed low yield as compared to long duration varieties as recorded in the ambient CO 2 conditions, it is very pertinent as well as interesting here to note that these early varieties have recorded higher percentage of increase over control as compared to long duration varieties. This shows that the adaptability for change in climatic conditions especially with reference to higher CO 2 levels was highest in the short duration variety as compared to late varieties indicating that a case to case study is essential for identifying the adaptable varieties to changing environment depending upon the candidature crop.
SpringerPlus, 2012
A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium... more A reproducible and highly efficient protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium has been established for greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Double cotyledonary node (DCN) explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 containing neomycin phosphotransferase (npt II) gene as selectable marker, β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter (uidA) gene and annexin 1 bj gene. Important parameters like optical density of Agrobacterium culture, culture quantity, infection medium, infection and co-cultivation time and acetosyringone concentration were standardized to optimize the transformation frequency. Kanamycin at a concentration of 100 mg/l was used to select transformed cells. Transient and stable GUS expressions were studied in transformed explants and regenerated putative plants, respectively. Transformed shoot were produced on regeneration medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin and 250 mg/l cefotaxime and rooted on ½ MS medium. Transient and constitutive GUS expression was observed in DCN explants and different tissues of T 0 and T 1 plants. Rooted T 0 and T 1 shoots confirming Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive for npt II and annexin 1bj genes were taken to maturity to collect the seeds. Integration of annexin gene into the greengram genome was confirmed by Southern blotting.
Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2013
Two black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes LBG20 and PU19 were selected to study the impact... more Two black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes LBG20 and PU19 were selected to study the impact of PEG induced drought stress on seed germination, metabolite concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Stress caused considerable decrease in germination and fresh weight of seedlings of both the genotypes. It led to increase in protein concentration, contents of starch and total soluble sugars while decrease was observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of free amino acids, reducing sugar and total phenols. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated accumulation of some proteins with the germination under stress conditions. LBG20 which showed increase in soluble sugars, starch, proteins and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed to be relatively more tolerant to drought stress over PU19.
Helia, 2013
A study was conducted in the Open Top Chambers (OTCs) to assess the influence of cool and warm se... more A study was conducted in the Open Top Chambers (OTCs) to assess the influence of cool and warm season conditions on the response of sunflower (KBSH-1) to two elevated CO 2 levels (550 and 700 ppm) and compare them with the response to an ambient level (390 ppm). The effect of elevated CO 2 levels on biomass accumulation, seed yield and yield components were quantified in two seasons. Apart from the main effects of CO 2 and different seasons, a significant interaction effect between CO 2 levels and seasons was also observed. The CO 2 levels differed significantly in influencing biomass accumulation, seed yield and number of seeds. Four Principal Components (PC) based on PC analysis explained about 85% of the variability in the response of traits influenced by CO 2 levels in winter and summer seasons. In order to predict total dry weight, seed yield and harvest index obtained in winter and summer seasons, regression models of these variables were also calibrated and used through PC scores of different components. The analysis indicated that significant predictions could be made at ambient level with 550 ppm, compared to 700 ppm of CO 2 level. The plant traits with a significantly higher loading of more than ± 0.70 on PCs were identified and have been recommended for future research in genetic improvement of sunflower, taking into account the change of climate due to elevated CO 2 and temperature levels.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-harvest treatments on shelf-life and... more An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-harvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of mango cv. Amrapali fruits during storage at ambient conditions (25 ± 5°C; 65 ± 5% RH). Mango trees were sprayed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % CaCl2 and 25, 50 and 75 ppm GA3 at 20 and 10 days before harvest (DBH) with the objective of extending the shelf-life of fruits and delay the ripening process. Fruits trees sprayed with 75 ppm GA3 at 20 DBH (T3) and 1.50% CaCl2 at 20 DBH(T6) took more number of days for ripening (16.3 and 16.0 days) while it was least in control (8.3 days). Fruits sprayed with GA3 @75ppm at 20 DBH showed shelf life upto 21.0 days followed by 1.50% CaCl2 at 20 DBH (20.8days) as against 11.3 days of control trees. Spray of 75 ppm GA3 at 20 DBH and spray of 1.50% CaCl2 at 20DBH significantly improved the physico-chemical parameters and organoleptic evaluation of mango fruits compared to control.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
he physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of mango[Mangifera indica L.] fruits treated wi... more he physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of mango[Mangifera indica L.] fruits treated with calci- um chloride (CaCl2-1%, 2%), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2-1%, 2%), potassium nitrate (KNO3-1%, 2%) and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC - 0.5, 1%) were studied. Untreated fruits served as the control. All tested treatments indicated a significant delay in the change of weight loss (16.84%), ripening (51.66%), decaying percentage (46.66) and retained firmness (3.23 kg/cm2) of fruits and biochemical qualities viz., total soluble solids(22.33Brix), sugar accumulation (18.17%) and tritratable acidity on 16th day in mango fruits compared to control. The significant (5%) impact of treatment is found on the least decay percentage in the order of fruits treated with calcium nitrate (2%) followed by 1% Ca(NO3)2, 2% CaCl2 and 1% CaCl2. Hence, it could be concluded that post harvest chemical treatment with calcium nitrate, calcium chloride (1%, 2%) has the potential to control spoilage, prolong...
Biochemistry & Physiology: Open Access, 2015
Drought stress is one of the important abiotic stresses which can limit the crop growth and yield... more Drought stress is one of the important abiotic stresses which can limit the crop growth and yield by altering various physiological and biochemical processes. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed cash crop and can be affected by dry spells during critical pheno-phases. A field trial was conducted with six genotypes-JL-24, ICGV 91114, Narayani, Abhaya, Dharani and Greeshma in order to identify genotypic variability in physiological and biochemical changes that are triggered during drought stress. Drought stress imposition at flowering stage reduced Anet, gs, Tr and WUE. Reduction of Anet ranged from 60% (Abhaya) to 77% (ICGV 91114) whereas the reduction in Tr was lower. The genotypes Dharani and Abhaya with higher Anet and better intrinsic WUE at leaf level during stress period along with highest membrane stability index (MSI), higher accumulation of proline, FAA and total soluble proteins with better yield potentials proved to be tolerant to drought stress. The results indicated that response of groundnut genotypes to drought stress differed significantly and genotypes Dharani and Abhaya are likely to be tolerant to drought stress.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2016
Effects of extended and sudden heat stress on various physiological and biochemical processes hav... more Effects of extended and sudden heat stress on various physiological and biochemical processes have been investigated in ten inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. Among the various parameters studied, a significant decrease was observed in membrane stability, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration under extended heat stress and sudden heat shock in sensitive genotypes which indicated their susceptibility to high temperature. However, heat tolerant genotypes exhibited less impact on these parameters which could be attributed to lesser oxidative stress injury. The free radical scavenging system in heat tolerant genotypes was observed to be better established as compared to heat sensitive genotypes. These findings suggested that the genotypes which performed better both under extended and sudden heat stress conditions could be partly due to their superior ability to cope up with oxidative damage caused by heat stress in maize.
Plant, Soil and Environment
An attempt was made to understand the interactive effect of the elevated CO<sub>2</sub&g... more An attempt was made to understand the interactive effect of the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture stress on germination and initial growth responses of blackgarm (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Four open top chambers (OTCs) were used for different conditions: irrigated with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> (365 ppm), irrigated with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (600 ppm), moisture stress with ambient CO<sub>2</sub> and moisture stress with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The percentage of germination, germination speed, emergence index, and vigor index were measured on the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> day after sowing (DAS). Plants were harvested at different time intervals, i.e. on 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAS; leaf area and dry weights of the seedlings were recorded. It was observed that moisture stress in general reduced the germination in all the conditions and affected seedling growth of blackgram. Germination percentage, em...
A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moe... more A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Happer) and two oil seed crops viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under two conditions viz., elevated CO 2 (600 ppm) and ambient CO 2 (365 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The observations were recorded at the vegetative stage at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed significant differences between crops, conditions and time intervals, as well as the single and double order interactions for all the characters studied viz., total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot length, root length and leaf area. Total dry weight and its components viz., stem dry weight, root dry weight and leaf dry weight along with leaf area showed a significant increase under enhanced CO 2 conditions. Among the four crops studied the overall results showed the highest response to elevated CO 2 by blackgram while the lowest response by sorghum.
Biologia Plantarum, 2006
An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating se... more An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating seedlings of two cultivars of sorghum, SPV-462 and M35-1, as explants. A vertical slit given from the base of each dissected apex enhanced the efficiency of callusing response by two fold. MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 each of 2,4-D and kinetin was most effective in producing friable and embryogenic calli. Scanning electron microscopy of these calli detected somatic embryogenesis. Calli thus induced gave rise to approximately 42 green shoots per callus in both the genotypes when transferred to regeneration medium containing 1.5 mg dm−3 kinetin.
A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moe... more A study was conducted with two important rainfed food crops viz., sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) and blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Happer) and two oil seed crops viz., sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under two conditions viz., elevated CO 2 (600 ppm) and ambient CO 2 (365 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The observations were recorded at the vegetative stage at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after sowing (DAS). The results showed significant differences between crops, conditions and time intervals, as well as the single and double order interactions for all the characters studied viz., total dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, shoot length, root length and leaf area. Total dry weight and its components viz., stem dry weight, root dry weight and leaf dry weight along with leaf area showed a significant increase under enhanced CO 2 conditions. Among the four crops studied the overall results showed the highest response to elevated CO 2 by blackgram while the lowest response by sorghum.