Fermina Rojo-Perez | CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Spanish National Research Council) (original) (raw)
Papers by Fermina Rojo-Perez
OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status amo... more OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 noninstitutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2021
Tiempo de paz, 2018
Tiempo de Paz no se hace responsable de las opiniones expresadas por los autores. Esta revista ha... more Tiempo de Paz no se hace responsable de las opiniones expresadas por los autores. Esta revista ha recibido una ayuda a la edición del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte.
OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status amo... more OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 noninstitutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2021
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2018
As a multidimensional concept, active ageing is placed in relation to the most important domains ... more As a multidimensional concept, active ageing is placed in relation to the most important domains of quality of later life, self-assessed by the individuals. It is well recognized in international research to have positive effects on personal wellbeing. From the point of view of an active living at an individual and ageing contexts, this paper aimed at analysing the profile of older-adults in relationship to their involvement in leisure and social and community participation activities, as factors that promote an active ageing to enhance quality of later life.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011
El estudio ha sido financiado por el MICINN (SEJ2006-15122-C02-00) y Fundación CIEN (PI 017/09). ... more El estudio ha sido financiado por el MICINN (SEJ2006-15122-C02-00) y Fundación CIEN (PI 017/09). La encuesta de personas institucionalizadas se realizó mediante un esfuerzo colaborativo de miembros del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y EULEN Servicios Sociosanitarios. Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses. RESUMEN Fundamento: Las enfermedades crónicas representan factores de riesgo para la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). El objetivo de estudio es analizar la influencia de problemas crónicos de salud autodeclarados en la CVRS, medida a través de las dimensiones del EQ-5D, en personas mayores institucionalizada y no institucionalizada. Métodos: Los datos proceden de dos estudios sobre calidad de vida en personas con 60 o más años de edad, en España, con una muestra de 1.106 personas mayores viviendo en la comunidad, y 234 en centros residenciales. Para analizar la influencia de los problemas crónicos más prevalentes en la CVRS se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística tomando como variable dependiente cada dimensión del EQ-5D y controlando por variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: Los problemas crónicos de salud que influyeron negativamente en la CVRS de los dos grupos de población estudiados, fueron la depresión (rango de OR en las distintas dimensiones del EQ-5D:1,97-6,48), seguida de artrosis/artritis (OR:2,81-6,00), insomnio (OR:2,81-4,61), diabetes (OR:1,68-3,44) e hipertensión arterial (OR:1,42-2,45). Estos problemas afectaron de forma distinta a las dimensiones del EQ-5D y a los dos grupos considerados. Las dimensiones del EQ-5D en las que se observaron más dificultades fueron dolor/malestar y movilidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo indican que el carácter debilitante de las enfermedades crónicas sobre la CVRS es distinto en personas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas. Además, destacan la importancia de la promoción de un envejecimiento saludable para atenuar el impacto negativo de los problemas crónicos de la salud sobre la población mayor. Palabras clave: Problemas crónicos de salud autodeclarados. Calidad de vida relacionada con salud. Personas mayores. Institucionalizados. No institucionalizados. España..
Gaceta sanitaria, Jul 1, 2012
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, Jun 1, 2008
El estudio del estado emocional y los recursos personales para afrontar la vida ha manifestado un... more El estudio del estado emocional y los recursos personales para afrontar la vida ha manifestado un interés creciente en el campo de la Calidad de Vida (CdV), dando lugar a investigaciones que evidencian su contribución en la satisfacción con la vida, y su interrelación con dimensiones como la salud, de gran relevancia en la vejez. El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar el bienestar emocional (en términos de sentimientos y recursos de afrontamiento) con factores sociodemográficos y de salud. Métodos: Se utilizó una encuesta sobre CdV de población mayor residente en vivienda familiar de la Comunidad de Madrid (CadeVi-Ma-2005). Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis multivariante para crear un indicador de bienestar emocional que integró tanto sentimientos positivos y negativos como recursos personales para afrontar la vida. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para estimar la probabilidad de tener un bienestar emocional positivo sobre la base de características sociodemográficas y de salud. Resultados: Las personas sin problemas de ansiedad o depresión, mostraron cerca de tres veces más probabilidades de valorar positivamente su bienestar emocional que quienes padecían esos problemas. Los mayores que experimentaron una mejora en su salud en relación con los últimos 12 meses indicaron una probabilidad superior a cinco veces de tener un alto bienestar emocional que aquellos que sufrieron un empeoramiento en su salud. Quienes valoraron su salud como muy buena, reflejaron una probabilidad 26 veces mayor de tener un alto bienestar emocional que quienes percibieron su salud negativamente. La clases sociales media y superiores, mostraron mayores probabilidades de experimentar un bienestar emocional positivo, tres veces por encima de quienes pertenecían a una clase social baja. Conclusiones: La salud constituye un factor de gran influencia sobre el bienestar emocional, con un papel esencial de la experiencia subjetiva de la salud en su explicación, contribuyendo también la clase social, como indicador del nivel educativo y de la situación socioeconómica. Palabras clave: Anciano. Afecto. Indicadores del estado de salud. Calidad de vida.
Community quality-of-life and well-being, 2017
Population aging is growing and, consequently, has attracted great interest in knowledge on the p... more Population aging is growing and, consequently, has attracted great interest in knowledge on the promotion of health and quality of life (QoL) in old age. In this context, a multidisciplinary team designed the CadeViMa Study, a cross-sectional study to assess the QoL of community-dwelling older people and to identify its associated factors. It incorporated a representative sample of 1106 people aged 60 years or older in Spain. QoL was assessed by means of a generic instrument for measuring health-related QoL (HRQoL), the EQ-5D, and a global QoL rating scale, the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI). The survey also gathered information on the sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, financial, and contextual characteristics of the participants. Results indicated that QoL of community-dwelling older adults was influenced by age, health status, loneliness, social support and disability. People aged 78 years or more reported a significantly lower QoL (PWI) than younger counterparts did. Logistic regression models showed that some chronic health conditions, such as osteoarticular or mental health disorders, and disability have a great impact on HRQoL and global QoL. Perceived loneliness and social support strongly influenced global QoL. Loneliness, in turn, was negatively associated to residential satisfaction. We also found that a high sense of coherence, a concept related to successful aging, is also associated to better QoL in old age. These results reflect the importance of the functional, social, mental, and contextual dimensions in the QoL of community-dwelling older adults, and may help to set the priorities of interventions addressed to preserve their QoL.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Nursing homes for the elderly in Spain have experienced high rates of infection and mortality fro... more Nursing homes for the elderly in Spain have experienced high rates of infection and mortality from COVID-19, although rates have varied from one region to another. Madrid is the region where most institutionalized older adults have died from the coronavirus. However, there is little known about the psychosocial and environmental factors involved in the high incidence of COVID-19 among the institutionalised population in this region. This article describes the protocol of a study on nursing homes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (hereafter: Region of Madrid or Madrid Region) and provides information on the study design, measures used, and characteristics of the population studied. A questionnaire about life in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic was designed and a total of 447 persons over 60 years of age without cognitive impairment—220 in private nursing homes and 227 in public nursing homes—participated by answering questions about differ...
European Journal of Public Health
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted older people. The disease and the measures... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted older people. The disease and the measures to combat it have had a differential impact according to gender, with higher mortality rates in men and worse psychological and social consequences in women. The objective of this work is to analyze the changes in perceived health of older people in Europe during the first months of the pandemic and to assess the combined role of age and gender. Methods Wave 8 data of SHARE-corona (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) (n = 51,695, aged≥50) collected between Jun-Aug 2020 were used. Perceived health status was explored with a question on whether there has been a change compared with the health status before the COVID-19 outbreak (response options: worse, the same and better). Two-way ANOVA with interaction and Student's t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the effects of gender and age group (50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80) in changes in ...
Future City
As of 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world's population now live in citie... more As of 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world's population now live in cities. And with concerns about issues such as climate change, energy supply and environmental health receiving increasing political attention, interest in the sustainable development of our future cities has grown dramatically. Yet despite a wealth of literature on green architecture, evidence-based design and sustainable planning, only a fraction of the current literature successfully integrates the necessary theory and practice from across the full range of relevant disciplines. Springer's Future City series combines expertise from designers, and from natural and social scientists, to discuss the wide range of issues facing the architects, planners, developers and inhabitants of the world's future cities. Its aim is to encourage the integration of ecological theory into the aesthetic, social and practical realities of contemporary urban development.
OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status amo... more OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 noninstitutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2021
Tiempo de paz, 2018
Tiempo de Paz no se hace responsable de las opiniones expresadas por los autores. Esta revista ha... more Tiempo de Paz no se hace responsable de las opiniones expresadas por los autores. Esta revista ha recibido una ayuda a la edición del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte.
OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status amo... more OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in selfperceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 noninstitutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2021
International handbooks of quality-of-life, 2018
As a multidimensional concept, active ageing is placed in relation to the most important domains ... more As a multidimensional concept, active ageing is placed in relation to the most important domains of quality of later life, self-assessed by the individuals. It is well recognized in international research to have positive effects on personal wellbeing. From the point of view of an active living at an individual and ageing contexts, this paper aimed at analysing the profile of older-adults in relationship to their involvement in leisure and social and community participation activities, as factors that promote an active ageing to enhance quality of later life.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2011
El estudio ha sido financiado por el MICINN (SEJ2006-15122-C02-00) y Fundación CIEN (PI 017/09). ... more El estudio ha sido financiado por el MICINN (SEJ2006-15122-C02-00) y Fundación CIEN (PI 017/09). La encuesta de personas institucionalizadas se realizó mediante un esfuerzo colaborativo de miembros del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y EULEN Servicios Sociosanitarios. Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses. RESUMEN Fundamento: Las enfermedades crónicas representan factores de riesgo para la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). El objetivo de estudio es analizar la influencia de problemas crónicos de salud autodeclarados en la CVRS, medida a través de las dimensiones del EQ-5D, en personas mayores institucionalizada y no institucionalizada. Métodos: Los datos proceden de dos estudios sobre calidad de vida en personas con 60 o más años de edad, en España, con una muestra de 1.106 personas mayores viviendo en la comunidad, y 234 en centros residenciales. Para analizar la influencia de los problemas crónicos más prevalentes en la CVRS se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística tomando como variable dependiente cada dimensión del EQ-5D y controlando por variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: Los problemas crónicos de salud que influyeron negativamente en la CVRS de los dos grupos de población estudiados, fueron la depresión (rango de OR en las distintas dimensiones del EQ-5D:1,97-6,48), seguida de artrosis/artritis (OR:2,81-6,00), insomnio (OR:2,81-4,61), diabetes (OR:1,68-3,44) e hipertensión arterial (OR:1,42-2,45). Estos problemas afectaron de forma distinta a las dimensiones del EQ-5D y a los dos grupos considerados. Las dimensiones del EQ-5D en las que se observaron más dificultades fueron dolor/malestar y movilidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo indican que el carácter debilitante de las enfermedades crónicas sobre la CVRS es distinto en personas mayores institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas. Además, destacan la importancia de la promoción de un envejecimiento saludable para atenuar el impacto negativo de los problemas crónicos de la salud sobre la población mayor. Palabras clave: Problemas crónicos de salud autodeclarados. Calidad de vida relacionada con salud. Personas mayores. Institucionalizados. No institucionalizados. España..
Gaceta sanitaria, Jul 1, 2012
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica, Jun 1, 2008
El estudio del estado emocional y los recursos personales para afrontar la vida ha manifestado un... more El estudio del estado emocional y los recursos personales para afrontar la vida ha manifestado un interés creciente en el campo de la Calidad de Vida (CdV), dando lugar a investigaciones que evidencian su contribución en la satisfacción con la vida, y su interrelación con dimensiones como la salud, de gran relevancia en la vejez. El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar el bienestar emocional (en términos de sentimientos y recursos de afrontamiento) con factores sociodemográficos y de salud. Métodos: Se utilizó una encuesta sobre CdV de población mayor residente en vivienda familiar de la Comunidad de Madrid (CadeVi-Ma-2005). Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis multivariante para crear un indicador de bienestar emocional que integró tanto sentimientos positivos y negativos como recursos personales para afrontar la vida. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística para estimar la probabilidad de tener un bienestar emocional positivo sobre la base de características sociodemográficas y de salud. Resultados: Las personas sin problemas de ansiedad o depresión, mostraron cerca de tres veces más probabilidades de valorar positivamente su bienestar emocional que quienes padecían esos problemas. Los mayores que experimentaron una mejora en su salud en relación con los últimos 12 meses indicaron una probabilidad superior a cinco veces de tener un alto bienestar emocional que aquellos que sufrieron un empeoramiento en su salud. Quienes valoraron su salud como muy buena, reflejaron una probabilidad 26 veces mayor de tener un alto bienestar emocional que quienes percibieron su salud negativamente. La clases sociales media y superiores, mostraron mayores probabilidades de experimentar un bienestar emocional positivo, tres veces por encima de quienes pertenecían a una clase social baja. Conclusiones: La salud constituye un factor de gran influencia sobre el bienestar emocional, con un papel esencial de la experiencia subjetiva de la salud en su explicación, contribuyendo también la clase social, como indicador del nivel educativo y de la situación socioeconómica. Palabras clave: Anciano. Afecto. Indicadores del estado de salud. Calidad de vida.
Community quality-of-life and well-being, 2017
Population aging is growing and, consequently, has attracted great interest in knowledge on the p... more Population aging is growing and, consequently, has attracted great interest in knowledge on the promotion of health and quality of life (QoL) in old age. In this context, a multidisciplinary team designed the CadeViMa Study, a cross-sectional study to assess the QoL of community-dwelling older people and to identify its associated factors. It incorporated a representative sample of 1106 people aged 60 years or older in Spain. QoL was assessed by means of a generic instrument for measuring health-related QoL (HRQoL), the EQ-5D, and a global QoL rating scale, the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI). The survey also gathered information on the sociodemographic, health-related, psychosocial, financial, and contextual characteristics of the participants. Results indicated that QoL of community-dwelling older adults was influenced by age, health status, loneliness, social support and disability. People aged 78 years or more reported a significantly lower QoL (PWI) than younger counterparts did. Logistic regression models showed that some chronic health conditions, such as osteoarticular or mental health disorders, and disability have a great impact on HRQoL and global QoL. Perceived loneliness and social support strongly influenced global QoL. Loneliness, in turn, was negatively associated to residential satisfaction. We also found that a high sense of coherence, a concept related to successful aging, is also associated to better QoL in old age. These results reflect the importance of the functional, social, mental, and contextual dimensions in the QoL of community-dwelling older adults, and may help to set the priorities of interventions addressed to preserve their QoL.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Nursing homes for the elderly in Spain have experienced high rates of infection and mortality fro... more Nursing homes for the elderly in Spain have experienced high rates of infection and mortality from COVID-19, although rates have varied from one region to another. Madrid is the region where most institutionalized older adults have died from the coronavirus. However, there is little known about the psychosocial and environmental factors involved in the high incidence of COVID-19 among the institutionalised population in this region. This article describes the protocol of a study on nursing homes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (hereafter: Region of Madrid or Madrid Region) and provides information on the study design, measures used, and characteristics of the population studied. A questionnaire about life in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic was designed and a total of 447 persons over 60 years of age without cognitive impairment—220 in private nursing homes and 227 in public nursing homes—participated by answering questions about differ...
European Journal of Public Health
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted older people. The disease and the measures... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted older people. The disease and the measures to combat it have had a differential impact according to gender, with higher mortality rates in men and worse psychological and social consequences in women. The objective of this work is to analyze the changes in perceived health of older people in Europe during the first months of the pandemic and to assess the combined role of age and gender. Methods Wave 8 data of SHARE-corona (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) (n = 51,695, aged≥50) collected between Jun-Aug 2020 were used. Perceived health status was explored with a question on whether there has been a change compared with the health status before the COVID-19 outbreak (response options: worse, the same and better). Two-way ANOVA with interaction and Student's t-test with Bonferroni correction were used to compare the effects of gender and age group (50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80) in changes in ...
Future City
As of 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world's population now live in citie... more As of 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world's population now live in cities. And with concerns about issues such as climate change, energy supply and environmental health receiving increasing political attention, interest in the sustainable development of our future cities has grown dramatically. Yet despite a wealth of literature on green architecture, evidence-based design and sustainable planning, only a fraction of the current literature successfully integrates the necessary theory and practice from across the full range of relevant disciplines. Springer's Future City series combines expertise from designers, and from natural and social scientists, to discuss the wide range of issues facing the architects, planners, developers and inhabitants of the world's future cities. Its aim is to encourage the integration of ecological theory into the aesthetic, social and practical realities of contemporary urban development.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
The most vulnerable residential settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were older adult’s nursing ... more The most vulnerable residential settings during the COVID-19 pandemic were older adult’s
nursing homes, which experienced high rates of incidence and death from this cause. This paper aims
to ascertain how institutionalized older people assessed their residential environment during the
pandemic and to examine the differences according to personal and contextual characteristics. The
COVID-19 Nursing Homes Survey (Madrid region, Spain) was used. The residential environment
assessment scale (EVAER) and personal and contextual characteristics were selected. Descriptive and
multivariate statistical analysis were applied. The sample consisted of 447 people (mean age = 83.8,
63.1% = women, 50.8% = widowed, 40% = less than primary studies). Four residential assessment
subscales (relationships, mobility, residential aspects, privacy space) and three clusters according to
residential rating (medium-high with everything = 71.5% of cases, low with mobility = 15.4%, low
with everything = 13.1%) were obtained. The logistic regression models for each cluster category
showed to be statistically significant. Showing a positive affect (OR = 1.08), fear of COVID-19
(OR = 1.06), high quality of life (OR = 1.05), not having suspicion of depression (OR = 0.75) and
performing volunteer activities (OR = 3.67) were associated with the largest cluster. It is concluded
that a better residential evaluation was related to more favourable personal and contextual conditions.
These results can help in the design of nursing homes for older adults in need of accommodation and
care to facilitate an age-friendly environment.