Essam Esmail | University of Al-Qadisiyah (original) (raw)

Papers by Essam Esmail

Mechanism and Machine Theory, Sep 1, 2022

Mechanism and Machine Theory, Mar 1, 2018

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

This paper presents a review of the relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting ... more This paper presents a review of the relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting on passive tillage tool in term of soil-tool interaction. Scientifically, the horizontal force is one of the draft force components, but sometimes in the literature refers to the horizontal force as the draft force. This difference needs clarifying.

Volume 8A: 45th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference (MR), 2021

One of the most important steps in the structural synthesis of planetary gear trains is to elimin... more One of the most important steps in the structural synthesis of planetary gear trains is to eliminate degenerate structures. First, the graph theory is used to represent planetary gear trains (PGTs). Second, a procedure is developed to identify fundamental geared entities (FGEs). Further, the single-planet FGEs are shown to have one-DOF and, therefore, cannot constitute a degenerate structure. It is this that allows a significant reduction in the calculation in relation to other methods of diagnosing degenerate structures. Third, using the concepts of FGEs and the notation of the associated adjacency matrix, an algorithm is developed for the detection of degenerate structures in PGTs. The algorithm is based on the fact that any degenerate structure is a PGT formed by two fundamental geared entities with common edges and/or vertices equal to or more than 3. Forth, the concept of connectivity between single-planet FGEs is introduced and a simple, straightforward approach for deducting ...

Mağallaẗ al-qādisiyyaẗ li-l-ʻulūm al-handasiyyaẗ, Jul 30, 2022

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2023

Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

The various graphical representations of planetary gear trains (PGTs), including basic assumption... more The various graphical representations of planetary gear trains (PGTs), including basic assumptions and graph rules, are first reviewed in this paper. They revealed that they had close relationships. Their similarity has stimulated the development of a unified graphical representation. When there is a multiple joints in a graph, it can be reconfigured without affecting the information contained in the graph. To accomplish this, a rooted graph in which a multiple joint represents either the housing of the mechanism and/or a transfer vertex of a multi-planet fundamental geared entity is employed.

3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021), 2022

Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2018

This study contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for the torque and power fl... more This study contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for the torque and power flow analyses of two-input epicyclic gear mechanisms (EGMs) with or without reaction link, based upon the concept of fundamental circuit. The studies on power flow analysis of EGMs are mostly done in the context of efficiency formulations. In the opinion of the authors, the design process of two-input mechanism involves not only finding the configuration that provides the correct velocity ratios, but also meets other dynamic and kinematic requirements and ensures that the two inputs have a mutually constructive nature. To demonstrate the analysis, a new motor/generator integrated hybrid transmission design is used to show how the torque acting on each link of an epicyclic gear train (EGT) can be systematically solved in terms of input torque(s) and/or controlled output torque. This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance approaches for the analysis of two-input epicycl...

A methodology is presented for obtaining the analytical expressions for the efficiency of two-inp... more A methodology is presented for obtaining the analytical expressions for the efficiency of two-input planetary gear pair entities. The method is based on relative velocities, torque ratios and the concept of rolling and coupling powers. The torque ratios, which are obtained from the rolling powers, allows obtaining the efficiency expressions in a simpler manner. The formulas deduced for the estimation of efficiency in two-degree-of freedom GPE are not in complete agreement with those reported by Pennestri and Fredenstein. New efficiency formulas which cover operating conditions not considered previously, are deduced. The operating speed ranges are also determined.

This paper presents proposed designs of parallel hybrid transmissions with only one electric moto... more This paper presents proposed designs of parallel hybrid transmissions with only one electric motor/generator (MG) and without any rotating clutches. The proposed motor/generator integrated hybrid transmission serves to regulate the engine's effective gear ratio (engine rotational velocity versus vehicle velocity) by mixing the engine and electric motor powers through a power controlling device. The proposed design provides some of the benefits and flexibility of a power-split design but using conventional available components in a simpler mechanical layout that makes the design compact, mechanically simple, and operationally flexible. Three commonly used transmission gear sets are used for this purpose; Simpson, Ravigneaux, and Type-6206 gear sets. With an electronic control unit, eight major modes of operation including a regenerative braking capability are shown to be feasible in the proposed hybrid transmission; one electric motor mode, two engine modes, two engine/charge mod...

‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ً ‫أوﻻ‬... more ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ً ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬. ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫هﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ‬. ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫هﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﺔ‬. ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫أﺿﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫هﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬ : ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺠﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮآﺒﻴﻪ‬. ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ‫وأﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰوم‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﺮع‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ً ‫وﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫آﻮآﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻵﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻄﻂ‬ ً ‫أﺑﺘﺪاء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮوس‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ‬. ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫آﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻋﺘﺒﺎرهﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬. ‫ﺑﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﻗﺘﺮاح‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وأﺧﻴﺮا‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫راﺟ‬ ‫...

This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance methods for the analysis of two... more This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance methods for the analysis of two- input epicyclic-type transmission trains. A method for the derivation of the velocity ratio of an epicyclic gear train in a symbolic form is developed. A single kinematic equation is derived to study the kinematic characteristics of fundamental gear entities. The method relies on previous

A new methodology is developed to design and optimize epicyclic -type automatic transmission gear... more A new methodology is developed to design and optimize epicyclic -type automatic transmission gear trains using kinematic nomographs. From such nomographs, the kinematic characteristics of an epicyclic gear mechanism can be expressed in terms of the gear ratios of its gear pairs. The main properties of this methodology are that; from a single nomograph, the angular velocities for all of

Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, some of the related... more Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, some of the related configurations are still far from attaining maximum sequential velocity ratios. This work in part will attempt to attain the maximum possible velocity ratios for any given epicyclic gear train. A methodology for the design of two-ring Ravigneaux-type epicyclic gear transmissions for automobiles is presented. First, based on the kinematic nomographs of the corresponding basic gear ratios, clutching-sequences are enumerated. Second, a planar-graph representation is used to arrange the desired clutches for each possible clutching sequence into the epicyclic gear mechanism. Then, with the above methods, the designs of the epicylic gear mechanisms are given for demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Next, following the general trend of increased shift stages and a wider range of velocity ratios, new six-, seven-and eight-velocity automatic transmissions are enumerated fro...

This paper describes a Engineering. The objective of the project is to manufacture a laboratory d... more This paper describes a Engineering. The objective of the project is to manufacture a laboratory device to teach technical know-how and to deepen theoretical understanding of mechanism analysis. First, a four-bar linka software, then an experimental setup is manufactured and tested for use in the training of students in mechanical engineering laboratories. The characteristics of the four bar linkage used in the windscreen wip system is converted into an automatic system. An Arduino microcontroller is used with a rain sensor to estimate the rain intensity and to operate the wipers motor at the appropriate speed in an experimental setup features of Design Thinking (DT) and Project studies dealing with real-world problems can be useful in giving students confidence in their abilities, skills, and knowledge. Keyword: Arduino Uno, Mechanism Analysis, Project Cite this Article: Essam L. Esmail, Anahed H. Juber and Haider A. Hussap, Reconfigurable Four-Bar Linkages For Mechanism Design Labo...

Mechanism and Machine Theory, Sep 1, 2022

Mechanism and Machine Theory, Mar 1, 2018

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

This paper presents a review of the relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting ... more This paper presents a review of the relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting on passive tillage tool in term of soil-tool interaction. Scientifically, the horizontal force is one of the draft force components, but sometimes in the literature refers to the horizontal force as the draft force. This difference needs clarifying.

Volume 8A: 45th Mechanisms and Robotics Conference (MR), 2021

One of the most important steps in the structural synthesis of planetary gear trains is to elimin... more One of the most important steps in the structural synthesis of planetary gear trains is to eliminate degenerate structures. First, the graph theory is used to represent planetary gear trains (PGTs). Second, a procedure is developed to identify fundamental geared entities (FGEs). Further, the single-planet FGEs are shown to have one-DOF and, therefore, cannot constitute a degenerate structure. It is this that allows a significant reduction in the calculation in relation to other methods of diagnosing degenerate structures. Third, using the concepts of FGEs and the notation of the associated adjacency matrix, an algorithm is developed for the detection of degenerate structures in PGTs. The algorithm is based on the fact that any degenerate structure is a PGT formed by two fundamental geared entities with common edges and/or vertices equal to or more than 3. Forth, the concept of connectivity between single-planet FGEs is introduced and a simple, straightforward approach for deducting ...

Mağallaẗ al-qādisiyyaẗ li-l-ʻulūm al-handasiyyaẗ, Jul 30, 2022

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2023

Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

The various graphical representations of planetary gear trains (PGTs), including basic assumption... more The various graphical representations of planetary gear trains (PGTs), including basic assumptions and graph rules, are first reviewed in this paper. They revealed that they had close relationships. Their similarity has stimulated the development of a unified graphical representation. When there is a multiple joints in a graph, it can be reconfigured without affecting the information contained in the graph. To accomplish this, a rooted graph in which a multiple joint represents either the housing of the mechanism and/or a transfer vertex of a multi-planet fundamental geared entity is employed.

3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021), 2022

Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2018

This study contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for the torque and power fl... more This study contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for the torque and power flow analyses of two-input epicyclic gear mechanisms (EGMs) with or without reaction link, based upon the concept of fundamental circuit. The studies on power flow analysis of EGMs are mostly done in the context of efficiency formulations. In the opinion of the authors, the design process of two-input mechanism involves not only finding the configuration that provides the correct velocity ratios, but also meets other dynamic and kinematic requirements and ensures that the two inputs have a mutually constructive nature. To demonstrate the analysis, a new motor/generator integrated hybrid transmission design is used to show how the torque acting on each link of an epicyclic gear train (EGT) can be systematically solved in terms of input torque(s) and/or controlled output torque. This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance approaches for the analysis of two-input epicycl...

A methodology is presented for obtaining the analytical expressions for the efficiency of two-inp... more A methodology is presented for obtaining the analytical expressions for the efficiency of two-input planetary gear pair entities. The method is based on relative velocities, torque ratios and the concept of rolling and coupling powers. The torque ratios, which are obtained from the rolling powers, allows obtaining the efficiency expressions in a simpler manner. The formulas deduced for the estimation of efficiency in two-degree-of freedom GPE are not in complete agreement with those reported by Pennestri and Fredenstein. New efficiency formulas which cover operating conditions not considered previously, are deduced. The operating speed ranges are also determined.

This paper presents proposed designs of parallel hybrid transmissions with only one electric moto... more This paper presents proposed designs of parallel hybrid transmissions with only one electric motor/generator (MG) and without any rotating clutches. The proposed motor/generator integrated hybrid transmission serves to regulate the engine's effective gear ratio (engine rotational velocity versus vehicle velocity) by mixing the engine and electric motor powers through a power controlling device. The proposed design provides some of the benefits and flexibility of a power-split design but using conventional available components in a simpler mechanical layout that makes the design compact, mechanically simple, and operationally flexible. Three commonly used transmission gear sets are used for this purpose; Simpson, Ravigneaux, and Type-6206 gear sets. With an electronic control unit, eight major modes of operation including a regenerative braking capability are shown to be feasible in the proposed hybrid transmission; one electric motor mode, two engine modes, two engine/charge mod...

‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ً ‫أوﻻ‬... more ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ً ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ً ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬. ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫هﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﻪ‬. ‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫هﺬا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﺔ‬. ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﻩ‬ ‫أﺿﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫هﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬ : ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﺠﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻼت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮآﺒﻴﻪ‬. ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن‬ ‫وأﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰوم‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﺮع‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ً ‫وﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﻪ‬ ‫آﻮآﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻵﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻄﻂ‬ ً ‫أﺑﺘﺪاء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮوس‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻲ‬. ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫آﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫ﻄﻄ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻋﺘﺒﺎرهﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻣﻮﻏﺮاف‬ ‫ﺎت‬. ‫ﺑﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﻗﺘﺮاح‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫وأﺧﻴﺮا‬ ‫ﻄ‬ ‫راﺟ‬ ‫...

This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance methods for the analysis of two... more This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance methods for the analysis of two- input epicyclic-type transmission trains. A method for the derivation of the velocity ratio of an epicyclic gear train in a symbolic form is developed. A single kinematic equation is derived to study the kinematic characteristics of fundamental gear entities. The method relies on previous

A new methodology is developed to design and optimize epicyclic -type automatic transmission gear... more A new methodology is developed to design and optimize epicyclic -type automatic transmission gear trains using kinematic nomographs. From such nomographs, the kinematic characteristics of an epicyclic gear mechanism can be expressed in terms of the gear ratios of its gear pairs. The main properties of this methodology are that; from a single nomograph, the angular velocities for all of

Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, some of the related... more Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, some of the related configurations are still far from attaining maximum sequential velocity ratios. This work in part will attempt to attain the maximum possible velocity ratios for any given epicyclic gear train. A methodology for the design of two-ring Ravigneaux-type epicyclic gear transmissions for automobiles is presented. First, based on the kinematic nomographs of the corresponding basic gear ratios, clutching-sequences are enumerated. Second, a planar-graph representation is used to arrange the desired clutches for each possible clutching sequence into the epicyclic gear mechanism. Then, with the above methods, the designs of the epicylic gear mechanisms are given for demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Next, following the general trend of increased shift stages and a wider range of velocity ratios, new six-, seven-and eight-velocity automatic transmissions are enumerated fro...

This paper describes a Engineering. The objective of the project is to manufacture a laboratory d... more This paper describes a Engineering. The objective of the project is to manufacture a laboratory device to teach technical know-how and to deepen theoretical understanding of mechanism analysis. First, a four-bar linka software, then an experimental setup is manufactured and tested for use in the training of students in mechanical engineering laboratories. The characteristics of the four bar linkage used in the windscreen wip system is converted into an automatic system. An Arduino microcontroller is used with a rain sensor to estimate the rain intensity and to operate the wipers motor at the appropriate speed in an experimental setup features of Design Thinking (DT) and Project studies dealing with real-world problems can be useful in giving students confidence in their abilities, skills, and knowledge. Keyword: Arduino Uno, Mechanism Analysis, Project Cite this Article: Essam L. Esmail, Anahed H. Juber and Haider A. Hussap, Reconfigurable Four-Bar Linkages For Mechanism Design Labo...

A nomograph is a graph, containing several parallel scales graduated for different variables such... more A nomograph is a graph, containing several parallel scales graduated for different variables such that an intersecting straight line enables related values to be read off. With the start of the computer time, nomography has become somewhat out-of-date, but is still valuable in allowing quick and simple visualization of complex planetary gear train problems. Planetary gear Trains have two degrees of freedom which means that the rotations of two of the elements must be specified to completely define the motion of the gear system.