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Water Conservancy Seminar for Developing Countries.

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Research paper thumbnail of Communication in Health Education

Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, s... more Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns, health education, and between doctor and patient. The purpose of disseminating health information is to influence personal health choices by improving health literacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for choosing health promotion material

The mass media are generally considered to include television, radio, news papers, and magazines.... more The mass media are generally considered to include television, radio, news papers, and magazines. The strength of these media for health promotion is that they tend to reach very large audiences. Their weakness, however, is that the audiences reached by mass media are diverse and largely undifferentiated.

Research paper thumbnail of Finding and using of  health information

Educating yourself about your health issues or medical conditions is an important part of managin... more Educating yourself about your health issues or medical conditions is an important part of managing your health. The best place to find health information is from healthcare professionals.

If you are gathering information on a local area for the first time, it would be helpful to share the work, and the findings, with colleagues. Working with colleagues needs to be done in conjunction with establishing links with local people. Gathering and updating all these different kinds of information is an ongoing project for every health promoter.

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying health promotion needs and priorities

Recognition of the needs of people seeking to improve their health. Professional and personal ski... more Recognition of the needs of people seeking to improve their health. Professional and personal skills to meet these needs: competence in promoting health, communication, mutual collaboration and respect, empathy, responsiveness, sensitivity. Commitment and adherence to quality, evidence-based and ethical practice.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of Occupational Therapy in public health and health promotion

More recently, the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) articulated a role for occupa... more More recently, the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) articulated a role for occupational therapists in health promotion (AOTA Commission on Practice, 2001), charging practitioners to promote health and wellness in both individuals and communities through engagement in human occupation to promote healthy lifestyles.

Although occupational therapy practice traditionally focuses on individuals, to evaluate the impact of occupational therapy health promotion programs, the profession will need to assume a greater public health focus.

Research paper thumbnail of Health education and health promotion

Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it in... more Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it includes social, psychological, political, and educational factors. Health education is concerned with informing people about health issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Core activities of public health

Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promotin... more Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiencies through organized community effort.

It is concerned with the health of the whole population and the prevention of disease from which it suffers.

Research paper thumbnail of PUBLIC HEALTH IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physic... more Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of infectious diseases, and organization of health services.

A major difference in perspective between public health and occupational therapy is that public health focuses on groups of people (populations), whereas traditionally, occupational therapy focuses on individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Water sampling and quality control

An analysis of a water supply may be required to find out either water is safe to drink or it nee... more An analysis of a water supply may be required to find out either water is safe to drink or it needs to be treated before consumption. It is important to collect a sample of water representative of the whole supply to achieve the above purpose. Care MUST be taken during sampling, transporting, and storing of sampled water to avoid accidental contamination.

Research paper thumbnail of Water pollution

The ocean and sea amount to about 97% of the waters of the earth. Freshwater is made up of 3%. Ou... more The ocean and sea amount to about 97% of the waters of the earth. Freshwater is made up of 3%. Out of the freshwater 0.8% is accessible to man. Out of the 3% freshwater; 75% of which is locked up in the polar ice caps and in glaciers and quite deep under the earth’s surface as underground water. Remember, Salty water is not suitable for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes. In addition to household uses, water is vital for agriculture, industry, fishery, tourism, etc.

The quality of water used is also being deteriorated as it is getting more and more polluted. In spite of a “good” number of water resources, we have a shortage of usable water. There is a need to optimize the use of water and also conserve surface runoff of water

Research paper thumbnail of Rainwater harvesting

The issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most urgent and signif... more The issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most urgent and significant challenges faced by decision-makers.
Rainwater harvesting is an excellent means of supplementing water for both potable and non-potable purposes. Rainwater harvesting describes processes in which precipitation that falls on a site is diverted, captured, and stored for use on-site, as opposed to allowing it to run off, evaporate, or infiltrate into the soil.

The United Nations indicates that the global population is likely to peak at about 8.9 billion in 2050. There have been profound demographic shifts due to rural-urban migration. Given that many water resources are already being polluted in some regions; significant effort will be required to meet the needs for water. 2.1 billion people globally do not have access to clean, safe drinking water. 3.4 million people die each year from scarce and contaminated water sources. At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with a lack of access to clean water. Rapid population growth, combined with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and water-intensive lifestyles is resulting in a global water crisis.

Research paper thumbnail of Sanitary Well

Groundwater is one of the most important water resources on the planet that can be found in eithe... more Groundwater is one of the most important water resources on the planet that can be found in either the aquifers or the water table. After precipitation, most of the water flows into streams and some of that water percolates into the soil. As gravity pulls the water deeper into the soil layer, it tends to pool on top of the bedrock. The soil immediately above the bedrock becomes fully saturated with water, while the soil just beneath the surface is unsaturated.

The line between saturated soil and unsaturated soil is known as the ​water table. The water below the water table makes up an ​unconfined aquifer​. Confined aquifers​ are reservoirs of water that managed to seep below the confining rock layer (Bedrock). Confined aquifers are connected to the unconfined aquifers in that water from the water table can seep into the confined aquifer.

Research paper thumbnail of Water treatment technology

All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Ea... more All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Earth. Ideally, drinking water should be clear, colorless, and well aerated, with no unpalatable taste or odor, and it should contain no suspended matter, harmful chemical substances, or pathogenic microorganisms. Wastewater discharge from industries, agricultural pollution, municipal wastewater, and poor environmental sanitation are the main sources of water contamination

Water treatment is the removal of those impurities/contaminants which makes the water undesirable for domestic, industrial, and other processes. Depending on the quality and type of water entering a water plant, treatment may vary. To ensure water does not present a health risk, nearly all water sources require treatment before they can be consumed. Replicating the earth’s hydrological cycle in which water is continuously recycled, the treatment enables the same water to be cleansed through several natural processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Diseases associated with water

Diseases related to water and sanitation are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in ... more Diseases related to water and sanitation are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially in children and infants (under 5 years). Water may carry causative agents (pathogens) of communicable diseases of man or provide the right environment for the breeding and propagation of their vectors. The presence of contaminants in water can lead to adverse health effects, including death, disability, illness or disorders.

Contamination of drinking water supplies can occur in the source water as well as in the distribution system after water treatment has already occurred. The causes of water-related diseases include micro-organisms, parasites, toxins, and chemical contamination of water. Water-related disease refers to any significant adverse effects on human health caused directly or indirectly by the condition, or changes in the quantity or quality, of any water.

Research paper thumbnail of Water quality parameters

Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a... more Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals. The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues. Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.

The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Assurance of drinking water safety is a foundation for the prevention and control of waterborne diseases. Hence, a guideline developed by WHO through a vast global consultative process has been introduced for member states to adhere to.

Research paper thumbnail of WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Globally, at least 2 billion people use drinking water sources contaminated with faeces. Microbia... more Globally, at least 2 billion people use drinking water sources contaminated with faeces. Microbial contamination of drinking water as a result of contamination with faeces poses the greatest risk to drinking water safety.
Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks.

Research paper thumbnail of COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY HDOT 210 Sir OAK (ACCRA SCHOOL OF HYGIENE) +233249702470

This course is designed to provide the student with the practical knowledge in the concepts of co... more This course is designed to provide the student with the practical knowledge in the concepts of community, societal structure and the importance of meaningful occupation. Emphasis is laid on WHO model of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and how the therapist could work with other Medical and Dental Team (MDT) members to sustain this community rehabilitation model.
The aim of this course is to make therapy services accessible, acceptable, and affordable in the community setting.

Research paper thumbnail of HUMAN OCCUPATIONS HDOT 104 SIR OAK

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF HUMAN OCCUPATIONS., 2019

This course is designed to provide students with practical knowledge in human mobility in occupat... more This course is designed to provide students with practical knowledge in human mobility in occupational performance as well as learning skills to assess and treat dysfunction in human mobility.

Research paper thumbnail of HUMAN OCCUPATIONS - LECTURE NOTES BY SIR OAK.pdf

Water Conservancy Seminar for Developing Countries.

Research paper thumbnail of Communication in Health Education

Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, s... more Health communication is the study and practice of communicating promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns, health education, and between doctor and patient. The purpose of disseminating health information is to influence personal health choices by improving health literacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for choosing health promotion material

The mass media are generally considered to include television, radio, news papers, and magazines.... more The mass media are generally considered to include television, radio, news papers, and magazines. The strength of these media for health promotion is that they tend to reach very large audiences. Their weakness, however, is that the audiences reached by mass media are diverse and largely undifferentiated.

Research paper thumbnail of Finding and using of  health information

Educating yourself about your health issues or medical conditions is an important part of managin... more Educating yourself about your health issues or medical conditions is an important part of managing your health. The best place to find health information is from healthcare professionals.

If you are gathering information on a local area for the first time, it would be helpful to share the work, and the findings, with colleagues. Working with colleagues needs to be done in conjunction with establishing links with local people. Gathering and updating all these different kinds of information is an ongoing project for every health promoter.

Research paper thumbnail of Identifying health promotion needs and priorities

Recognition of the needs of people seeking to improve their health. Professional and personal ski... more Recognition of the needs of people seeking to improve their health. Professional and personal skills to meet these needs: competence in promoting health, communication, mutual collaboration and respect, empathy, responsiveness, sensitivity. Commitment and adherence to quality, evidence-based and ethical practice.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of Occupational Therapy in public health and health promotion

More recently, the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) articulated a role for occupa... more More recently, the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) articulated a role for occupational therapists in health promotion (AOTA Commission on Practice, 2001), charging practitioners to promote health and wellness in both individuals and communities through engagement in human occupation to promote healthy lifestyles.

Although occupational therapy practice traditionally focuses on individuals, to evaluate the impact of occupational therapy health promotion programs, the profession will need to assume a greater public health focus.

Research paper thumbnail of Health education and health promotion

Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it in... more Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it includes social, psychological, political, and educational factors. Health education is concerned with informing people about health issues.

Research paper thumbnail of Core activities of public health

Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promotin... more Public health is defined as the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiencies through organized community effort.

It is concerned with the health of the whole population and the prevention of disease from which it suffers.

Research paper thumbnail of PUBLIC HEALTH IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physic... more Public health is the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health, sanitation, personal hygiene, control of infectious diseases, and organization of health services.

A major difference in perspective between public health and occupational therapy is that public health focuses on groups of people (populations), whereas traditionally, occupational therapy focuses on individuals.

Research paper thumbnail of Water sampling and quality control

An analysis of a water supply may be required to find out either water is safe to drink or it nee... more An analysis of a water supply may be required to find out either water is safe to drink or it needs to be treated before consumption. It is important to collect a sample of water representative of the whole supply to achieve the above purpose. Care MUST be taken during sampling, transporting, and storing of sampled water to avoid accidental contamination.

Research paper thumbnail of Water pollution

The ocean and sea amount to about 97% of the waters of the earth. Freshwater is made up of 3%. Ou... more The ocean and sea amount to about 97% of the waters of the earth. Freshwater is made up of 3%. Out of the freshwater 0.8% is accessible to man. Out of the 3% freshwater; 75% of which is locked up in the polar ice caps and in glaciers and quite deep under the earth’s surface as underground water. Remember, Salty water is not suitable for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes. In addition to household uses, water is vital for agriculture, industry, fishery, tourism, etc.

The quality of water used is also being deteriorated as it is getting more and more polluted. In spite of a “good” number of water resources, we have a shortage of usable water. There is a need to optimize the use of water and also conserve surface runoff of water

Research paper thumbnail of Rainwater harvesting

The issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most urgent and signif... more The issue of supplying adequate water to meet societal needs is one of the most urgent and significant challenges faced by decision-makers.
Rainwater harvesting is an excellent means of supplementing water for both potable and non-potable purposes. Rainwater harvesting describes processes in which precipitation that falls on a site is diverted, captured, and stored for use on-site, as opposed to allowing it to run off, evaporate, or infiltrate into the soil.

The United Nations indicates that the global population is likely to peak at about 8.9 billion in 2050. There have been profound demographic shifts due to rural-urban migration. Given that many water resources are already being polluted in some regions; significant effort will be required to meet the needs for water. 2.1 billion people globally do not have access to clean, safe drinking water. 3.4 million people die each year from scarce and contaminated water sources. At any given time, half of the world’s hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from diseases associated with a lack of access to clean water. Rapid population growth, combined with industrialization, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and water-intensive lifestyles is resulting in a global water crisis.

Research paper thumbnail of Sanitary Well

Groundwater is one of the most important water resources on the planet that can be found in eithe... more Groundwater is one of the most important water resources on the planet that can be found in either the aquifers or the water table. After precipitation, most of the water flows into streams and some of that water percolates into the soil. As gravity pulls the water deeper into the soil layer, it tends to pool on top of the bedrock. The soil immediately above the bedrock becomes fully saturated with water, while the soil just beneath the surface is unsaturated.

The line between saturated soil and unsaturated soil is known as the ​water table. The water below the water table makes up an ​unconfined aquifer​. Confined aquifers​ are reservoirs of water that managed to seep below the confining rock layer (Bedrock). Confined aquifers are connected to the unconfined aquifers in that water from the water table can seep into the confined aquifer.

Research paper thumbnail of Water treatment technology

All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Ea... more All living things require clean, uncontaminated water as the most crucial compound for life on Earth. Ideally, drinking water should be clear, colorless, and well aerated, with no unpalatable taste or odor, and it should contain no suspended matter, harmful chemical substances, or pathogenic microorganisms. Wastewater discharge from industries, agricultural pollution, municipal wastewater, and poor environmental sanitation are the main sources of water contamination

Water treatment is the removal of those impurities/contaminants which makes the water undesirable for domestic, industrial, and other processes. Depending on the quality and type of water entering a water plant, treatment may vary. To ensure water does not present a health risk, nearly all water sources require treatment before they can be consumed. Replicating the earth’s hydrological cycle in which water is continuously recycled, the treatment enables the same water to be cleansed through several natural processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Diseases associated with water

Diseases related to water and sanitation are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in ... more Diseases related to water and sanitation are the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially in children and infants (under 5 years). Water may carry causative agents (pathogens) of communicable diseases of man or provide the right environment for the breeding and propagation of their vectors. The presence of contaminants in water can lead to adverse health effects, including death, disability, illness or disorders.

Contamination of drinking water supplies can occur in the source water as well as in the distribution system after water treatment has already occurred. The causes of water-related diseases include micro-organisms, parasites, toxins, and chemical contamination of water. Water-related disease refers to any significant adverse effects on human health caused directly or indirectly by the condition, or changes in the quantity or quality, of any water.

Research paper thumbnail of Water quality parameters

Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a... more Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals. The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues. Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.

The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Assurance of drinking water safety is a foundation for the prevention and control of waterborne diseases. Hence, a guideline developed by WHO through a vast global consultative process has been introduced for member states to adhere to.

Research paper thumbnail of WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Globally, at least 2 billion people use drinking water sources contaminated with faeces. Microbia... more Globally, at least 2 billion people use drinking water sources contaminated with faeces. Microbial contamination of drinking water as a result of contamination with faeces poses the greatest risk to drinking water safety.
Safe and readily available water is important for public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purposes. Improved water supply and sanitation, and better management of water resources, can boost countries’ economic growth and can contribute greatly to poverty reduction.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks.

Research paper thumbnail of COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY HDOT 210 Sir OAK (ACCRA SCHOOL OF HYGIENE) +233249702470

This course is designed to provide the student with the practical knowledge in the concepts of co... more This course is designed to provide the student with the practical knowledge in the concepts of community, societal structure and the importance of meaningful occupation. Emphasis is laid on WHO model of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and how the therapist could work with other Medical and Dental Team (MDT) members to sustain this community rehabilitation model.
The aim of this course is to make therapy services accessible, acceptable, and affordable in the community setting.

Research paper thumbnail of HUMAN OCCUPATIONS HDOT 104 SIR OAK

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF HUMAN OCCUPATIONS., 2019

This course is designed to provide students with practical knowledge in human mobility in occupat... more This course is designed to provide students with practical knowledge in human mobility in occupational performance as well as learning skills to assess and treat dysfunction in human mobility.

Research paper thumbnail of HUMAN OCCUPATIONS - LECTURE NOTES BY SIR OAK.pdf

Research paper thumbnail of PUBLIC HEALTH FOR OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST (HDOT 201

The course focuses on the blend of the traditional Occupational Therapy practice which focus on i... more The course focuses on the blend of the traditional Occupational Therapy practice which focus on individual intervention and public health intervention which focus on a population. Emphasis is placed on underlying theories and the scientific and social bases for public health practice, plus the impact of Occupational Therapy concerns on society. Professional disciplines, organizations, and methods that interact to improve the public’s health are addressed.

Research paper thumbnail of Health education and health promotion

Health Education Journal, 1990

Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it in... more Health promotion is concerned with promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing illness and it includes social, psychological, political, and educational factors. Health education is concerned with informing people about health issues.