Gideon Sagoe | China University of Geosciences(Wuhan) (original) (raw)
Papers by Gideon Sagoe
Detritus, Jun 17, 2024
Household hazardous waste (HHW) refers to waste generated at the household level that can pose a ... more Household hazardous waste (HHW) refers to waste generated at the household level that can pose a danger to public and environmental health if not managed properly. The amount of waste, including HHW, has been increasing due to urbanisation, rising income levels, and changes in lifestyles. Unfortunately, most households are not aware of the potential risks associated with this waste, despite the serious health and environmental hazards it can pose. This creates a conundrum which this study seeks to unpack. A mixed-method approach addressed this gap, including a policy dialogue and a survey of 1,245 Greater Accra Metropolitan Area respondents. From the findings, most respondents disposed of aerosol cans, disposable sharps, unused or expired medication/drugs, fluorescent tubes and LED bulbs, and electronic waste as part of their household waste. Significantly, it was concerning that 68% of participants were unaware of the potential health hazards associated with improper disposal of HHW. Based on empirical evidence, the awareness levels were affected by gender, education level, and occupation. To address the issue of HHW and reduce its harmful impact on the environment and public health, it is essential to implement policies that encourage waste segregation, establish product stewardship programs, and conduct targeted education campaigns. These actions will help raise awareness about the significance of proper HHW disposal. Additionally, it is vital to have a strong political will to effectively enforce legislation that supports the shift towards more sustainable waste management practices, thus promoting sustainable development.
Sustainability
Wastewater management remains a major challenge in developing countries due to the lack of adequa... more Wastewater management remains a major challenge in developing countries due to the lack of adequate infrastructure, making the need for economically viable and efficient technologies that can be sustained by emerging economies imperative. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor represents an efficient and low-cost technology that produces by-products from which valuable resources can be recovered. This study assessed the energy recovery potential in the form of electricity from biogas and sludge by-products produced by a full-scale UASB reactor. Biogas production rate and composition were monitored to determine the biogas energy recovery potential. Dehydrated sludge from sludge drying beds was likewise quantified and characterised for its elemental composition, immediate composition, gross calorific value and net calorific value to estimate sludge energy recovery potential. The average daily biogas production was found to be 611 ± 275 Nm3/d, with 65% methane in the biogas...
GeoJournal, Nov 16, 2022
In 2018, the government of Ghana set out to reorganise some administrative regions to ensure bala... more In 2018, the government of Ghana set out to reorganise some administrative regions to ensure balanced development across the country. The reorganisation was informed by spatial extent and concerns about the limited access to government institutions or services, measured by the travel distances between communities or towns and the capital of a region. However, studies have failed to assess the changes in the spatial extent and the travel distances from human settlements to the regional capitals in the newly created regions as well as the distribution of public services. As such, the motivation for this study. The data were gathered using an interview guide and from the Mapcruzin open-source database whereas the analysis was done using ArcMap, Geographical Information Systems, descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and thematic analysis. The results indicate that the reorganisation significantly decreased the average travel distances in all the regions of interest, and the same was observed at the district and municipality levels, which suggests a general improvement in accessibility to services and institutions. However, the average travel distance rose for a few affected districts and municipalities. To achieve balanced development, the government must improve the transportation network to facilitate better access to public services.
Heliyon, 2022
Poor wastewater management remains a critical health and environmental challenge in most developi... more Poor wastewater management remains a critical health and environmental challenge in most developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of adequate infrastructure for collection and treatment. This study evaluated the performance and methane production of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of capacity 18000 m3/d, with post-treatment unit: trickling filters followed by final settling tanks for municipal wastewater treatment in Ghana. Data was collected on operational conditions and physicochemical parameters of wastewater (influent and effluent) over a period of 35 weeks in 2021 (from January to August). The influent biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD:COD) ratio was 0.58 ± 0.16, indicating the presence of highly biodegradable compounds in the sewage. Operational conditions for the UASB reactors were observed to be within the optimal range for anaerobic systems, with an applied organic loading rate of 1.30 ± 0.79 kgCOD/m3/d. Generally, Plant performance was satisfactory with carbon removal at 93% for COD and 98% for BOD. Biogas yield was 0.2 m3/kgCOD removed, culminating in an average biogas production rate of 831.6 ± 292.7 m3/d. Average methane composition was 64.7 ± 11.9% of the biogas output, whilst an estimated 35% of the methane generated remained dissolved in the UASB effluent. The UASB reactor presents an efficient technology that can be implemented in developing countries for effective and sustainable wastewater management.
Journal of Hydrology, 2022
As low-grade lithium (Li) extraction technology improves, Li-rich geothermal fluids may become an... more As low-grade lithium (Li) extraction technology improves, Li-rich geothermal fluids may become an alternative Li source in the future. Most geothermal springs in southern Tibet, China, have notably high Li contents, but the fluids’ Li origins and enrichment processes remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the Li enrichment mechanisms in the study area based on 307 hydrogeochemical data of thermal spring waters selected from the literature. Our findings confirm that most Li-enriched geothermal springs in southern Tibet are chemically influenced by magma. Also, K-Mg and chalcedony geothermometers’ estimates indicated that most of the springs originate from shallow reservoirs with temperatures below 200 °C, although some higher temperature deep reservoirs may exist beneath Tibet. Moreover, we found that two hydrochemical processes mainly resulted in the relatively high Li concentrations in southern Tibet’s thermal fluids. First, magmatic Li enrichment resulted from the semi-molten state magma degassing rather than leaching from the surrounding rocks in the deeper reservoirs. Subsequent mixing of the Li-rich deep fluids with varying amounts of infiltrating groundwater formed the shallow reservoirs during ascent to the earth’s surface resulting in the observed differences in Li concentrations of the thermal springs from these reservoirs. Secondly, evaporation further concentrated the Li in the Li-rich geothermal springs in southern Tibet, resulting in higher Li levels than in other magmatic thermal springs. The present study could not establish the Li source for the Tibet thermal springs with low Cl concentrations because they may mix with large amounts of infiltrating groundwater; however, it is more likely that magmatic Li still accounts for a large portion of the total Li.
Journal of Hydrology, 2022
Geothermics, 2021
Abstract Lithium-related geothermometers are relatively rarely used because they are based on emp... more Abstract Lithium-related geothermometers are relatively rarely used because they are based on empirical relations derived from poorly known water-mineral equilibrium reactions and do not always give valid estimations. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers based on hydrochemical data for geothermal waters from nine geothermal systems in felsic reservoirs in China. The results indicate that the Na-Li geothermometer provided by Michard (1990), which is similar to those given by Fouillac and Michard (1981) and Verma and Santoyo (1997) with Cl
This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities again... more This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities against 9 control communities in disaster-prone areas in northern Ghana. We extracted community-specific data on patient-reported cases of WASH-related diseases from health facilities in the study areas. Also, we used key informant interviews and household questionnaires to seek information for validation. The impact was measured using the before-after study with concurrent control (BAC) method of Health Impact Evaluation in WASH interventions. The findings indicate a substantial increase in the number of WASH facilities across the intervention communities. However, some respondents complained of access to inadequate quantities and increase downtime of water systems when there is a breakdown. Access to improved sanitation facilities was still a challenge, although a steady increase in the number of household access to latrines was observed. We extracted about 2,315 reported cases of WASH-rela...
Post-colonial land tenure reforms in emerging countries have partly aimed at poverty reduction th... more Post-colonial land tenure reforms in emerging countries have partly aimed at poverty reduction through equitable land access. However, the poverty rate keeps rising in rural and peri-urban settings in Sub-Saharan Africa dominated by agricultural activities. This article reviews land tenure reforms in Mali, from the year 2000 to 2017 regarding poverty alleviation and evaluates their impacts on indigenous smallholder farmers, using multiple linear and logistic regression models and local experts’ elicitations. The results indicate that the advent of land titles as the only definitive evidence of land ownership, following the reforms, has generally weakened customary land management. Smallholder farmers face several barriers to obtaining land titles, limiting equity in land access and security. This has paved way for land markets marred by irregularities and resulted in colossal loss of agricultural lands, which are the main source of rural livelihood. Thus, the reforms have not yielde...
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2019
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2018
The unquestionable benefits of employee engagement and the ill-effects of disengagement (EE) have... more The unquestionable benefits of employee engagement and the ill-effects of disengagement (EE) have necessitated further investigation within the field of human resource management and the wider organizational studies domain. This study sought to measure the perception of employees at a Commercial Bank in Jamaica, on how various practices in the organization, such as human resource management practices (HRMPs), the ethical climate (OEC), and corporate sustainability (CS) affected their engagement. Based on the responses of 130 employees who responded to a self-administered questionnaire hosted online, it was shown quantitatively that employee tenure in an organization affects their engagement, as employees with less than one year, and more than ten years of service with the organization were more engaged. Also, the results indicated that both HRMPs and initiatives and strategies on CS had influence on employees’ behaviour and subsequently their engagement and the predictor effects wer...
Geothermics, 2019
Abstract Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the year... more Abstract Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the years to estimate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs, there are limitations regarding their practical applications. In order to obtain more reliable reservoir temperature estimates, the limitations and the advantages of classical geothermometers must be realized and understood prior to their selection and application. In this study, the hydrogeochemical data for 239 water samples from geothermal wells drilled into crystalline basement reservoirs across the world were collated and analyzed to obtain the applicability conditions of K-related classical geothermometers from the scientific literature. Of these samples, 44 are of special interest being unaffected by mixing and because their reservoir temperature is known. The study shows that generally, the Na-K geothermometer gives valid estimates of reservoir temperatures above 200 °C. However, that is not the case in lower-temperature reservoirs since the equilibrium between albite, K-feldspar, and the aqueous solution is not always achieved, and the Na-K ratio of the primary fluids in the host reservoirs may change due to mixing taking place during the ascent of these thermal waters which have relatively low Na and K concentrations. At high temperatures, especially above 250 °C, reservoir temperature calculations for the use of the K-Mg geothermometer showed relatively large deviations from the measured temperatures. The K-Mg geothermometer seems to work well for mid-low temperature reservoirs (below around 150 °C), and the deviations from the reservoir temperatures probably result from the low activities of clinochlore in chlorites. Moreover, the performance of the K-Mg geothermometer is negatively affected by mixing of the thermal waters with other kinds of groundwater. The Na-K-Ca geothermometer may play a complementary role for evaluating reservoir temperatures above 200 °C but should be applied with caution when calcite precipitation triggered by degassing of the thermal waters takes place.
Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a respo... more Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a response to climate change impacts. Yet, minimal scholarships have explored the sustainability of the urban planning model towards understanding the complexity of the components. Using a two-step triangulation approach, this paper presents a structured overview of the LCC initiative in China as it relates to the transition to a sustainability paradigm. The data collection approach includes a comprehensive review of 238 articles on LCC to identify and categorize LCC components. Furthermore, discourse and framing analysis was used to develop and synthesize a conceptual framework for assimilating the components into four core sustainable development principles: Integration, implementation, equity, and scalability and replicability. The results indicate that LCC development in China is bias towards economic and environmental technological innovations and strategies. Additionally, several critical...
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is ... more The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a high-temperature geothermal system with two main geothermal areas, namely Bogexi and Rekeng. The Rehai geo-thermal field is also a high-temperature geothermal system, with a magmatic heat source which shows geother-mal manifestations similar to those in Batang, especially in the Rekeng area. In this study, we compared the chemical compositions of different thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field with those in the Rehai geo-thermal field, to ascertain whether the thermal spring waters in Batang are also influenced by magma degassing or not. Further, we investigated the hydrogeochemical processes involved in forming the various thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field. We find that the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field are not influenced by magma degassing. Although inorganic carbon, including HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− , is the dominant anion component of most of the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field, SO 4 2− is present in variable amounts. In this area, the mixing of the thermal waters with steam containing some amount of H 2 S generated by metamorphism probably causes the relatively high SO 4 2− concentration in the neutral thermal springs. Also, beneath the Rekeng area, there is a deep reservoir with the temperature of about 180 °C; a shallow reservoir of a relatively low temperature of about 75 °C was also identified in the eastern part. About half of the thermal spring waters in Rekeng directly originate in the deep reservoir, mixing with little or no snow-melt water and steam. Conversely, no steady reservoir exists beneath the Bogexi area. We attribute the high levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) in the thermal spring waters in the Bogexi area to the carbonate geologic stratum distributed at the outlets of the springs.
Geothermics
The Kangding geothermal field, located in western China, is a high-temperature geothermal system ... more The Kangding geothermal field, located in western China, is a high-temperature geothermal system potentially rich in geothermal resources. In this study, we employed various hydrogeochemical methods to gain more insight into the heat source and cooling processes involved in forming various thermal springs in the geothermal field. The study showed that though the majority of the samples analyzed were immature in terms of mineral-aqueous equilibria, coupling classical geothermometers with the FixAl method enabled more reliable reservoir temperature estimations. A deduction from the silica-carbonate, the chloride-enthalpy, and the silica-enthalpy mixing models indicated that the parent geothermal fluid exists beneath this study area. The thermal waters discharged from the Kangding geothermal field originate in the same deep reservoir; and the parent geothermal fluid has a temperature of about 260 °C, with a Cl − concentration of 1056 mg/L. Isotope (δD and δ 18 O) studies confirmed the magmatic heat effect on the parent geothermal fluid. Also, though all the thermal spring waters in the field are derived from the parent fluid, they undergo different cooling processes during ascent to the earth's surface. However, the thermal spring waters in both the Yulingong and Erdaoqiao geothermal sites were mainly formed by the mixing of the parent geothermal fluid and infiltrating groundwater. The thermal spring waters in the Erdaoqiao also had the highest levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) due to the presence of carbonate in its geologic stratum. The thermal springs at Zhonggu formed as a result of the " CO 2 condensate " , consisting of snow-melt water and meteoric water, mixing with the deep parent geothermal fluid. We attribute the absence of acid springs in the Kangding geothermal setting to the deep-seated magma chamber and a relatively small concentration of H 2 S in the deep thermal waters in the area.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
Classical geothermometers are useful tools for estimating reservoir temperatures of geothermal sy... more Classical geothermometers are useful tools for estimating reservoir temperatures of geothermal systems. However , their application to low-medium temperature reservoirs is limited because large variations of temperatures calculated by different classical geothermometers are usually observed. In order to help choose the most appropriate classical geothermometer for calculating the temperatures of low-medium temperature reservoirs, this study evaluated the mineral-aqueous equilibria of typical low-medium temperature felsic reservoirs in the Yangbajing geothermal field and Guangdong geothermal fields. The findings of this study support that reservoirs in the Guangdong geothermal fields have no direct magma influence. Also, natural reservoirs may represent the intermediate steady state before reaching full equilibrium, which rarely occurs. For the low-medium temperature geothermal systems without the influence of magma, even with seawater intrusion, the process of minerals reaching mineral-aqueous equilibrium is sequential: chlorite and chalcedony are the first, then followed by K-feldspar, kaolinite and K-mica. Chlorite may reach equilibrium at varying activity values, and the equilibrium between K-feldspar and kaolinite or K-feldspar and K-mica can fix the contents of K and Al in the solutions. Although the SiO 2 and Al attain equilibrium state, albite and laumontite remain unsaturated and thus may affect low-medium temperature calculations. In this study, the chalcedony geothermometer was found to be the most suitable geothermometer for low-medium temperature reservoirs. The results of K-Mg geothermometer may be useful to complement that of the chalcedony geothermometer in low-medium temperature reservoir systems. Na-K geothermometer will give unreliable results at low-medium temperatures; and Na-K-Ca will also be unsuitable to calculate reservoir temperatures lower than 180 °C, probably caused by the chemical imbalance of laumontite.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is ... more The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a high-temperature geothermal system with two main geothermal areas, namely Bogexi and Rekeng. The Rehai geo-thermal field is also a high-temperature geothermal system, with a magmatic heat source which shows geother-mal manifestations similar to those in Batang, especially in the Rekeng area. In this study, we compared the chemical compositions of different thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field with those in the Rehai geo-thermal field, to ascertain whether the thermal spring waters in Batang are also influenced by magma degassing or not. Further, we investigated the hydrogeochemical processes involved in forming the various thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field. We find that the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field are not influenced by magma degassing. Although inorganic carbon, including HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− , is the dominant anion component of most of the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field, SO 4 2− is present in variable amounts. In this area, the mixing of the thermal waters with steam containing some amount of H 2 S generated by metamorphism probably causes the relatively high SO 4 2− concentration in the neutral thermal springs. Also, beneath the Rekeng area, there is a deep reservoir with the temperature of about 180 °C; a shallow reservoir of a relatively low temperature of about 75 °C was also identified in the eastern part. About half of the thermal spring waters in Rekeng directly originate in the deep reservoir, mixing with little or no snow-melt water and steam. Conversely, no steady reservoir exists beneath the Bogexi area. We attribute the high levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) in the thermal spring waters in the Bogexi area to the carbonate geologic stratum distributed at the outlets of the springs.
Detritus, Jun 17, 2024
Household hazardous waste (HHW) refers to waste generated at the household level that can pose a ... more Household hazardous waste (HHW) refers to waste generated at the household level that can pose a danger to public and environmental health if not managed properly. The amount of waste, including HHW, has been increasing due to urbanisation, rising income levels, and changes in lifestyles. Unfortunately, most households are not aware of the potential risks associated with this waste, despite the serious health and environmental hazards it can pose. This creates a conundrum which this study seeks to unpack. A mixed-method approach addressed this gap, including a policy dialogue and a survey of 1,245 Greater Accra Metropolitan Area respondents. From the findings, most respondents disposed of aerosol cans, disposable sharps, unused or expired medication/drugs, fluorescent tubes and LED bulbs, and electronic waste as part of their household waste. Significantly, it was concerning that 68% of participants were unaware of the potential health hazards associated with improper disposal of HHW. Based on empirical evidence, the awareness levels were affected by gender, education level, and occupation. To address the issue of HHW and reduce its harmful impact on the environment and public health, it is essential to implement policies that encourage waste segregation, establish product stewardship programs, and conduct targeted education campaigns. These actions will help raise awareness about the significance of proper HHW disposal. Additionally, it is vital to have a strong political will to effectively enforce legislation that supports the shift towards more sustainable waste management practices, thus promoting sustainable development.
Sustainability
Wastewater management remains a major challenge in developing countries due to the lack of adequa... more Wastewater management remains a major challenge in developing countries due to the lack of adequate infrastructure, making the need for economically viable and efficient technologies that can be sustained by emerging economies imperative. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor represents an efficient and low-cost technology that produces by-products from which valuable resources can be recovered. This study assessed the energy recovery potential in the form of electricity from biogas and sludge by-products produced by a full-scale UASB reactor. Biogas production rate and composition were monitored to determine the biogas energy recovery potential. Dehydrated sludge from sludge drying beds was likewise quantified and characterised for its elemental composition, immediate composition, gross calorific value and net calorific value to estimate sludge energy recovery potential. The average daily biogas production was found to be 611 ± 275 Nm3/d, with 65% methane in the biogas...
GeoJournal, Nov 16, 2022
In 2018, the government of Ghana set out to reorganise some administrative regions to ensure bala... more In 2018, the government of Ghana set out to reorganise some administrative regions to ensure balanced development across the country. The reorganisation was informed by spatial extent and concerns about the limited access to government institutions or services, measured by the travel distances between communities or towns and the capital of a region. However, studies have failed to assess the changes in the spatial extent and the travel distances from human settlements to the regional capitals in the newly created regions as well as the distribution of public services. As such, the motivation for this study. The data were gathered using an interview guide and from the Mapcruzin open-source database whereas the analysis was done using ArcMap, Geographical Information Systems, descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, and thematic analysis. The results indicate that the reorganisation significantly decreased the average travel distances in all the regions of interest, and the same was observed at the district and municipality levels, which suggests a general improvement in accessibility to services and institutions. However, the average travel distance rose for a few affected districts and municipalities. To achieve balanced development, the government must improve the transportation network to facilitate better access to public services.
Heliyon, 2022
Poor wastewater management remains a critical health and environmental challenge in most developi... more Poor wastewater management remains a critical health and environmental challenge in most developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of adequate infrastructure for collection and treatment. This study evaluated the performance and methane production of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of capacity 18000 m3/d, with post-treatment unit: trickling filters followed by final settling tanks for municipal wastewater treatment in Ghana. Data was collected on operational conditions and physicochemical parameters of wastewater (influent and effluent) over a period of 35 weeks in 2021 (from January to August). The influent biochemical oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD:COD) ratio was 0.58 ± 0.16, indicating the presence of highly biodegradable compounds in the sewage. Operational conditions for the UASB reactors were observed to be within the optimal range for anaerobic systems, with an applied organic loading rate of 1.30 ± 0.79 kgCOD/m3/d. Generally, Plant performance was satisfactory with carbon removal at 93% for COD and 98% for BOD. Biogas yield was 0.2 m3/kgCOD removed, culminating in an average biogas production rate of 831.6 ± 292.7 m3/d. Average methane composition was 64.7 ± 11.9% of the biogas output, whilst an estimated 35% of the methane generated remained dissolved in the UASB effluent. The UASB reactor presents an efficient technology that can be implemented in developing countries for effective and sustainable wastewater management.
Journal of Hydrology, 2022
As low-grade lithium (Li) extraction technology improves, Li-rich geothermal fluids may become an... more As low-grade lithium (Li) extraction technology improves, Li-rich geothermal fluids may become an alternative Li source in the future. Most geothermal springs in southern Tibet, China, have notably high Li contents, but the fluids’ Li origins and enrichment processes remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the Li enrichment mechanisms in the study area based on 307 hydrogeochemical data of thermal spring waters selected from the literature. Our findings confirm that most Li-enriched geothermal springs in southern Tibet are chemically influenced by magma. Also, K-Mg and chalcedony geothermometers’ estimates indicated that most of the springs originate from shallow reservoirs with temperatures below 200 °C, although some higher temperature deep reservoirs may exist beneath Tibet. Moreover, we found that two hydrochemical processes mainly resulted in the relatively high Li concentrations in southern Tibet’s thermal fluids. First, magmatic Li enrichment resulted from the semi-molten state magma degassing rather than leaching from the surrounding rocks in the deeper reservoirs. Subsequent mixing of the Li-rich deep fluids with varying amounts of infiltrating groundwater formed the shallow reservoirs during ascent to the earth’s surface resulting in the observed differences in Li concentrations of the thermal springs from these reservoirs. Secondly, evaporation further concentrated the Li in the Li-rich geothermal springs in southern Tibet, resulting in higher Li levels than in other magmatic thermal springs. The present study could not establish the Li source for the Tibet thermal springs with low Cl concentrations because they may mix with large amounts of infiltrating groundwater; however, it is more likely that magmatic Li still accounts for a large portion of the total Li.
Journal of Hydrology, 2022
Geothermics, 2021
Abstract Lithium-related geothermometers are relatively rarely used because they are based on emp... more Abstract Lithium-related geothermometers are relatively rarely used because they are based on empirical relations derived from poorly known water-mineral equilibrium reactions and do not always give valid estimations. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of Na-Li and Li-Mg geothermometers based on hydrochemical data for geothermal waters from nine geothermal systems in felsic reservoirs in China. The results indicate that the Na-Li geothermometer provided by Michard (1990), which is similar to those given by Fouillac and Michard (1981) and Verma and Santoyo (1997) with Cl
This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities again... more This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities against 9 control communities in disaster-prone areas in northern Ghana. We extracted community-specific data on patient-reported cases of WASH-related diseases from health facilities in the study areas. Also, we used key informant interviews and household questionnaires to seek information for validation. The impact was measured using the before-after study with concurrent control (BAC) method of Health Impact Evaluation in WASH interventions. The findings indicate a substantial increase in the number of WASH facilities across the intervention communities. However, some respondents complained of access to inadequate quantities and increase downtime of water systems when there is a breakdown. Access to improved sanitation facilities was still a challenge, although a steady increase in the number of household access to latrines was observed. We extracted about 2,315 reported cases of WASH-rela...
Post-colonial land tenure reforms in emerging countries have partly aimed at poverty reduction th... more Post-colonial land tenure reforms in emerging countries have partly aimed at poverty reduction through equitable land access. However, the poverty rate keeps rising in rural and peri-urban settings in Sub-Saharan Africa dominated by agricultural activities. This article reviews land tenure reforms in Mali, from the year 2000 to 2017 regarding poverty alleviation and evaluates their impacts on indigenous smallholder farmers, using multiple linear and logistic regression models and local experts’ elicitations. The results indicate that the advent of land titles as the only definitive evidence of land ownership, following the reforms, has generally weakened customary land management. Smallholder farmers face several barriers to obtaining land titles, limiting equity in land access and security. This has paved way for land markets marred by irregularities and resulted in colossal loss of agricultural lands, which are the main source of rural livelihood. Thus, the reforms have not yielde...
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2019
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2018
The unquestionable benefits of employee engagement and the ill-effects of disengagement (EE) have... more The unquestionable benefits of employee engagement and the ill-effects of disengagement (EE) have necessitated further investigation within the field of human resource management and the wider organizational studies domain. This study sought to measure the perception of employees at a Commercial Bank in Jamaica, on how various practices in the organization, such as human resource management practices (HRMPs), the ethical climate (OEC), and corporate sustainability (CS) affected their engagement. Based on the responses of 130 employees who responded to a self-administered questionnaire hosted online, it was shown quantitatively that employee tenure in an organization affects their engagement, as employees with less than one year, and more than ten years of service with the organization were more engaged. Also, the results indicated that both HRMPs and initiatives and strategies on CS had influence on employees’ behaviour and subsequently their engagement and the predictor effects wer...
Geothermics, 2019
Abstract Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the year... more Abstract Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the years to estimate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs, there are limitations regarding their practical applications. In order to obtain more reliable reservoir temperature estimates, the limitations and the advantages of classical geothermometers must be realized and understood prior to their selection and application. In this study, the hydrogeochemical data for 239 water samples from geothermal wells drilled into crystalline basement reservoirs across the world were collated and analyzed to obtain the applicability conditions of K-related classical geothermometers from the scientific literature. Of these samples, 44 are of special interest being unaffected by mixing and because their reservoir temperature is known. The study shows that generally, the Na-K geothermometer gives valid estimates of reservoir temperatures above 200 °C. However, that is not the case in lower-temperature reservoirs since the equilibrium between albite, K-feldspar, and the aqueous solution is not always achieved, and the Na-K ratio of the primary fluids in the host reservoirs may change due to mixing taking place during the ascent of these thermal waters which have relatively low Na and K concentrations. At high temperatures, especially above 250 °C, reservoir temperature calculations for the use of the K-Mg geothermometer showed relatively large deviations from the measured temperatures. The K-Mg geothermometer seems to work well for mid-low temperature reservoirs (below around 150 °C), and the deviations from the reservoir temperatures probably result from the low activities of clinochlore in chlorites. Moreover, the performance of the K-Mg geothermometer is negatively affected by mixing of the thermal waters with other kinds of groundwater. The Na-K-Ca geothermometer may play a complementary role for evaluating reservoir temperatures above 200 °C but should be applied with caution when calcite precipitation triggered by degassing of the thermal waters takes place.
Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a respo... more Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a response to climate change impacts. Yet, minimal scholarships have explored the sustainability of the urban planning model towards understanding the complexity of the components. Using a two-step triangulation approach, this paper presents a structured overview of the LCC initiative in China as it relates to the transition to a sustainability paradigm. The data collection approach includes a comprehensive review of 238 articles on LCC to identify and categorize LCC components. Furthermore, discourse and framing analysis was used to develop and synthesize a conceptual framework for assimilating the components into four core sustainable development principles: Integration, implementation, equity, and scalability and replicability. The results indicate that LCC development in China is bias towards economic and environmental technological innovations and strategies. Additionally, several critical...
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is ... more The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a high-temperature geothermal system with two main geothermal areas, namely Bogexi and Rekeng. The Rehai geo-thermal field is also a high-temperature geothermal system, with a magmatic heat source which shows geother-mal manifestations similar to those in Batang, especially in the Rekeng area. In this study, we compared the chemical compositions of different thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field with those in the Rehai geo-thermal field, to ascertain whether the thermal spring waters in Batang are also influenced by magma degassing or not. Further, we investigated the hydrogeochemical processes involved in forming the various thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field. We find that the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field are not influenced by magma degassing. Although inorganic carbon, including HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− , is the dominant anion component of most of the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field, SO 4 2− is present in variable amounts. In this area, the mixing of the thermal waters with steam containing some amount of H 2 S generated by metamorphism probably causes the relatively high SO 4 2− concentration in the neutral thermal springs. Also, beneath the Rekeng area, there is a deep reservoir with the temperature of about 180 °C; a shallow reservoir of a relatively low temperature of about 75 °C was also identified in the eastern part. About half of the thermal spring waters in Rekeng directly originate in the deep reservoir, mixing with little or no snow-melt water and steam. Conversely, no steady reservoir exists beneath the Bogexi area. We attribute the high levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) in the thermal spring waters in the Bogexi area to the carbonate geologic stratum distributed at the outlets of the springs.
Geothermics
The Kangding geothermal field, located in western China, is a high-temperature geothermal system ... more The Kangding geothermal field, located in western China, is a high-temperature geothermal system potentially rich in geothermal resources. In this study, we employed various hydrogeochemical methods to gain more insight into the heat source and cooling processes involved in forming various thermal springs in the geothermal field. The study showed that though the majority of the samples analyzed were immature in terms of mineral-aqueous equilibria, coupling classical geothermometers with the FixAl method enabled more reliable reservoir temperature estimations. A deduction from the silica-carbonate, the chloride-enthalpy, and the silica-enthalpy mixing models indicated that the parent geothermal fluid exists beneath this study area. The thermal waters discharged from the Kangding geothermal field originate in the same deep reservoir; and the parent geothermal fluid has a temperature of about 260 °C, with a Cl − concentration of 1056 mg/L. Isotope (δD and δ 18 O) studies confirmed the magmatic heat effect on the parent geothermal fluid. Also, though all the thermal spring waters in the field are derived from the parent fluid, they undergo different cooling processes during ascent to the earth's surface. However, the thermal spring waters in both the Yulingong and Erdaoqiao geothermal sites were mainly formed by the mixing of the parent geothermal fluid and infiltrating groundwater. The thermal spring waters in the Erdaoqiao also had the highest levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) due to the presence of carbonate in its geologic stratum. The thermal springs at Zhonggu formed as a result of the " CO 2 condensate " , consisting of snow-melt water and meteoric water, mixing with the deep parent geothermal fluid. We attribute the absence of acid springs in the Kangding geothermal setting to the deep-seated magma chamber and a relatively small concentration of H 2 S in the deep thermal waters in the area.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
Classical geothermometers are useful tools for estimating reservoir temperatures of geothermal sy... more Classical geothermometers are useful tools for estimating reservoir temperatures of geothermal systems. However , their application to low-medium temperature reservoirs is limited because large variations of temperatures calculated by different classical geothermometers are usually observed. In order to help choose the most appropriate classical geothermometer for calculating the temperatures of low-medium temperature reservoirs, this study evaluated the mineral-aqueous equilibria of typical low-medium temperature felsic reservoirs in the Yangbajing geothermal field and Guangdong geothermal fields. The findings of this study support that reservoirs in the Guangdong geothermal fields have no direct magma influence. Also, natural reservoirs may represent the intermediate steady state before reaching full equilibrium, which rarely occurs. For the low-medium temperature geothermal systems without the influence of magma, even with seawater intrusion, the process of minerals reaching mineral-aqueous equilibrium is sequential: chlorite and chalcedony are the first, then followed by K-feldspar, kaolinite and K-mica. Chlorite may reach equilibrium at varying activity values, and the equilibrium between K-feldspar and kaolinite or K-feldspar and K-mica can fix the contents of K and Al in the solutions. Although the SiO 2 and Al attain equilibrium state, albite and laumontite remain unsaturated and thus may affect low-medium temperature calculations. In this study, the chalcedony geothermometer was found to be the most suitable geothermometer for low-medium temperature reservoirs. The results of K-Mg geothermometer may be useful to complement that of the chalcedony geothermometer in low-medium temperature reservoir systems. Na-K geothermometer will give unreliable results at low-medium temperatures; and Na-K-Ca will also be unsuitable to calculate reservoir temperatures lower than 180 °C, probably caused by the chemical imbalance of laumontite.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is ... more The Batang geothermal field, located at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is a high-temperature geothermal system with two main geothermal areas, namely Bogexi and Rekeng. The Rehai geo-thermal field is also a high-temperature geothermal system, with a magmatic heat source which shows geother-mal manifestations similar to those in Batang, especially in the Rekeng area. In this study, we compared the chemical compositions of different thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field with those in the Rehai geo-thermal field, to ascertain whether the thermal spring waters in Batang are also influenced by magma degassing or not. Further, we investigated the hydrogeochemical processes involved in forming the various thermal springs in the Batang geothermal field. We find that the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field are not influenced by magma degassing. Although inorganic carbon, including HCO 3 − and CO 3 2− , is the dominant anion component of most of the thermal waters in the Batang geothermal field, SO 4 2− is present in variable amounts. In this area, the mixing of the thermal waters with steam containing some amount of H 2 S generated by metamorphism probably causes the relatively high SO 4 2− concentration in the neutral thermal springs. Also, beneath the Rekeng area, there is a deep reservoir with the temperature of about 180 °C; a shallow reservoir of a relatively low temperature of about 75 °C was also identified in the eastern part. About half of the thermal spring waters in Rekeng directly originate in the deep reservoir, mixing with little or no snow-melt water and steam. Conversely, no steady reservoir exists beneath the Bogexi area. We attribute the high levels of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and TIC (total inorganic carbon) in the thermal spring waters in the Bogexi area to the carbonate geologic stratum distributed at the outlets of the springs.
Geophysical Research Abstracts, 2019
Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the years to esti... more Although potassium-related classical geothermometers have been widely used over the years to estimate
the temperature of geothermal reservoirs, there are limitations regarding their practical applications. In order to
obtain more reliable reservoir temperature estimates, the empirical conclusions on both the limitations and the
advantages of classical geothermometers must be realized and understood prior to their selection and application.
In this study, the hydrogeochemical data of 239 water samples from geothermal wells drilled into crystalline basement
reservoirs were collated and analyzed to obtain the respective applicable conditions of K-related classical
geothermometers from literature across the world. Of these samples, 44 had available measured reservoir temperatures.
The study shows that generally, the Na-K geothermometer gave valid estimates for reservoir temperatures at
above around 200 C. However, that is not the case in lower-temperature reservoirs since the Na-K ion-exchange
equilibrium between albite and K-feldspar is not always achieved and the Na-K ratio in the primary fluids in the
host reservoirs may change due to the mixing processes which occur during the ascent of the thermal waters.
Reservoir temperature calculations by the use of the K-Mg geothermometer at high temperatures, especially at
>250 C, showed relatively large deviations from the measured temperatures. The K-Mg geothermometer seems
to work well for mid-low temperature reservoirs (below around 150 C), and the deviations from the reservoir
temperatures probably result from the activities of clinochlore. The performance of the K-Mg concentration is
however negatively affected by the mixing of the thermal waters with other kinds of groundwater. Similar to the
Na-K geothermometer, the accuracy of the Na-K-Ca geothermometer is also mainly related to the reservoir’s temperature,
which determines the Na-K-Ca equilibrium of the system. The Na-K-Ca geothermometer may play a
complementary role for evaluating reservoir temperatures above 200 C, but should be applied with caution when
degassing of the thermal waters occurs. In the thermal waters from relatively low-temperature reservoirs, the equilibrium
among muscovite, K-feldspar, chlorite and chalcedony seems common while muscovite and K-feldspar
apparently control the concentrations of K+ and Al3+ in their pure phases. Moreover, it is difficult for the Ca- and
Na-bearing minerals to reach equilibrium in the relatively low-temperature reservoirs, consequently leading to invalid
calculations by the Na-K-Ca geothermometer. Lastly, in the relatively high temperature reservoirs, the Na-K
ion-exchange reaction between albite and K-feldspar becomes the main equilibrium system which also controls
K+ concentrations.