Olivia Kimario | Catholic University Of Health And Allied Sciences Bugando (original) (raw)

Papers by Olivia Kimario

East African Scholars Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 2023

Background: Emergencies of the upper aero-digestive tract emergencies (UADTEs) are common in our ... more Background: Emergencies of the upper aero-digestive tract emergencies (UADTEs) are common in our setting, can be life threatening, challenging to the otolaryngologists and yet there is a paucity of clinical studies on these emergencies. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of upper aero-digestive tract emergencies at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: Between January and May 2019, a cross sectional study involving patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of UADTEs was conducted at BMC. Data on sociodemography, clinical presentation, duration of symptoms, time interval between admission and intervention, type of intervention, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay were collected in questionnaire designed for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Joint CUHAS/BMC Research, Ethics and Review Committee. Results: Of 487 ENT emergencies seen during study period, 128 (26.3%) patients had UADTEs. Male outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5: 1. Their median age at presentation was 5 [range, 2-40] years. The major causes of UADTEs were foreign body ingestion, head & neck tumors and foreign body aspiration and cut-throat injuries that were seen in 56(43.8%), 33(25.8%), 25(19.5%) and (3.9%) respectively. The most frequent presentations were dysphagia 81(63.3%), difficulty in breathing 61(47.7%) and odynophagia 56(43.8). Poor outcome following esophagoscopy was associated with younger age (0-17 years) (p=0.02), prolonged duration to treatment (p=0.04) and low blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) (p=0.04). In addition, delayed duration to treatment (p=0.01) and foreign body ingestion (p=0.001) were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay. Conclusion: At Bugando Medical Centre, UADTE pose a serious burden and challenge. Peripheral hospitals should be equipped with trained health workers and basic equipment to resuscitate and manage these patients before they are referred to otolaryngologists.

East African Journal of Health and Science, 2024

Head and neck cancer is among the most common cancers with an increase in number worldwide. It ha... more Head and neck cancer is among the most common cancers with an increase in number worldwide. It has a management challenge due to late-stage presentation. Its epidemiology and characteristics are changing from anatomical to biological due to its viral etiological. This study was done to determine the presentation and factors of head and neck malignancies at Bugando Medical Centre Tanzania. This was an analytical cross-section prospective study involving all patients confirmed
to have head and neck malignancy at Bugando Medical Centre from February to June 2019. A total number of 60 patients (M: F=1.4:1) were studied. The median age was 56 years. The associated factors were the symptoms ranging from 1 to 104 weeks at the first consultation, Late-stage observed among patients coming from the rural areas by 58.3% and those using local medicine at 70%. Low level of education, which was primary education, was leading 51.7%. Those who attended the dispensary for their first consultation had an advanced stage of
disease at presentation. It showed that the dispensary was the preferred centre for the first consultation of the majority at 41%. The major of patients presented at an advanced stage which was 73% and the contributory factor of delayed presentation of head and neck cancer at Bugando Medical Centre was attributed by patients themselves, whereas health care had a small contribution. The main reasons observed were rural settlement, local medication, and low level of education. Training must be conducted at health care providers in dispensaries and health centres on how to suspect patients with HNC at an early stage and refer
them directly to tertiary hospitals without passing through a series of referrals.

International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research, 2024

Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed from... more Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed from generation to generation with the major reason of saving lives. In Tanzania this procedure is commonly done and in the medical universities is taught as one of the procedures that all doctors should know. Tracheostomy is a common emergency lifesaving procedure performed between 21 to 25 patients per year among all patients receiving ENT services (13, 14). Though there is a scarcity in recent data and literature on the magnitude of tracheostomies performed in the lake zone. The most common indication for tracheostomy varies in studies from upper airway obstruction due to trauma, neoplasm, or prolonged intubation (13, 14). The pattern of tracheostomy indications may have changed with time due to advancement in medical practice. However, we lack current data in our setting highlighting indications for tracheostomies performed Methodology: This study aims at finding the epidemiological pattern and clinical indications for tracheostomy patients attending at Bugando medical centre. The engagement was done in a zonal referral hospital serving 6 regions of the country. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which spanned from September 2023 to May 2024. Results: The total number of patients was 35 whereby males were 51.4%(18) and females 48.6% (17).Number of males was slightly higher compared to females by 1.1%.The median age for the patient was 23 years, with the mean age of 20 years. The leading age group with the largest number of patients was 50 to 59 years. Most patients came from rural areas 74 %(26). Among clinical indications for tracheostomy the leading was upper airway obstruction by 65.7%, within which malignancy predominated other conditions by 65.2%, followed by trauma 26.1%, then prolonged intubation. Females showed a significant predominant distribution of malignancies of head and Neck by 60% which were evenly distributed in varying head and neck sites with p value of 0.039 which is statistical significant; with exception of laryngeal malignancies which were observed in males alone accounting for 26.7% in the whole study period. In conclusion this study shows the prevalence of tracheostomy in our environment, which is 1.8% and the clinical indication pattern has changed from trauma in previous studies to upper airway obstruction secondary to neoplastic conditions. It also shows the significance of site of malignancy to its relation to gender and this findings are not found in other studies. Recommendation: Molecular studies are needed to analyze further the differences in subsite in terms of gender.

International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research, 2024

Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed fro... more Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed
from generation to generation with the major reason of saving lives. In Tanzania this procedure is
commonly done and in the medical universities is taught as one of the procedures that all doctors
should know. Tracheostomy is a common emergency lifesaving procedure performed between 21
to 25 patients per year among all patients receiving ENT services (13, 14). Though there is a scarcity
in recent data and literature on the magnitude of tracheostomies performed in the lake zone.
The most common indication for tracheostomy varies in studies from upper airway obstruction due
to trauma, neoplasm, or prolonged intubation (13, 14). The pattern of tracheostomy indications may
have changed with time due to advancement in medical practice. However, we lack current data in
our setting highlighting indications for tracheostomies performed
Methodology: This study aims at finding the epidemiological pattern and clinical indications for
tracheostomy patients attending at Bugando medical centre. The engagement was done in a zonal
referral hospital serving 6 regions of the country. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which
spanned from September 2023 to May 2024.
Results: The total number of patients was 35 whereby males were 51.4%(18) and females 48.6%
(17).Number of males was slightly higher compared to females by 1.1%.The median age for the
patient was 23 years, with the mean age of 20 years. The leading age group with the largest number
of patients was 50 to 59 years. Most patients came from rural areas 74 %(26). Among clinical
indications for tracheostomy the leading was upper airway obstruction by 65.7%, within which
malignancy predominated other conditions by 65.2%, followed by trauma 26.1%, then prolonged
intubation. Females showed a significant predominant distribution of malignancies of head and Neck
by 60% which were evenly distributed in varying head and neck sites with p value of 0.039 which
is statistical significant; with exception of laryngeal malignancies which were observed in males
alone accounting for 26.7% in the whole study period.
In conclusion this study shows the prevalence of tracheostomy in our environment, which is 1.8%
and the clinical indication pattern has changed from trauma in previous studies to upper airway
obstruction secondary to neoplastic conditions. It also shows the significance of site of malignancy
to its relation to gender and this findings are not found in other studies.
Recommendation: Molecular studies are needed to analyze further the differences in subsite in
terms of gende

Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2023

Multi-nodular goitre is very common in our environment. Our environment do covers some parts wit... more Multi-nodular goitre is very common in our environment. Our environment do covers some parts with lack of iodine. Multi-nodular goitre may develop as toxic or non-toxic depending on the thyroid functional status. This disorder has a predilection for females as compared
to males due to their body needs that is more on the reproductive
system. We are presenting 85 years old female reported to our clinic
with complaint of anterior neck swelling for 57 years. The swelling was
of gradual onset associated with difficulties in breathing and swallowing. We did investigate the patient and later on operated the patient,
whereby total thyroidectomy was done. Histopathological results revealed a calcific multi-nodular goitre. We are concluding by teaching
patients to seek medical services whenever see any swelling developing in their body whether it’s painfully or not painfully because chance
of causing obstruction and transformation to malignancies is also highly suspected. This case is the first one of its kind to be operated at our
hospital as the swelling has existed for more than 50 year old.

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

Head and neck cancer are among the most common cancers occurring worldwide.It has challenges in ... more Head and neck cancer are among the most common cancers occurring
worldwide.It has challenges in management as patient presents at late stage
in our environment. This study was done to determine the pattern of head and
neck malignancies and associated factors for late diagnosis for patient
attending Bugando Medical Center Mwanza Tanzania.

East Africa Journal of Health Science, 2024

Background: Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the palatine tonsil and most often occurs in ch... more Background: Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the palatine tonsil and most often occurs in children. Recurrent tonsillitis is defined as more than seven attacks within one year, more than five attacks a year within a two-year period, or more than three attacks a year within a three-year period. The global incidence and prevalence of tonsillitis are not completely known, the research indicates that 15-30% of sore throats in children and 5-10% of sore throats in adults are bacterial tonsillitis. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with span from May 2024 to August 2024. Results: 385 participants were enrolled in the study; 60.8%of the participants were aged from 21 years to 30 years which was the majority. About 317(82.3%) parents/guardians responded that recurrent tonsillitis has an effect on the child's health, whereas 68 (17.7%) reported that recurrent tonsillitis has no effect on the child's health. Complications of recurrent tonsilitis reported to be known by parent /guardian were snoring (sleep apnoea) 111 (28.8%), ear problems like otitis media 2(0.5%), hearing loss 1(0.3%) heart problem (0.8%), renal problem 3(0.8%), affect the growth of the child 6 (1.6%), missing school 11 (2.9%). 183(47.5%) of the study participants reported that they don't know about any complications that their child may get after surgery, while other parents/guardians reported that the child can suffer pain after surgery 99(25.7%), intraoperative or postoperative bleeding 3(0.8%) others reported that the child can get pain during eating 8(2.1%).

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hosp... more This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania, aiming to explore the prevalence, demographic distribution, histological types, and clinical characteristics of pharyngeal malignancies in the region. The study spans from April to December 2015 and includes 438 patients diagnosed with head and neck malignancies, with a specific focus on 114 cases of pharyngeal malignancies. The results provide valuable insights into the age, gender, site, and histological distribution of these malignancies. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows the prevalence of pharyngeal malignancies among head and neck malignancies was 26% with the leading histological type been Squamous cell carcinoma been the predominant in both sexes.

International journal of otolaryngology and head & neck surgery, 2024

EAS journal of medicine and surgery, Nov 28, 2023

East African journal of health & science, Feb 27, 2024

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

Mother’s/caretake`s engagement in neonatal care has clearly beenshown to improve health outcomes ... more Mother’s/caretake`s engagement in neonatal care has clearly beenshown to
improve health outcomes for premature and sick babies in the Neonatal
Intensive Care Units. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which
mothers/caretakers are engaged in the basic care of neonate admitted to the
neonatal units to improve the outcome of the neonate.
It`s a cross sectional study design conducted at Bugando Medical Centre with
study span from September 2022 to October 2022.146 mother/caretake`s
were enrolled in the study period.The median age for neonate was 26days
with the mean birth weight of 2.7kg.Majority of the mothers 89( 61%) were
older than 24years. 94 (64.4%), had more than one parity.
Regarding the reasons for admissions, the majority (81%) were due to
sickness, whereas 19.2% were premature. The overall engagement in the three
domains of neonatal care was 28.1%, nearly equal in the daily care (41.1%),
in the medical care (49.3%), and in closeness and cuddling (35.6%). Slightly
more than half had good practice in the 15 elements of care of the
neonates.We concludes that mothers of the admitted neonates exhibited more
overall skills in the care of the neonates. However, they had low engagement
in the care. This later finding is attributed to the fact that mothers/caretakers
had limited time to spend with their sick ones. We suggest that in order to
achieve quality time between mothers and their newborn babies, nurses
relinquish some of their respectabilities to allow time for mothers /caretakers
stay with their neonates which will enhance bonding.
Keywords: caretaker`s and mother`s engagement,engagement practices and
neonatal care

Epidemiological Patterns of Pharyngeal Malignancies in Tanzania: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, 2024

This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hosp... more This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania, aiming to explore the prevalence, demographic distribution, histological types, and clinical characteristics of pharyngeal malignancies in the region. The study spans from April to December 2015 and includes 438 patients diagnosed with head and neck malignancies, with a specific focus on 114 cases of pharyngeal malignancies. The results provide valuable insights into the age, gender, site, and histological distribution of these malignancies. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows the prevalence of pharyngeal malignancies among head and neck malignancies was 26% with the leading histological type been Squamous cell carcinoma been the predominant in both sexes.

ase Report Survival of Haemophilic Patient in Surgery Case Report, 2022

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. The blood does not clot as it should, which can re... more Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. The blood does not clot as it should, which can result in spontaneous bleeding and bruising after surgery or other injuries. Hemophilia A is an X-linked, recessive disorder caused by deficiency of functional plasma clotting factor VIII, which may be inherited or arise from spontaneous mutation. Hemophilia B, is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder, usually manifested in males and transmitted by females who carry the causative mutation on the X chromosome is a deficiency of factor 1X. We are presenting a case of 34years old man with the complain of bilateral neck swelling for 5days,difficult in swallowing and breathing for 3days.Emergency tracheostomy was done and admitted to the ICU thereafter CT-scan was done and showed retropharyngeal swelling. The excision of the mass was done whereby hematoma was evacuated. Patient was admitted to the ICU for about two weeks then transfer to the wards. The laboratory test revealed deficiency of factor V111.

EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery

Pancreatic cysts are usually asymptomatic over 70% of the time. They can be benign or malignant. ... more Pancreatic cysts are usually asymptomatic over 70% of the time. They can be benign or malignant. Enhanced imaging modalities and increased usage of routine imaging have increased the identification of pancreatic cysts. If symptomatic, abdominal pain or back pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, steatorrhea or palpable mass are usually the presenting complaints. Pancreatic cysts are typically assessed by crosssectional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this article, we present a case of a 55-year-old female with a large pancreatic pseudocyst, initially measured 27 cm x 23 cm, who was subsequently admitted to our unit and managed successfully. Exploratory laparotomy and pancreatic cystogastrostomy. It is rare to come across a pseudocyst of such large dimensions. Despite its large size, the patient presented with vague abdominal pain as the only chief complaint. The unusual presentation of symptoms and the enormous size of the pseudocyst make this a u...

EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery

Foreign body inhalation is a life threatening emergency condition that commonly occur in children... more Foreign body inhalation is a life threatening emergency condition that commonly occur in children. A foreign body (FB) can be lodged in either the upper or lower airway or cause either a partial or complete airway obstruction. Complete obstruction of upper airway is a potentially life-threatening situation that causes severe respiratory distress and suffocation. Lower airway FB typically manifests with sudden-onset coughing and choking, followed by wheezing and dyspnea. We are presenting a case report of 3years old female child with a foreign body in the right bronchus intermediacy over one year. Patient was managed by performing thoracotomy after failed rigid bronchoscopy. This case is importance as to reduce the frequency of prescribing without throughout investigations.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

East African Scholars Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 2023

Background: Emergencies of the upper aero-digestive tract emergencies (UADTEs) are common in our ... more Background: Emergencies of the upper aero-digestive tract emergencies (UADTEs) are common in our setting, can be life threatening, challenging to the otolaryngologists and yet there is a paucity of clinical studies on these emergencies. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of upper aero-digestive tract emergencies at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: Between January and May 2019, a cross sectional study involving patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of UADTEs was conducted at BMC. Data on sociodemography, clinical presentation, duration of symptoms, time interval between admission and intervention, type of intervention, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay were collected in questionnaire designed for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Joint CUHAS/BMC Research, Ethics and Review Committee. Results: Of 487 ENT emergencies seen during study period, 128 (26.3%) patients had UADTEs. Male outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5: 1. Their median age at presentation was 5 [range, 2-40] years. The major causes of UADTEs were foreign body ingestion, head & neck tumors and foreign body aspiration and cut-throat injuries that were seen in 56(43.8%), 33(25.8%), 25(19.5%) and (3.9%) respectively. The most frequent presentations were dysphagia 81(63.3%), difficulty in breathing 61(47.7%) and odynophagia 56(43.8). Poor outcome following esophagoscopy was associated with younger age (0-17 years) (p=0.02), prolonged duration to treatment (p=0.04) and low blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) (p=0.04). In addition, delayed duration to treatment (p=0.01) and foreign body ingestion (p=0.001) were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay. Conclusion: At Bugando Medical Centre, UADTE pose a serious burden and challenge. Peripheral hospitals should be equipped with trained health workers and basic equipment to resuscitate and manage these patients before they are referred to otolaryngologists.

East African Journal of Health and Science, 2024

Head and neck cancer is among the most common cancers with an increase in number worldwide. It ha... more Head and neck cancer is among the most common cancers with an increase in number worldwide. It has a management challenge due to late-stage presentation. Its epidemiology and characteristics are changing from anatomical to biological due to its viral etiological. This study was done to determine the presentation and factors of head and neck malignancies at Bugando Medical Centre Tanzania. This was an analytical cross-section prospective study involving all patients confirmed
to have head and neck malignancy at Bugando Medical Centre from February to June 2019. A total number of 60 patients (M: F=1.4:1) were studied. The median age was 56 years. The associated factors were the symptoms ranging from 1 to 104 weeks at the first consultation, Late-stage observed among patients coming from the rural areas by 58.3% and those using local medicine at 70%. Low level of education, which was primary education, was leading 51.7%. Those who attended the dispensary for their first consultation had an advanced stage of
disease at presentation. It showed that the dispensary was the preferred centre for the first consultation of the majority at 41%. The major of patients presented at an advanced stage which was 73% and the contributory factor of delayed presentation of head and neck cancer at Bugando Medical Centre was attributed by patients themselves, whereas health care had a small contribution. The main reasons observed were rural settlement, local medication, and low level of education. Training must be conducted at health care providers in dispensaries and health centres on how to suspect patients with HNC at an early stage and refer
them directly to tertiary hospitals without passing through a series of referrals.

International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research, 2024

Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed from... more Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed from generation to generation with the major reason of saving lives. In Tanzania this procedure is commonly done and in the medical universities is taught as one of the procedures that all doctors should know. Tracheostomy is a common emergency lifesaving procedure performed between 21 to 25 patients per year among all patients receiving ENT services (13, 14). Though there is a scarcity in recent data and literature on the magnitude of tracheostomies performed in the lake zone. The most common indication for tracheostomy varies in studies from upper airway obstruction due to trauma, neoplasm, or prolonged intubation (13, 14). The pattern of tracheostomy indications may have changed with time due to advancement in medical practice. However, we lack current data in our setting highlighting indications for tracheostomies performed Methodology: This study aims at finding the epidemiological pattern and clinical indications for tracheostomy patients attending at Bugando medical centre. The engagement was done in a zonal referral hospital serving 6 regions of the country. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which spanned from September 2023 to May 2024. Results: The total number of patients was 35 whereby males were 51.4%(18) and females 48.6% (17).Number of males was slightly higher compared to females by 1.1%.The median age for the patient was 23 years, with the mean age of 20 years. The leading age group with the largest number of patients was 50 to 59 years. Most patients came from rural areas 74 %(26). Among clinical indications for tracheostomy the leading was upper airway obstruction by 65.7%, within which malignancy predominated other conditions by 65.2%, followed by trauma 26.1%, then prolonged intubation. Females showed a significant predominant distribution of malignancies of head and Neck by 60% which were evenly distributed in varying head and neck sites with p value of 0.039 which is statistical significant; with exception of laryngeal malignancies which were observed in males alone accounting for 26.7% in the whole study period. In conclusion this study shows the prevalence of tracheostomy in our environment, which is 1.8% and the clinical indication pattern has changed from trauma in previous studies to upper airway obstruction secondary to neoplastic conditions. It also shows the significance of site of malignancy to its relation to gender and this findings are not found in other studies. Recommendation: Molecular studies are needed to analyze further the differences in subsite in terms of gender.

International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research, 2024

Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed fro... more Background: Tracheostomy is among the first surgical procedures done by man and is performed
from generation to generation with the major reason of saving lives. In Tanzania this procedure is
commonly done and in the medical universities is taught as one of the procedures that all doctors
should know. Tracheostomy is a common emergency lifesaving procedure performed between 21
to 25 patients per year among all patients receiving ENT services (13, 14). Though there is a scarcity
in recent data and literature on the magnitude of tracheostomies performed in the lake zone.
The most common indication for tracheostomy varies in studies from upper airway obstruction due
to trauma, neoplasm, or prolonged intubation (13, 14). The pattern of tracheostomy indications may
have changed with time due to advancement in medical practice. However, we lack current data in
our setting highlighting indications for tracheostomies performed
Methodology: This study aims at finding the epidemiological pattern and clinical indications for
tracheostomy patients attending at Bugando medical centre. The engagement was done in a zonal
referral hospital serving 6 regions of the country. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which
spanned from September 2023 to May 2024.
Results: The total number of patients was 35 whereby males were 51.4%(18) and females 48.6%
(17).Number of males was slightly higher compared to females by 1.1%.The median age for the
patient was 23 years, with the mean age of 20 years. The leading age group with the largest number
of patients was 50 to 59 years. Most patients came from rural areas 74 %(26). Among clinical
indications for tracheostomy the leading was upper airway obstruction by 65.7%, within which
malignancy predominated other conditions by 65.2%, followed by trauma 26.1%, then prolonged
intubation. Females showed a significant predominant distribution of malignancies of head and Neck
by 60% which were evenly distributed in varying head and neck sites with p value of 0.039 which
is statistical significant; with exception of laryngeal malignancies which were observed in males
alone accounting for 26.7% in the whole study period.
In conclusion this study shows the prevalence of tracheostomy in our environment, which is 1.8%
and the clinical indication pattern has changed from trauma in previous studies to upper airway
obstruction secondary to neoplastic conditions. It also shows the significance of site of malignancy
to its relation to gender and this findings are not found in other studies.
Recommendation: Molecular studies are needed to analyze further the differences in subsite in
terms of gende

Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2023

Multi-nodular goitre is very common in our environment. Our environment do covers some parts wit... more Multi-nodular goitre is very common in our environment. Our environment do covers some parts with lack of iodine. Multi-nodular goitre may develop as toxic or non-toxic depending on the thyroid functional status. This disorder has a predilection for females as compared
to males due to their body needs that is more on the reproductive
system. We are presenting 85 years old female reported to our clinic
with complaint of anterior neck swelling for 57 years. The swelling was
of gradual onset associated with difficulties in breathing and swallowing. We did investigate the patient and later on operated the patient,
whereby total thyroidectomy was done. Histopathological results revealed a calcific multi-nodular goitre. We are concluding by teaching
patients to seek medical services whenever see any swelling developing in their body whether it’s painfully or not painfully because chance
of causing obstruction and transformation to malignancies is also highly suspected. This case is the first one of its kind to be operated at our
hospital as the swelling has existed for more than 50 year old.

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

Head and neck cancer are among the most common cancers occurring worldwide.It has challenges in ... more Head and neck cancer are among the most common cancers occurring
worldwide.It has challenges in management as patient presents at late stage
in our environment. This study was done to determine the pattern of head and
neck malignancies and associated factors for late diagnosis for patient
attending Bugando Medical Center Mwanza Tanzania.

East Africa Journal of Health Science, 2024

Background: Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the palatine tonsil and most often occurs in ch... more Background: Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the palatine tonsil and most often occurs in children. Recurrent tonsillitis is defined as more than seven attacks within one year, more than five attacks a year within a two-year period, or more than three attacks a year within a three-year period. The global incidence and prevalence of tonsillitis are not completely known, the research indicates that 15-30% of sore throats in children and 5-10% of sore throats in adults are bacterial tonsillitis. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with span from May 2024 to August 2024. Results: 385 participants were enrolled in the study; 60.8%of the participants were aged from 21 years to 30 years which was the majority. About 317(82.3%) parents/guardians responded that recurrent tonsillitis has an effect on the child's health, whereas 68 (17.7%) reported that recurrent tonsillitis has no effect on the child's health. Complications of recurrent tonsilitis reported to be known by parent /guardian were snoring (sleep apnoea) 111 (28.8%), ear problems like otitis media 2(0.5%), hearing loss 1(0.3%) heart problem (0.8%), renal problem 3(0.8%), affect the growth of the child 6 (1.6%), missing school 11 (2.9%). 183(47.5%) of the study participants reported that they don't know about any complications that their child may get after surgery, while other parents/guardians reported that the child can suffer pain after surgery 99(25.7%), intraoperative or postoperative bleeding 3(0.8%) others reported that the child can get pain during eating 8(2.1%).

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hosp... more This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania, aiming to explore the prevalence, demographic distribution, histological types, and clinical characteristics of pharyngeal malignancies in the region. The study spans from April to December 2015 and includes 438 patients diagnosed with head and neck malignancies, with a specific focus on 114 cases of pharyngeal malignancies. The results provide valuable insights into the age, gender, site, and histological distribution of these malignancies. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows the prevalence of pharyngeal malignancies among head and neck malignancies was 26% with the leading histological type been Squamous cell carcinoma been the predominant in both sexes.

International journal of otolaryngology and head & neck surgery, 2024

EAS journal of medicine and surgery, Nov 28, 2023

East African journal of health & science, Feb 27, 2024

Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study, 2024

Mother’s/caretake`s engagement in neonatal care has clearly beenshown to improve health outcomes ... more Mother’s/caretake`s engagement in neonatal care has clearly beenshown to
improve health outcomes for premature and sick babies in the Neonatal
Intensive Care Units. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which
mothers/caretakers are engaged in the basic care of neonate admitted to the
neonatal units to improve the outcome of the neonate.
It`s a cross sectional study design conducted at Bugando Medical Centre with
study span from September 2022 to October 2022.146 mother/caretake`s
were enrolled in the study period.The median age for neonate was 26days
with the mean birth weight of 2.7kg.Majority of the mothers 89( 61%) were
older than 24years. 94 (64.4%), had more than one parity.
Regarding the reasons for admissions, the majority (81%) were due to
sickness, whereas 19.2% were premature. The overall engagement in the three
domains of neonatal care was 28.1%, nearly equal in the daily care (41.1%),
in the medical care (49.3%), and in closeness and cuddling (35.6%). Slightly
more than half had good practice in the 15 elements of care of the
neonates.We concludes that mothers of the admitted neonates exhibited more
overall skills in the care of the neonates. However, they had low engagement
in the care. This later finding is attributed to the fact that mothers/caretakers
had limited time to spend with their sick ones. We suggest that in order to
achieve quality time between mothers and their newborn babies, nurses
relinquish some of their respectabilities to allow time for mothers /caretakers
stay with their neonates which will enhance bonding.
Keywords: caretaker`s and mother`s engagement,engagement practices and
neonatal care

Epidemiological Patterns of Pharyngeal Malignancies in Tanzania: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, 2024

This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hosp... more This manuscript presents a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania, aiming to explore the prevalence, demographic distribution, histological types, and clinical characteristics of pharyngeal malignancies in the region. The study spans from April to December 2015 and includes 438 patients diagnosed with head and neck malignancies, with a specific focus on 114 cases of pharyngeal malignancies. The results provide valuable insights into the age, gender, site, and histological distribution of these malignancies. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows the prevalence of pharyngeal malignancies among head and neck malignancies was 26% with the leading histological type been Squamous cell carcinoma been the predominant in both sexes.

ase Report Survival of Haemophilic Patient in Surgery Case Report, 2022

Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. The blood does not clot as it should, which can re... more Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder. The blood does not clot as it should, which can result in spontaneous bleeding and bruising after surgery or other injuries. Hemophilia A is an X-linked, recessive disorder caused by deficiency of functional plasma clotting factor VIII, which may be inherited or arise from spontaneous mutation. Hemophilia B, is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder, usually manifested in males and transmitted by females who carry the causative mutation on the X chromosome is a deficiency of factor 1X. We are presenting a case of 34years old man with the complain of bilateral neck swelling for 5days,difficult in swallowing and breathing for 3days.Emergency tracheostomy was done and admitted to the ICU thereafter CT-scan was done and showed retropharyngeal swelling. The excision of the mass was done whereby hematoma was evacuated. Patient was admitted to the ICU for about two weeks then transfer to the wards. The laboratory test revealed deficiency of factor V111.

EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery

Pancreatic cysts are usually asymptomatic over 70% of the time. They can be benign or malignant. ... more Pancreatic cysts are usually asymptomatic over 70% of the time. They can be benign or malignant. Enhanced imaging modalities and increased usage of routine imaging have increased the identification of pancreatic cysts. If symptomatic, abdominal pain or back pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, steatorrhea or palpable mass are usually the presenting complaints. Pancreatic cysts are typically assessed by crosssectional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this article, we present a case of a 55-year-old female with a large pancreatic pseudocyst, initially measured 27 cm x 23 cm, who was subsequently admitted to our unit and managed successfully. Exploratory laparotomy and pancreatic cystogastrostomy. It is rare to come across a pseudocyst of such large dimensions. Despite its large size, the patient presented with vague abdominal pain as the only chief complaint. The unusual presentation of symptoms and the enormous size of the pseudocyst make this a u...

EAS Journal of Medicine and Surgery

Foreign body inhalation is a life threatening emergency condition that commonly occur in children... more Foreign body inhalation is a life threatening emergency condition that commonly occur in children. A foreign body (FB) can be lodged in either the upper or lower airway or cause either a partial or complete airway obstruction. Complete obstruction of upper airway is a potentially life-threatening situation that causes severe respiratory distress and suffocation. Lower airway FB typically manifests with sudden-onset coughing and choking, followed by wheezing and dyspnea. We are presenting a case report of 3years old female child with a foreign body in the right bronchus intermediacy over one year. Patient was managed by performing thoracotomy after failed rigid bronchoscopy. This case is importance as to reduce the frequency of prescribing without throughout investigations.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports