Selim Kapur | Cukurova University (original) (raw)
Papers by Selim Kapur
Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, 2009
The firing temperature and production technology together with the provenance and source material... more The firing temperature and production technology together with the provenance and source materials of a group of the Domuztepe (Cilicia, Turkey) Late-Hittite ceramics were studied by mineralogical analyses. The mineralogical (presence of basaltic minerals and the formation of forsterite and tridymite as high temperature minerals) results revealed that this group of Late-Hittite ceramics were products of a mixture of local raw materials such as basalts (10-15%) and soils developed on olivine basalts (70-75%). Evidence demonstrated that the potters of that period were highly aware of achieving temperatures well around 1000 o C, despite the lack of proficiency or unwillingness to sustain prolonged firing durations, that later became the norm of cultures in Asia Minor.
British Ceramic Transactions, 2000
... properties controlling compressive strength, whereas and floor tiles studied both as tablets,... more ... properties controlling compressive strength, whereas and floor tiles studied both as tablets, prepared under the contents and textures of fibrous minerals occupying ... Fig. 3. Such mixtures are assessed as suitable for floor tiles, 135, 136, 152, 153, and 171 (Fig. 4). ...
Sedimentary Geology, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
CATENA, 2013
Fracture surfaces of red mudstones (overbank deposits within the Kuzgun Formation of Late Miocene... more Fracture surfaces of red mudstones (overbank deposits within the Kuzgun Formation of Late Miocene-Tortonianage) are coated by thin black colored manganese oxide beneath a thin soil cover in the Mersin area of southern Turkey. These manganese oxide coatings have been investigated by a range of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared-spectral (IR), differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses. The basal reflections at 10.00, 7.22, 5.00, 3.35, 2.50, 2.29 and 2.10 Å, sharp infrared spectral lines at 469 and 519 cm −1 and typical dehydration of interlayer water b 200°C, together with results from the EDX analysis, indicate the presence of calcium buseritea manganese oxide mineral. SEM images of buserite crystals show degraded platy pseudo-hexagonal forms suggesting a non-biological origin. Pedogenic processes taking place at the soil material overlying red mudstones, likely induced the reducing or acidic conditions under which Mn 2+ was released by the dissolution of Mn-bearing minerals during the wet periods. Organic compounds were also most likely leached during these periods and subsequently, during the dry climatic intervals, manganese oxide minerals precipitated from the infiltrating soil solutions under oxidizing conditions. The nanometerscale layering in manganese oxide coatings is here attributed to repeated changes in redox conditions. Some trace elements in the coatings, such as Ba, Ni, Co, and Ce have either been absorbed by the Mn oxide minerals or organo-mineral complexes.
Sedimentary Geology, Apr 1, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
Archives of Surgery
Burn wound sepsis in rats results in sustained corticosterone elevations and the prolonged presen... more Burn wound sepsis in rats results in sustained corticosterone elevations and the prolonged presence of translocated bacteria in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). To determine if survival of bacteria in the MLNs may be influenced by pathophysiologic corticosterone levels, MLNs were quantitatively analyzed from rats randomized to the following groups: burn wound sepsis (BI); BI with adrenocortical response attenuated by cyclosporine (cyclosporine/BI); or cyclosporine/BI with corticosterone replacement (cyclosporine/BI + P). Although rates of bacterial translocation were similar, corticosterone levels were significantly different among the three groups and correlated with the number of lymphocytes and the number of enteric bacteria present per gram of MLN. Thus, pathophysiologic elevations of corticosterone levels during sepsis may exert an effect that allows survival of translocated bacteria in the MLNs of rats, perhaps due to glucocorticoid-associated alterations in regional immunity.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
Sedimentary Geology, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2010, 2010
We describe the use of an electromagnetic (EM) simulator for modeling integrated RF components an... more We describe the use of an electromagnetic (EM) simulator for modeling integrated RF components and circuits. Modern EM simulators are fast and accurate enough to provide good models of such components. An important aspect of advanced IC processes is that the physical properties of wires (width, thickness, and resistance) vary depending on the surrounding wiring. We discuss how the EMX simulator [1] handles widthand spacing-dependent properties in the process description. Because the simulator handles mask-ready layout without the need for manual simplification, it is feasible to simulate thousands of possible designs and build scalable component models. Such scalable models allow fast choices of optimal components that meet user-supplied specifications.
Sustainable Land Management, 2010
... Regional Activity Centre. Sophia Antipolis, France, July 2008. ... 297315 Yakt S, P Zdruli, ... more ... Regional Activity Centre. Sophia Antipolis, France, July 2008. ... 297315 Yakt S, P Zdruli, E Akca, M Pekel, S Yılmaz, AD uzenli, M Serdem, B Kapur, S Kapur (2005) Management of coastal sand dunes by agroecosystem approach. ...
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2010
Seasonal changes in the impacts of fertilizer on the composition of agricultural drainage water w... more Seasonal changes in the impacts of fertilizer on the composition of agricultural drainage water were examined by analyzing the (87)Sr/(86)Sr isotope ratio and chemical composition of drainage water samples. Samples of drainage water were taken from the main drainage canals of the Lower Seyhan Irrigation Project, at sites designated as D10, D11, and D12. Plots of (87)Sr/(86)Sr vs. 1/Sr indicated that the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of drainage water was positively related to those of fertilizer and irrigation water. The origins of Sr in two of the end-components were fertilizer and irrigation water. The data from the end-drain in winter suggested that the origin of Sr in the third end-component was fossil seawater. Analysis of a mixing model incorporating these three end-components showed that the origins of Sr in drainage differed markedly between summer and winter. Fertilizer made the greatest contribution to Sr in drainage water both in summer and winter, contributing 38-72% of total Sr i...
ABSTRACT Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that pub... more ABSTRACT Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.
2007 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 2007
In this paper, considerations for accurate deembedding technique using the "open-thru" de-embeddi... more In this paper, considerations for accurate deembedding technique using the "open-thru" de-embedding methodology, aimed at de-embedding of high quality factor (Q) radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) inductors will be presented. In addition, proper design of on wafer groundsignal-ground-signal-ground (GSGSG) probe tip padset and de-embedding structures ("open" and "through") will be discussed. It will be shown, through EM simulations that accurate characterization of properly designed deembedding structures results in very reliable and accurate de-embedding using the previously developed "open-thru" de-embedding method.
SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, 2013
ABSTRACT Mapping land degradation and desertification (LDD) has generally been considered as a co... more ABSTRACT Mapping land degradation and desertification (LDD) has generally been considered as a complex task, and past efforts have produced contrasting results. Until recently, this exercise has often been seen as a soil scientist’s task by the international community. However, the actual role, and “weight” of soil information in LDD mapping at different spatial scales has been influenced and constrained by the changing conceptual frameworks and data availability. The present paper reviews these aspects and discusses the most recent developments. Starting from the evolving definitions of land degradation and desertification, it describes the use of soil information made by past global mapping initiatives. It presents the related past and new conceptual frameworks, and describes the approaches adopted by the most relevant on-going international initiatives such as LADA and WAD. Finally, it highlights the existing constraints and limitations and provides recommendations on gaps and needs in terms of soil-related knowledge and data.
The total arable land in Turkey is 28.054.000 ha. However, the prime soils cover only 17.5% of th... more The total arable land in Turkey is 28.054.000 ha. However, the prime soils cover only 17.5% of the total land surface and the productivity of the remaining soils is mainly limited by topography, depleted organic matter and high clay contents.
2007 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2007
We describe a method for synthesizing on-chip baluns. The method involves creating a scalable tra... more We describe a method for synthesizing on-chip baluns. The method involves creating a scalable transformer model from electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Using this model, a quick search through the design space produces an optimal balun. The search may include constraints on insertion loss, return loss, area, etc. We used this method to design baluns for common wireless applications. The baluns were fabricated in a 90nm RF CMOS process and measured. They were found to have good performance with insertion loss less than 1.5dB, return loss of about 16dB, phase imbalance of 0.25 • and amplitude imbalance of 0.25dB. These characteristics are equal to or better than those of off-chip baluns while requiring significantly less area.
Geologica Carpathica, 2014
We present the mineralogical, micromorphological, and geochemical characteristics of the paleosol... more We present the mineralogical, micromorphological, and geochemical characteristics of the paleosols and their carbonates from Karahamzalı, Ankara (Central Turkey). The paleosols include calcretes of powdery to nodular forms and alternate with channel deposits. The presence of pedofeatures, such as clay cutans, floating grains, circumgranular cracks, MnO linings, secondary carbonate rims, traces of past bioturbation and remnants of root fragments are all the evidence of pedogenesis. Bw is the most common soil horizon showing subangular-angular blocky to granular or prismatic microstructures. Calcretes, on the other hand, are evaluated as semi-mature massive, nodular, tubular or powdery forms. The probable faunal and floral passages may also imply the traces of life from when these alluvial deposits were soil. The presence of early diagenetic palygorskite and dolomite together with high salinization, high calcification and low chemical index of alteration values are evidence of the formation of calcretes under arid and dry conditions. δ 13 C compositions of the carbonates ranging from -7.11‰ to -7.74‰ VPDB are comformable with the world pedogenic carbonates favouring the C4 vegetation; likely δ 18 O compositions of the carbonates are between -3.97‰ and -4.91‰ which are compatible with the paleosols formed under the influence of meteroic water in the vadose zone.
Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, 2009
The firing temperature and production technology together with the provenance and source material... more The firing temperature and production technology together with the provenance and source materials of a group of the Domuztepe (Cilicia, Turkey) Late-Hittite ceramics were studied by mineralogical analyses. The mineralogical (presence of basaltic minerals and the formation of forsterite and tridymite as high temperature minerals) results revealed that this group of Late-Hittite ceramics were products of a mixture of local raw materials such as basalts (10-15%) and soils developed on olivine basalts (70-75%). Evidence demonstrated that the potters of that period were highly aware of achieving temperatures well around 1000 o C, despite the lack of proficiency or unwillingness to sustain prolonged firing durations, that later became the norm of cultures in Asia Minor.
British Ceramic Transactions, 2000
... properties controlling compressive strength, whereas and floor tiles studied both as tablets,... more ... properties controlling compressive strength, whereas and floor tiles studied both as tablets, prepared under the contents and textures of fibrous minerals occupying ... Fig. 3. Such mixtures are assessed as suitable for floor tiles, 135, 136, 152, 153, and 171 (Fig. 4). ...
Sedimentary Geology, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
CATENA, 2013
Fracture surfaces of red mudstones (overbank deposits within the Kuzgun Formation of Late Miocene... more Fracture surfaces of red mudstones (overbank deposits within the Kuzgun Formation of Late Miocene-Tortonianage) are coated by thin black colored manganese oxide beneath a thin soil cover in the Mersin area of southern Turkey. These manganese oxide coatings have been investigated by a range of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared-spectral (IR), differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses. The basal reflections at 10.00, 7.22, 5.00, 3.35, 2.50, 2.29 and 2.10 Å, sharp infrared spectral lines at 469 and 519 cm −1 and typical dehydration of interlayer water b 200°C, together with results from the EDX analysis, indicate the presence of calcium buseritea manganese oxide mineral. SEM images of buserite crystals show degraded platy pseudo-hexagonal forms suggesting a non-biological origin. Pedogenic processes taking place at the soil material overlying red mudstones, likely induced the reducing or acidic conditions under which Mn 2+ was released by the dissolution of Mn-bearing minerals during the wet periods. Organic compounds were also most likely leached during these periods and subsequently, during the dry climatic intervals, manganese oxide minerals precipitated from the infiltrating soil solutions under oxidizing conditions. The nanometerscale layering in manganese oxide coatings is here attributed to repeated changes in redox conditions. Some trace elements in the coatings, such as Ba, Ni, Co, and Ce have either been absorbed by the Mn oxide minerals or organo-mineral complexes.
Sedimentary Geology, Apr 1, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
Archives of Surgery
Burn wound sepsis in rats results in sustained corticosterone elevations and the prolonged presen... more Burn wound sepsis in rats results in sustained corticosterone elevations and the prolonged presence of translocated bacteria in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). To determine if survival of bacteria in the MLNs may be influenced by pathophysiologic corticosterone levels, MLNs were quantitatively analyzed from rats randomized to the following groups: burn wound sepsis (BI); BI with adrenocortical response attenuated by cyclosporine (cyclosporine/BI); or cyclosporine/BI with corticosterone replacement (cyclosporine/BI + P). Although rates of bacterial translocation were similar, corticosterone levels were significantly different among the three groups and correlated with the number of lymphocytes and the number of enteric bacteria present per gram of MLN. Thus, pathophysiologic elevations of corticosterone levels during sepsis may exert an effect that allows survival of translocated bacteria in the MLNs of rats, perhaps due to glucocorticoid-associated alterations in regional immunity.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
Sedimentary Geology, 2015
ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin ... more ABSTRACT Fluvial red mudstones of Tortonian age (overbank deposits) are widespread in the Mersin area in southern Turkey. The XRD analysis reveals that the mudstones consist predominantly of smectite, containing 3.0 to 6.6 wt% Fe2O3, of which ≤ 1% is present as hematite. However this is evidently sufficient hematite to yield a red colour to the whole rock. SEM images show that very fine hematite crystals are disseminated in the mudstones as pore-filling cement between smectite flakes. After reddening, some of the clay and hematite were most likely leached and accumulated with smectite in the shrink-swell fractures as infill. Reddening in the mudstone took place in a terrrestrial environment and the hematite pigment formed from intrastratal water by inorganic precipitation at the initial stage of diagenesis. The free Fe2 + was most likely released from the Fe-bearing minerals in an aqueous reducing environment, with hematite being precipitated as a cement during the dry periods.
IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference 2010, 2010
We describe the use of an electromagnetic (EM) simulator for modeling integrated RF components an... more We describe the use of an electromagnetic (EM) simulator for modeling integrated RF components and circuits. Modern EM simulators are fast and accurate enough to provide good models of such components. An important aspect of advanced IC processes is that the physical properties of wires (width, thickness, and resistance) vary depending on the surrounding wiring. We discuss how the EMX simulator [1] handles widthand spacing-dependent properties in the process description. Because the simulator handles mask-ready layout without the need for manual simplification, it is feasible to simulate thousands of possible designs and build scalable component models. Such scalable models allow fast choices of optimal components that meet user-supplied specifications.
Sustainable Land Management, 2010
... Regional Activity Centre. Sophia Antipolis, France, July 2008. ... 297315 Yakt S, P Zdruli, ... more ... Regional Activity Centre. Sophia Antipolis, France, July 2008. ... 297315 Yakt S, P Zdruli, E Akca, M Pekel, S Yılmaz, AD uzenli, M Serdem, B Kapur, S Kapur (2005) Management of coastal sand dunes by agroecosystem approach. ...
The Science of the total environment, Jan 15, 2010
Seasonal changes in the impacts of fertilizer on the composition of agricultural drainage water w... more Seasonal changes in the impacts of fertilizer on the composition of agricultural drainage water were examined by analyzing the (87)Sr/(86)Sr isotope ratio and chemical composition of drainage water samples. Samples of drainage water were taken from the main drainage canals of the Lower Seyhan Irrigation Project, at sites designated as D10, D11, and D12. Plots of (87)Sr/(86)Sr vs. 1/Sr indicated that the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of drainage water was positively related to those of fertilizer and irrigation water. The origins of Sr in two of the end-components were fertilizer and irrigation water. The data from the end-drain in winter suggested that the origin of Sr in the third end-component was fossil seawater. Analysis of a mixing model incorporating these three end-components showed that the origins of Sr in drainage differed markedly between summer and winter. Fertilizer made the greatest contribution to Sr in drainage water both in summer and winter, contributing 38-72% of total Sr i...
ABSTRACT Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that pub... more ABSTRACT Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.
2007 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 2007
In this paper, considerations for accurate deembedding technique using the "open-thru" de-embeddi... more In this paper, considerations for accurate deembedding technique using the "open-thru" de-embedding methodology, aimed at de-embedding of high quality factor (Q) radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) inductors will be presented. In addition, proper design of on wafer groundsignal-ground-signal-ground (GSGSG) probe tip padset and de-embedding structures ("open" and "through") will be discussed. It will be shown, through EM simulations that accurate characterization of properly designed deembedding structures results in very reliable and accurate de-embedding using the previously developed "open-thru" de-embedding method.
SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, 2013
ABSTRACT Mapping land degradation and desertification (LDD) has generally been considered as a co... more ABSTRACT Mapping land degradation and desertification (LDD) has generally been considered as a complex task, and past efforts have produced contrasting results. Until recently, this exercise has often been seen as a soil scientist’s task by the international community. However, the actual role, and “weight” of soil information in LDD mapping at different spatial scales has been influenced and constrained by the changing conceptual frameworks and data availability. The present paper reviews these aspects and discusses the most recent developments. Starting from the evolving definitions of land degradation and desertification, it describes the use of soil information made by past global mapping initiatives. It presents the related past and new conceptual frameworks, and describes the approaches adopted by the most relevant on-going international initiatives such as LADA and WAD. Finally, it highlights the existing constraints and limitations and provides recommendations on gaps and needs in terms of soil-related knowledge and data.
The total arable land in Turkey is 28.054.000 ha. However, the prime soils cover only 17.5% of th... more The total arable land in Turkey is 28.054.000 ha. However, the prime soils cover only 17.5% of the total land surface and the productivity of the remaining soils is mainly limited by topography, depleted organic matter and high clay contents.
2007 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2007
We describe a method for synthesizing on-chip baluns. The method involves creating a scalable tra... more We describe a method for synthesizing on-chip baluns. The method involves creating a scalable transformer model from electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Using this model, a quick search through the design space produces an optimal balun. The search may include constraints on insertion loss, return loss, area, etc. We used this method to design baluns for common wireless applications. The baluns were fabricated in a 90nm RF CMOS process and measured. They were found to have good performance with insertion loss less than 1.5dB, return loss of about 16dB, phase imbalance of 0.25 • and amplitude imbalance of 0.25dB. These characteristics are equal to or better than those of off-chip baluns while requiring significantly less area.
Geologica Carpathica, 2014
We present the mineralogical, micromorphological, and geochemical characteristics of the paleosol... more We present the mineralogical, micromorphological, and geochemical characteristics of the paleosols and their carbonates from Karahamzalı, Ankara (Central Turkey). The paleosols include calcretes of powdery to nodular forms and alternate with channel deposits. The presence of pedofeatures, such as clay cutans, floating grains, circumgranular cracks, MnO linings, secondary carbonate rims, traces of past bioturbation and remnants of root fragments are all the evidence of pedogenesis. Bw is the most common soil horizon showing subangular-angular blocky to granular or prismatic microstructures. Calcretes, on the other hand, are evaluated as semi-mature massive, nodular, tubular or powdery forms. The probable faunal and floral passages may also imply the traces of life from when these alluvial deposits were soil. The presence of early diagenetic palygorskite and dolomite together with high salinization, high calcification and low chemical index of alteration values are evidence of the formation of calcretes under arid and dry conditions. δ 13 C compositions of the carbonates ranging from -7.11‰ to -7.74‰ VPDB are comformable with the world pedogenic carbonates favouring the C4 vegetation; likely δ 18 O compositions of the carbonates are between -3.97‰ and -4.91‰ which are compatible with the paleosols formed under the influence of meteroic water in the vadose zone.