Isik Yilmaz | Cumhuriyet University (original) (raw)
Papers by Isik Yilmaz
Natural Hazards, 2013
ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibi... more ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods and presents the landslide susceptibility map of the territory of Western Carpathians in small scale. This study also describes pioneer work for the territory of Western Carpathians, overreaching state borders, using verified sophisticated statistical methods. In the susceptibility mapping, digital elevation model was first constructed using a GIS software, and parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as geology, seismicity, precipitation, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect and land cover were considered. In the last stage of the analyses, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The validation of the bivariate analysis data was performed using the results of bivariate analysis for landslide areas of Slovakia containing five classes of susceptibility in scale 1:500,000. The validation area is the area of Western Carpathians within Slovakia. Eighty-two per cent of area does not differ in more than one class. The validation of the multivariate analysis data was performed using the results from the Kysuce region in the northern part of Slovakia in scale 1:10,000. The raster calculator was used to express the difference between each pair of pixels within these two layers. Seventy-seven per cent of the pixels do not differ in more than 25 %, 94 % of the pixels do not differ in more than 50 %. The maximal possible difference is 100 % (one pixel with value 0 and other with value 1, or vice versa). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed, the area under curve value for bivariate model was calculated to be 0.735, while it was 0.823 for multivariate. The results of the validation can be considered as satisfactory.
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2004
The consolidation properties of clay samples from a marine environment were examined. Index, tria... more The consolidation properties of clay samples from a marine environment were examined. Index, triaxial and odeometer tests were performed on the undisturbed/disturbed clay samples from 13 boreholes in the Gemlik Gulf (Bursa-Turkey). Laboratory tests indicated that the clays are soft and have a high moisture content and hence are highly compressible. The majority of the clays are unconsolidated due to the accretion rate being faster than the dissipation of pore water.
Applied Clay Science, 2009
Low rise buildings are particularly vulnerable to ground movements sourced from swelling and shri... more Low rise buildings are particularly vulnerable to ground movements sourced from swelling and shrinking of the expansive clay soils. Geotechnical engineers have long recognized that swelling of expansive clays caused by moisture variation may result in considerable damage to the overlying structures, and engineers should take them into the consideration. The literature contains a vast number of stabilizing techniques such as lime, cement, and fly-ash for treatment of expansive clay soils. However the use of gypsum as a stabilizing agent is currently not clear. This paper deals with the performance of the gypsum as an additive for treatment of the expansive clay soils by means of swell potential and strength. Optimum water content for the best compaction of the bentonite was first determined by standard compaction tests. Different quantities of gypsum such as 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by mass were added to bentonite and compacted in optimum water content obtained. Atterberg limits, free swell and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on treated and untreated samples, after a curing period of 7 days. Obtained changes in the plasticity, swell percent and strength parameters of treated and untreated samples indicated that gypsum can be used as a stabilizing agent for expansive clay soils, effectively.
This study compares the GIS based collapse susceptibility mapping methods such as; conditional pr... more This study compares the GIS based collapse susceptibility mapping methods such as; conditional probability (CP), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in gypsum rock masses in Sivas basin (Turkey). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was first constructed using GIS software. Collapse-related factors, directly or indirectly related to the causes of collapse occurrence, such as distance from faults, slope angle and aspect, topographical elevation, distance from drainage, topographic wetness index- TWI, stream power index- SPI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by means of vegetation cover, distance from roads and settlements were used in the collapse susceptibility analyses. In the last stage of the analyses, collapse susceptibility maps were produced from CP, LR and ANN models, and they were then compared by means of their validations. Area Under Curve (AUC) values obtained from all three methodologies showed that the map obtained from ANN model ...
Scientific research and essays
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2014
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2013
This study deals with a methodical identification and evaluation of physical-mechanical propertie... more This study deals with a methodical identification and evaluation of physical-mechanical properties of one genetic type of geological structure. This is represented by an engineering-geological zone of eolian sediments, which is regionally rather abundant. The paper contributes to a need to identify typical soil properties for widespread geological environments in a particular region and thus add to good engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers' awareness in the region. Such information is much required as it permits comparing results of newly conducted engineering-geological investigations and research with the results characteristic for the region in question. It is vital for engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers to be sufficiently informed on the foundation soil properties of widespread geological environments because of professionalism and higher quality of their work results. Comparing other loess sediment studies worldwide it was discovered that the phy...
This article presents a comparison of multiple regression (MR) and artificial neural network (ANN... more This article presents a comparison of multiple regression (MR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of soil suction of clayey soils. The results of the soil suction tests utilizing thermocouple psychrometers on statically compacted specimens of Bentonite-Kaolinite clay mixtures with varying soil properties were used to develope the models. The results obtained from both models were then compared
Environmental Geosciences, 2002
The Sivas-Erzincan highway, a major thoroughfare in Turkey, has been adversely impacted for years... more The Sivas-Erzincan highway, a major thoroughfare in Turkey, has been adversely impacted for years by landslides in the Kızıldag region, resulting in high maintenance costs with time. This article illustrates slope stability problems in clay because of the seasonal effects on the groundwater regime. Clays in the study area act like a fluid and have very low strength parameters when they were saturated with water. Within the landslide debris, the clays are characterized as highly plastic and have a high swelling potential because of the presence of smectite. A factor of safety of 0.89 was calculated during high-precipitation seasons, and a factor of safety of 4.57 was calculated during dry seasons. The stable slope angle was calculated as critically i р 10 Њ . The only certain solutions to minimize landslide hazards along the highway are to control groundwater levels and surface run-off and to change the grade of slope, buttresses at the toe of the slopes, in lieu of relocating the highway on an alternative route.
Natural Hazards, 2013
ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibi... more ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods and presents the landslide susceptibility map of the territory of Western Carpathians in small scale. This study also describes pioneer work for the territory of Western Carpathians, overreaching state borders, using verified sophisticated statistical methods. In the susceptibility mapping, digital elevation model was first constructed using a GIS software, and parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as geology, seismicity, precipitation, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect and land cover were considered. In the last stage of the analyses, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The validation of the bivariate analysis data was performed using the results of bivariate analysis for landslide areas of Slovakia containing five classes of susceptibility in scale 1:500,000. The validation area is the area of Western Carpathians within Slovakia. Eighty-two per cent of area does not differ in more than one class. The validation of the multivariate analysis data was performed using the results from the Kysuce region in the northern part of Slovakia in scale 1:10,000. The raster calculator was used to express the difference between each pair of pixels within these two layers. Seventy-seven per cent of the pixels do not differ in more than 25 %, 94 % of the pixels do not differ in more than 50 %. The maximal possible difference is 100 % (one pixel with value 0 and other with value 1, or vice versa). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed, the area under curve value for bivariate model was calculated to be 0.735, while it was 0.823 for multivariate. The results of the validation can be considered as satisfactory.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2012
Expert Systems with Applications, 2011
In the recent years, new techniques such as; artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference syste... more In the recent years, new techniques such as; artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems were employed for developing of the predictive models to estimate the needed parameters. Soft computing techniques are now being used as alternate statistical tool. Determination of swell potential of soil is difficult, expensive, time consuming and involves destructive tests. In this paper, use of MLP and RBF functions of ANN (artificial neural networks), ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) for prediction of S% (swell percent) of soil was described, and compared with the traditional statistical model of MR (multiple regression). However the accuracies of ANN and ANFIS models may be evaluated relatively similar. It was found that the constructed RBF exhibited a high performance than MLP, ANFIS and MR for predicting S%. The performance comparison showed that the soft computing system is a good tool for minimizing the uncertainties in the soil engineering projects. The use of soft computing will also may provide new approaches and methodologies, and minimize the potential inconsistency of correlations.
Environmental Geology, 2006
Environmental Geology, 2006
![Research paper thumbnail of Discussion on “Development and morphometry of sinkholes in coastal plains of Apulia, southern Italy. Preliminary sinkhole susceptibility assessment” by E. Bruno, D. Calcaterra, M. Parise [Engineering Geology 99 (2008) 198–209]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51219598/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Engineering Geology, 2008
Engineering Geology, 2012
This study deals with the determination of the actual limit angles in the long-term formed subsid... more This study deals with the determination of the actual limit angles in the long-term formed subsidence basin in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin (the remaining part lays in Poland). Here there was the most extensive underground exploitation of black coal in the north-east of the Czech Republic. A limit angle is absolutely decisive in the determination of deep mining influences in relation to the current and future utilisation of this territory. The two CSM and Paskov mine localities on the edge of the subsidence basin were selected for this study, since they could not have been affected by mining in neighbouring mines. On the grounds of the long-term levelling monitoring of points on the surface which started prior to mining, the horizontal distance between the mined out area and the undisturbed ground surface was identified. The impact of limit angle on the surface was calculated by means of the horizontal distance and the established mining depth. Such identified actual limit angles reached the values of 36°at the CSM Mine and 25°for the Paskov Mine. The calculated values are significantly lower when compared with the currently applied empirical values of 57°for the CSM Mine and 56°for the Paskov Mine. This means that the extent of the undermining effects is unambiguously wider by 611 m at the CSM Mine and by 883 m at the Paskov Mine. This study thus establishes the existence of a significantly vaster area influenced by coal deep mining than previously expected. The identified facts lead to the conclusion that regular revisions and follow-up updates of the empirically determined parameters are recommended.
Engineering Geology, 2011
In terms of demands and needs of ground investigation and foundation engineering, the engineering... more In terms of demands and needs of ground investigation and foundation engineering, the engineeringgeological conditions in the underground mining territories represent anthropogenically influenced areas in the most complicated manner, since they suffer the impacts from the underground mining of mineral resources. The subjects of observation are the so-called building site categories, which represent a certain risk factor that must be taken into consideration during foundation engineering and engineering-geological studies in the undermined territories. It is necessary to realise that underground mining is an anthropogenic geodynamic process which significantly varies over time due to mining change, and consequently with variations in the position, shape and size of subsidence in a subsidence basin. All the above mentioned variations should be mandatory knowledge for land use planners, engineering geologists, geotechnicians, foundation engineers and designers because of the evident logicality of these needs. This work presents a case study (Ostrava-Karvina Coal District in the north-east of the Czech Republic) of variations in the building site categories over time, and the results show that the chronology of the changes has a very significant influence in this area of interest. The results of the building site category evaluation imply that the majority of the interest area falls within relatively good conditions for founding all kinds of structures. However, it was then necessary to consider variations over time in the surface area of less suitable building site categories. A trend certainly confirmed the existence of the previously presumed mutual relationship between building site categories and subsidence size distribution. It is apparent from the analytic results of the relationship between building site categories and planned development that the negative impacts of mining have been only partly considered, or completely disregarded, in the development planning process. Consequently, future land use planners should carefully consider these particular building site categories as the most important and significant factors in the undermining of a region. In this manner, development can be successfully planned for present and future safety.
Computers & Geosciences, 2009
The purpose of this study is to compare the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency... more The purpose of this study is to compare the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in the Kat County (Tokat-Turkey). Digital elevation model (DEM) was first constructed using GIS software. Landslide-related factors such as geology, faults, drainage system, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI) and stream power index (SPI) were used in the landslide susceptibility analyses. Landslide susceptibility maps were produced from the frequency ratio, logistic regression and neural networks models, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The higher accuracies of the susceptibility maps for all three models were obtained from the comparison of the landslide susceptibility maps with the known landslide locations. However, respective area under curve (AUC) values of 0.826, 0.842 and 0.852 for frequency ratio, logistic regression and artificial neural networks showed that the map obtained from ANN model is more accurate than the other models, accuracies of all models can be evaluated relatively similar. The results obtained in this study also showed that the frequency ratio model can be used as a simple tool in assessment of landslide susceptibility when a sufficient number of data were obtained. Input process, calculations and output process are very simple and can be readily understood in the frequency ratio model, however logistic regression and neural networks require the conversion of data to ASCII or other formats. Moreover, it is also very hard to process the large amount of data in the statistical package.
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2009
The case study presents GIS-aided statistically and physically based landslide susceptibility map... more The case study presents GIS-aided statistically and physically based landslide susceptibility mapping in the landslide-prone Avutmus district of Sebinkarahisar (Giresun, Turkey). Field investigations, analysis of geological data and laboratory tests suggested that two important factors have acted together to cause sliding: ground water pressures and toe erosion. Frequency ratio (FR) and stability index mapping (SINMAP) were used to create the landslide susceptibility maps based on a landslide inventory; distance from drainage systems, faults and roads; slope angle and aspect; topographic elevation and topographical wetness index; and vegetation cover. Validation of the models indicated high quality susceptibility maps with the more realistic results were obtained from the statistically based FR model.
Natural Hazards, 2013
ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibi... more ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods and presents the landslide susceptibility map of the territory of Western Carpathians in small scale. This study also describes pioneer work for the territory of Western Carpathians, overreaching state borders, using verified sophisticated statistical methods. In the susceptibility mapping, digital elevation model was first constructed using a GIS software, and parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as geology, seismicity, precipitation, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect and land cover were considered. In the last stage of the analyses, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The validation of the bivariate analysis data was performed using the results of bivariate analysis for landslide areas of Slovakia containing five classes of susceptibility in scale 1:500,000. The validation area is the area of Western Carpathians within Slovakia. Eighty-two per cent of area does not differ in more than one class. The validation of the multivariate analysis data was performed using the results from the Kysuce region in the northern part of Slovakia in scale 1:10,000. The raster calculator was used to express the difference between each pair of pixels within these two layers. Seventy-seven per cent of the pixels do not differ in more than 25 %, 94 % of the pixels do not differ in more than 50 %. The maximal possible difference is 100 % (one pixel with value 0 and other with value 1, or vice versa). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed, the area under curve value for bivariate model was calculated to be 0.735, while it was 0.823 for multivariate. The results of the validation can be considered as satisfactory.
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2004
The consolidation properties of clay samples from a marine environment were examined. Index, tria... more The consolidation properties of clay samples from a marine environment were examined. Index, triaxial and odeometer tests were performed on the undisturbed/disturbed clay samples from 13 boreholes in the Gemlik Gulf (Bursa-Turkey). Laboratory tests indicated that the clays are soft and have a high moisture content and hence are highly compressible. The majority of the clays are unconsolidated due to the accretion rate being faster than the dissipation of pore water.
Applied Clay Science, 2009
Low rise buildings are particularly vulnerable to ground movements sourced from swelling and shri... more Low rise buildings are particularly vulnerable to ground movements sourced from swelling and shrinking of the expansive clay soils. Geotechnical engineers have long recognized that swelling of expansive clays caused by moisture variation may result in considerable damage to the overlying structures, and engineers should take them into the consideration. The literature contains a vast number of stabilizing techniques such as lime, cement, and fly-ash for treatment of expansive clay soils. However the use of gypsum as a stabilizing agent is currently not clear. This paper deals with the performance of the gypsum as an additive for treatment of the expansive clay soils by means of swell potential and strength. Optimum water content for the best compaction of the bentonite was first determined by standard compaction tests. Different quantities of gypsum such as 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% by mass were added to bentonite and compacted in optimum water content obtained. Atterberg limits, free swell and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed on treated and untreated samples, after a curing period of 7 days. Obtained changes in the plasticity, swell percent and strength parameters of treated and untreated samples indicated that gypsum can be used as a stabilizing agent for expansive clay soils, effectively.
This study compares the GIS based collapse susceptibility mapping methods such as; conditional pr... more This study compares the GIS based collapse susceptibility mapping methods such as; conditional probability (CP), logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in gypsum rock masses in Sivas basin (Turkey). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was first constructed using GIS software. Collapse-related factors, directly or indirectly related to the causes of collapse occurrence, such as distance from faults, slope angle and aspect, topographical elevation, distance from drainage, topographic wetness index- TWI, stream power index- SPI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by means of vegetation cover, distance from roads and settlements were used in the collapse susceptibility analyses. In the last stage of the analyses, collapse susceptibility maps were produced from CP, LR and ANN models, and they were then compared by means of their validations. Area Under Curve (AUC) values obtained from all three methodologies showed that the map obtained from ANN model ...
Scientific research and essays
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2014
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014
TheScientificWorldJournal, 2013
This study deals with a methodical identification and evaluation of physical-mechanical propertie... more This study deals with a methodical identification and evaluation of physical-mechanical properties of one genetic type of geological structure. This is represented by an engineering-geological zone of eolian sediments, which is regionally rather abundant. The paper contributes to a need to identify typical soil properties for widespread geological environments in a particular region and thus add to good engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers' awareness in the region. Such information is much required as it permits comparing results of newly conducted engineering-geological investigations and research with the results characteristic for the region in question. It is vital for engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers to be sufficiently informed on the foundation soil properties of widespread geological environments because of professionalism and higher quality of their work results. Comparing other loess sediment studies worldwide it was discovered that the phy...
This article presents a comparison of multiple regression (MR) and artificial neural network (ANN... more This article presents a comparison of multiple regression (MR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of soil suction of clayey soils. The results of the soil suction tests utilizing thermocouple psychrometers on statically compacted specimens of Bentonite-Kaolinite clay mixtures with varying soil properties were used to develope the models. The results obtained from both models were then compared
Environmental Geosciences, 2002
The Sivas-Erzincan highway, a major thoroughfare in Turkey, has been adversely impacted for years... more The Sivas-Erzincan highway, a major thoroughfare in Turkey, has been adversely impacted for years by landslides in the Kızıldag region, resulting in high maintenance costs with time. This article illustrates slope stability problems in clay because of the seasonal effects on the groundwater regime. Clays in the study area act like a fluid and have very low strength parameters when they were saturated with water. Within the landslide debris, the clays are characterized as highly plastic and have a high swelling potential because of the presence of smectite. A factor of safety of 0.89 was calculated during high-precipitation seasons, and a factor of safety of 4.57 was calculated during dry seasons. The stable slope angle was calculated as critically i р 10 Њ . The only certain solutions to minimize landslide hazards along the highway are to control groundwater levels and surface run-off and to change the grade of slope, buttresses at the toe of the slopes, in lieu of relocating the highway on an alternative route.
Natural Hazards, 2013
ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibi... more ABSTRACT This study presented herein compares the bivariate and multivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods and presents the landslide susceptibility map of the territory of Western Carpathians in small scale. This study also describes pioneer work for the territory of Western Carpathians, overreaching state borders, using verified sophisticated statistical methods. In the susceptibility mapping, digital elevation model was first constructed using a GIS software, and parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as geology, seismicity, precipitation, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect and land cover were considered. In the last stage of the analyses, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The validation of the bivariate analysis data was performed using the results of bivariate analysis for landslide areas of Slovakia containing five classes of susceptibility in scale 1:500,000. The validation area is the area of Western Carpathians within Slovakia. Eighty-two per cent of area does not differ in more than one class. The validation of the multivariate analysis data was performed using the results from the Kysuce region in the northern part of Slovakia in scale 1:10,000. The raster calculator was used to express the difference between each pair of pixels within these two layers. Seventy-seven per cent of the pixels do not differ in more than 25 %, 94 % of the pixels do not differ in more than 50 %. The maximal possible difference is 100 % (one pixel with value 0 and other with value 1, or vice versa). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed, the area under curve value for bivariate model was calculated to be 0.735, while it was 0.823 for multivariate. The results of the validation can be considered as satisfactory.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2012
Expert Systems with Applications, 2011
In the recent years, new techniques such as; artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference syste... more In the recent years, new techniques such as; artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems were employed for developing of the predictive models to estimate the needed parameters. Soft computing techniques are now being used as alternate statistical tool. Determination of swell potential of soil is difficult, expensive, time consuming and involves destructive tests. In this paper, use of MLP and RBF functions of ANN (artificial neural networks), ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) for prediction of S% (swell percent) of soil was described, and compared with the traditional statistical model of MR (multiple regression). However the accuracies of ANN and ANFIS models may be evaluated relatively similar. It was found that the constructed RBF exhibited a high performance than MLP, ANFIS and MR for predicting S%. The performance comparison showed that the soft computing system is a good tool for minimizing the uncertainties in the soil engineering projects. The use of soft computing will also may provide new approaches and methodologies, and minimize the potential inconsistency of correlations.
Environmental Geology, 2006
Environmental Geology, 2006
Engineering Geology, 2008
Engineering Geology, 2012
This study deals with the determination of the actual limit angles in the long-term formed subsid... more This study deals with the determination of the actual limit angles in the long-term formed subsidence basin in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin (the remaining part lays in Poland). Here there was the most extensive underground exploitation of black coal in the north-east of the Czech Republic. A limit angle is absolutely decisive in the determination of deep mining influences in relation to the current and future utilisation of this territory. The two CSM and Paskov mine localities on the edge of the subsidence basin were selected for this study, since they could not have been affected by mining in neighbouring mines. On the grounds of the long-term levelling monitoring of points on the surface which started prior to mining, the horizontal distance between the mined out area and the undisturbed ground surface was identified. The impact of limit angle on the surface was calculated by means of the horizontal distance and the established mining depth. Such identified actual limit angles reached the values of 36°at the CSM Mine and 25°for the Paskov Mine. The calculated values are significantly lower when compared with the currently applied empirical values of 57°for the CSM Mine and 56°for the Paskov Mine. This means that the extent of the undermining effects is unambiguously wider by 611 m at the CSM Mine and by 883 m at the Paskov Mine. This study thus establishes the existence of a significantly vaster area influenced by coal deep mining than previously expected. The identified facts lead to the conclusion that regular revisions and follow-up updates of the empirically determined parameters are recommended.
Engineering Geology, 2011
In terms of demands and needs of ground investigation and foundation engineering, the engineering... more In terms of demands and needs of ground investigation and foundation engineering, the engineeringgeological conditions in the underground mining territories represent anthropogenically influenced areas in the most complicated manner, since they suffer the impacts from the underground mining of mineral resources. The subjects of observation are the so-called building site categories, which represent a certain risk factor that must be taken into consideration during foundation engineering and engineering-geological studies in the undermined territories. It is necessary to realise that underground mining is an anthropogenic geodynamic process which significantly varies over time due to mining change, and consequently with variations in the position, shape and size of subsidence in a subsidence basin. All the above mentioned variations should be mandatory knowledge for land use planners, engineering geologists, geotechnicians, foundation engineers and designers because of the evident logicality of these needs. This work presents a case study (Ostrava-Karvina Coal District in the north-east of the Czech Republic) of variations in the building site categories over time, and the results show that the chronology of the changes has a very significant influence in this area of interest. The results of the building site category evaluation imply that the majority of the interest area falls within relatively good conditions for founding all kinds of structures. However, it was then necessary to consider variations over time in the surface area of less suitable building site categories. A trend certainly confirmed the existence of the previously presumed mutual relationship between building site categories and subsidence size distribution. It is apparent from the analytic results of the relationship between building site categories and planned development that the negative impacts of mining have been only partly considered, or completely disregarded, in the development planning process. Consequently, future land use planners should carefully consider these particular building site categories as the most important and significant factors in the undermining of a region. In this manner, development can be successfully planned for present and future safety.
Computers & Geosciences, 2009
The purpose of this study is to compare the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency... more The purpose of this study is to compare the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in the Kat County (Tokat-Turkey). Digital elevation model (DEM) was first constructed using GIS software. Landslide-related factors such as geology, faults, drainage system, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI) and stream power index (SPI) were used in the landslide susceptibility analyses. Landslide susceptibility maps were produced from the frequency ratio, logistic regression and neural networks models, and they were then compared by means of their validations. The higher accuracies of the susceptibility maps for all three models were obtained from the comparison of the landslide susceptibility maps with the known landslide locations. However, respective area under curve (AUC) values of 0.826, 0.842 and 0.852 for frequency ratio, logistic regression and artificial neural networks showed that the map obtained from ANN model is more accurate than the other models, accuracies of all models can be evaluated relatively similar. The results obtained in this study also showed that the frequency ratio model can be used as a simple tool in assessment of landslide susceptibility when a sufficient number of data were obtained. Input process, calculations and output process are very simple and can be readily understood in the frequency ratio model, however logistic regression and neural networks require the conversion of data to ASCII or other formats. Moreover, it is also very hard to process the large amount of data in the statistical package.
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2009
The case study presents GIS-aided statistically and physically based landslide susceptibility map... more The case study presents GIS-aided statistically and physically based landslide susceptibility mapping in the landslide-prone Avutmus district of Sebinkarahisar (Giresun, Turkey). Field investigations, analysis of geological data and laboratory tests suggested that two important factors have acted together to cause sliding: ground water pressures and toe erosion. Frequency ratio (FR) and stability index mapping (SINMAP) were used to create the landslide susceptibility maps based on a landslide inventory; distance from drainage systems, faults and roads; slope angle and aspect; topographic elevation and topographical wetness index; and vegetation cover. Validation of the models indicated high quality susceptibility maps with the more realistic results were obtained from the statistically based FR model.