David Rafael Moulis | Charles University, Prague (original) (raw)
Papers by David Rafael Moulis
Orientalia antiqua nova XXII, 2022
The temple at Moza is truly unique, for the first time in the history of Israel, and thus the Kin... more The temple at Moza is truly unique, for the first time in the history of Israel, and thus the Kingdom of Judah, we have archaeological evidence of a temple whose style we know from the description of Solomon's Temple in the Bible. The discovery of the temple at Tel Moza, which will be written about for decades to come, was made almost by accident thanks to the construction of a highway bridge near Jerusalem. For many years, archaeologists had no idea that the monumental building they had discovered was actually a temple. This, according to preliminary results, existed for most of Iron Age II (about 900 B.C.E.-6 th century B.C.E.). Despite expectations that most Judahite shrines would be abolished during the late 8 th century B.C.E. as a result of religious reforms, the temple is all the more unique.
100 let české staroorientalistiky: České klínopisné bádání, předovýchodní archeologie a spřízněné obory v dokumentech, 2021
Antropomorfní a zoomorfní sošky či plakety patří mezi drobnější nálezy materiální kultury, které ... more Antropomorfní a zoomorfní sošky či plakety patří mezi drobnější nálezy materiální kultury, které jsou nalézány napříč Předním východem. Výklady o tom, za jakým účelem byly předměty vyráběny a používány, se stále liší, a to i z toho důvodu, že se s nimi setkáváme v různých regionech i souvislostech. Proto je potřeba k interpretacím figurek přistupovat s obezřetností a zejména s ohledem na kontext, kde byly objeveny. Obecně lze tyto nálezy spojovat s kultickým životem starověké společnosti a díky nim se můžeme pokusit pochopit podobu rituálů a určité části náboženského systému v Kanaánu a Judsku.
Nový Orient, 2020
The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement ... more The collapse of a number of state systems at the
end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement
of some ethnic groups from the Mediterranean
to its eastern part, where Canaan was
located. The Philistines took advantage of the
weakness of their newly acquired area and established
five major cities—Pentapolis. In many
respects, these well-planned cities reflected the
earlier Mycenaean or Cypriot traditions. This
can be seen, for example, in architecture, cult,
epigraphic inscriptions, pottery vessels, and figurines.
The Philistines followed these customs,
but at the same time they were influenced by
the locals and vice versa. Based on archaeological
records, individual aspects can be examined
and compared, and thus their original
sources can be traced, making it possible to interpret
finds (e.g., temple architecture plans,
horned altars, and cultic vessels) and observe
the extent to which they were influenced by
other regional cultures.
The aim of this article is to understand the foreign influence on Iron Age Judahite sacred archit... more The aim of this article is to understand the foreign influence on Iron Age Judahite sacred architecture, offering and incense altars and clay figurines in the context of the latest archaeological finds from Israel. The important discoveries from the recent years are the Judahite temple at Tel Moz.a, the two-horned Philistine altar from Gath and a “horse and rider” figurine from Moz.a. Searching and analyzing parallels to the archaeological evidence from other sites is key to interpreting them from a different perspective. The architecture of the sanctuary at Moz.a reflects in antis (North Syrian) style that is also known from the Biblical description of the Solomonic temple. Nonetheless, the Arad sanctuary is a mixture of Early Bronze and Iron Age elements. The horned altars from Beer-sheba and Dan or Megiddo in northern Israel are related to the Philistine type which originated in the Aegean region and in Egypt. The motive of horns can be observed across these cultures, but their i...
Orientalia Antiqua Nova XX, Pecha, Lukáš (ed.), 2020
The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement ... more The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement the “Sea People” from the Mediterranean to its eastern part where Canaan was located. The Philistines took advantage of the weakness of their newly acquired area and they established five major cities, a port and a village settlement. In many respects, these well urban-planned cities reflected the original Mycenaean or Cypriot traditions. For example, in cult (the four-horned altars), epigraphic inscriptions, pottery, libation vessels and figurines called “Ashdod” figurines. The Philistines followed these customs, but at the same time they were influenced by the neighbors (Egyptians and Assyrians), locals (Canaanites and Judahites), and vice versa.
Climb the Wall of Uruk… Essays in Honor of Petr Charvát from his Friends, Colleagues and Students. Šašková, Kateřina, (ed.)., 2020
The description of the Solomon's Temple was the only (written) source of the Iron Age sacred arch... more The description of the Solomon's Temple was the only (written) source of the Iron Age sacred architecture in the Kingdom of Judah. Important remains and artefacts were excavated during the second half of the 20 th century and early 21 st century by biblical archaeologists in Israel. According to these finds it is possible to reconstruct origins of architecture and distinguish it between basic long-room and broad-room types. The Iron Age broad-room temple was discovered at Tel Arad and it refers back to the Bronze Age dwellings. An Iron Age building model was found at Khirbet Qeiyafa in this millennium and it is the first material evidence of some elements known from the biblical description of the Solomonic long-room (megaron) type of the temple. It had parallels in the region of Anatolia and Northern Syria at Tell Tayinat and Ain Dara. The similar, not identical architectural style was unearthed at Tel Moza near Jerusalem during the salvage excavation season 2012-2013 and it is again excavated from 2019. This article presents each of the relatively new unique finds from Judah and explains where the inspiration for the builders or architectures is visible.
The Last Century in the History of Judah: The Seventh Century BCE in Archaeological, Historical, and Biblical Perspectives. Čapek, Filip, Lipschits, Oded (eds.), 2019
Vybrané aspekty kulturního vývoje Asie a Afriky, 2018
Historie a kultura asijských zemí, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2018
Kulturní vývoj asijského a afrického kontinentu, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2018
Lukáš Pecha (ed.)
Staré civilizace Asie a Afriky, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2016
Vykládat Bibli: Předpoklady a přísliby teologické exegeze
Granátovník obecný neboli marhaník granátový, latinsky Punica granatum, má své výjimečné postaven... more Granátovník obecný neboli marhaník granátový, latinsky Punica granatum, má své výjimečné postavení mezi ostatními rostlinami a ovocem Předního východu. Je považován za jeden z prvních kultivovaných ovocných stromů starověku. Jeho motiv se objevuje v umění, kultu, ale i v medicíně či ve výrobě. Rostlina pochází z východní Mezopotámie, v níž je její výskyt do-
Acta Fakulty filozofické, Ivo Budil (ed.), 2014
Israel as the Holy Land has been the focus of archaeologists for more than 200 years (the first e... more Israel as the Holy Land has been the focus of archaeologists for more than 200 years (the first excavations took place in 1810 in Ashkelon), and the city of Jerusalem has been explored for almost 180 years (Robinson, 1838). There are a substantial number of archaeologists who have had various motivations to dig in Jerusalem. The understanding of the occupation of this city has been an important issue until the present. This paper approaches the history of excavations as well as the important finds from the part of Jerusalem that is known as the City of David. Excavations in Jerusalem are problematic, because in the Old City there is not too much open space where it is possible to excavate. The majority of the Old City area is covered with modern buildings. There is no possibility for archaeologists to excavate on the platform at the Temple Mount. This is why current research is focused on the City of David, the Ophel and some areas around the Temple Mount (tunnels and the Western Wall Plaza). Only in the City of David is it possible to see continuous settlement from the Epipaleolithic period to the modern period, because of the presence of only one source of water up to the Roman period.
Materiální a duchovní kultura Východu v proměnách času, Lukáš Pecha a kolektiv, 2013
Studentská vědecká konference, č. SVK1-2012-021.
Ve třech významných judských lokalitách lze předpokládat existenci svatyň v průběhu doby železné,... more Ve třech významných judských lokalitách lze předpokládat existenci svatyň v průběhu doby železné, přestože dodnes máme dochovanou pouze jednu. Důvodem, proč tato místa vůbec stojí za pozornost, je to, že se jedná o zatím jediné judské svatyně mimo město Jeruzalém, jež byly řízeny státem. 1 Jaké doklady potvrzují existenci svatyň na těchto místech v době železné? V případě Lakíše jsou to nálezy kultických předmětů a vyobrazení dalších takových artefaktů v královském paláci v Ninive, dokazující přítomnost chrámu. V Beer Ševě byl objeven dnes již opět složený zdobený obětní oltář, celá řada kultických předmětů a Tel Arad poskytl poměrně zachovanou svatyni se čtyřmi stélami a obětním oltářem.
Texty z Kumránu v kontexte pluralitného intertestamentárneho judaizmu, Sidonia Horňanová, Katarína Šoltésova (eds.), 2012
Orientalia antiqua nova XXII, 2022
The temple at Moza is truly unique, for the first time in the history of Israel, and thus the Kin... more The temple at Moza is truly unique, for the first time in the history of Israel, and thus the Kingdom of Judah, we have archaeological evidence of a temple whose style we know from the description of Solomon's Temple in the Bible. The discovery of the temple at Tel Moza, which will be written about for decades to come, was made almost by accident thanks to the construction of a highway bridge near Jerusalem. For many years, archaeologists had no idea that the monumental building they had discovered was actually a temple. This, according to preliminary results, existed for most of Iron Age II (about 900 B.C.E.-6 th century B.C.E.). Despite expectations that most Judahite shrines would be abolished during the late 8 th century B.C.E. as a result of religious reforms, the temple is all the more unique.
100 let české staroorientalistiky: České klínopisné bádání, předovýchodní archeologie a spřízněné obory v dokumentech, 2021
Antropomorfní a zoomorfní sošky či plakety patří mezi drobnější nálezy materiální kultury, které ... more Antropomorfní a zoomorfní sošky či plakety patří mezi drobnější nálezy materiální kultury, které jsou nalézány napříč Předním východem. Výklady o tom, za jakým účelem byly předměty vyráběny a používány, se stále liší, a to i z toho důvodu, že se s nimi setkáváme v různých regionech i souvislostech. Proto je potřeba k interpretacím figurek přistupovat s obezřetností a zejména s ohledem na kontext, kde byly objeveny. Obecně lze tyto nálezy spojovat s kultickým životem starověké společnosti a díky nim se můžeme pokusit pochopit podobu rituálů a určité části náboženského systému v Kanaánu a Judsku.
Nový Orient, 2020
The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement ... more The collapse of a number of state systems at the
end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement
of some ethnic groups from the Mediterranean
to its eastern part, where Canaan was
located. The Philistines took advantage of the
weakness of their newly acquired area and established
five major cities—Pentapolis. In many
respects, these well-planned cities reflected the
earlier Mycenaean or Cypriot traditions. This
can be seen, for example, in architecture, cult,
epigraphic inscriptions, pottery vessels, and figurines.
The Philistines followed these customs,
but at the same time they were influenced by
the locals and vice versa. Based on archaeological
records, individual aspects can be examined
and compared, and thus their original
sources can be traced, making it possible to interpret
finds (e.g., temple architecture plans,
horned altars, and cultic vessels) and observe
the extent to which they were influenced by
other regional cultures.
The aim of this article is to understand the foreign influence on Iron Age Judahite sacred archit... more The aim of this article is to understand the foreign influence on Iron Age Judahite sacred architecture, offering and incense altars and clay figurines in the context of the latest archaeological finds from Israel. The important discoveries from the recent years are the Judahite temple at Tel Moz.a, the two-horned Philistine altar from Gath and a “horse and rider” figurine from Moz.a. Searching and analyzing parallels to the archaeological evidence from other sites is key to interpreting them from a different perspective. The architecture of the sanctuary at Moz.a reflects in antis (North Syrian) style that is also known from the Biblical description of the Solomonic temple. Nonetheless, the Arad sanctuary is a mixture of Early Bronze and Iron Age elements. The horned altars from Beer-sheba and Dan or Megiddo in northern Israel are related to the Philistine type which originated in the Aegean region and in Egypt. The motive of horns can be observed across these cultures, but their i...
Orientalia Antiqua Nova XX, Pecha, Lukáš (ed.), 2020
The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement ... more The collapse of a number of state systems at the end of the Late Bronze Age sparked the movement the “Sea People” from the Mediterranean to its eastern part where Canaan was located. The Philistines took advantage of the weakness of their newly acquired area and they established five major cities, a port and a village settlement. In many respects, these well urban-planned cities reflected the original Mycenaean or Cypriot traditions. For example, in cult (the four-horned altars), epigraphic inscriptions, pottery, libation vessels and figurines called “Ashdod” figurines. The Philistines followed these customs, but at the same time they were influenced by the neighbors (Egyptians and Assyrians), locals (Canaanites and Judahites), and vice versa.
Climb the Wall of Uruk… Essays in Honor of Petr Charvát from his Friends, Colleagues and Students. Šašková, Kateřina, (ed.)., 2020
The description of the Solomon's Temple was the only (written) source of the Iron Age sacred arch... more The description of the Solomon's Temple was the only (written) source of the Iron Age sacred architecture in the Kingdom of Judah. Important remains and artefacts were excavated during the second half of the 20 th century and early 21 st century by biblical archaeologists in Israel. According to these finds it is possible to reconstruct origins of architecture and distinguish it between basic long-room and broad-room types. The Iron Age broad-room temple was discovered at Tel Arad and it refers back to the Bronze Age dwellings. An Iron Age building model was found at Khirbet Qeiyafa in this millennium and it is the first material evidence of some elements known from the biblical description of the Solomonic long-room (megaron) type of the temple. It had parallels in the region of Anatolia and Northern Syria at Tell Tayinat and Ain Dara. The similar, not identical architectural style was unearthed at Tel Moza near Jerusalem during the salvage excavation season 2012-2013 and it is again excavated from 2019. This article presents each of the relatively new unique finds from Judah and explains where the inspiration for the builders or architectures is visible.
The Last Century in the History of Judah: The Seventh Century BCE in Archaeological, Historical, and Biblical Perspectives. Čapek, Filip, Lipschits, Oded (eds.), 2019
Vybrané aspekty kulturního vývoje Asie a Afriky, 2018
Historie a kultura asijských zemí, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2018
Kulturní vývoj asijského a afrického kontinentu, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2018
Lukáš Pecha (ed.)
Staré civilizace Asie a Afriky, Lukáš Pecha (ed.), 2016
Vykládat Bibli: Předpoklady a přísliby teologické exegeze
Granátovník obecný neboli marhaník granátový, latinsky Punica granatum, má své výjimečné postaven... more Granátovník obecný neboli marhaník granátový, latinsky Punica granatum, má své výjimečné postavení mezi ostatními rostlinami a ovocem Předního východu. Je považován za jeden z prvních kultivovaných ovocných stromů starověku. Jeho motiv se objevuje v umění, kultu, ale i v medicíně či ve výrobě. Rostlina pochází z východní Mezopotámie, v níž je její výskyt do-
Acta Fakulty filozofické, Ivo Budil (ed.), 2014
Israel as the Holy Land has been the focus of archaeologists for more than 200 years (the first e... more Israel as the Holy Land has been the focus of archaeologists for more than 200 years (the first excavations took place in 1810 in Ashkelon), and the city of Jerusalem has been explored for almost 180 years (Robinson, 1838). There are a substantial number of archaeologists who have had various motivations to dig in Jerusalem. The understanding of the occupation of this city has been an important issue until the present. This paper approaches the history of excavations as well as the important finds from the part of Jerusalem that is known as the City of David. Excavations in Jerusalem are problematic, because in the Old City there is not too much open space where it is possible to excavate. The majority of the Old City area is covered with modern buildings. There is no possibility for archaeologists to excavate on the platform at the Temple Mount. This is why current research is focused on the City of David, the Ophel and some areas around the Temple Mount (tunnels and the Western Wall Plaza). Only in the City of David is it possible to see continuous settlement from the Epipaleolithic period to the modern period, because of the presence of only one source of water up to the Roman period.
Materiální a duchovní kultura Východu v proměnách času, Lukáš Pecha a kolektiv, 2013
Studentská vědecká konference, č. SVK1-2012-021.
Ve třech významných judských lokalitách lze předpokládat existenci svatyň v průběhu doby železné,... more Ve třech významných judských lokalitách lze předpokládat existenci svatyň v průběhu doby železné, přestože dodnes máme dochovanou pouze jednu. Důvodem, proč tato místa vůbec stojí za pozornost, je to, že se jedná o zatím jediné judské svatyně mimo město Jeruzalém, jež byly řízeny státem. 1 Jaké doklady potvrzují existenci svatyň na těchto místech v době železné? V případě Lakíše jsou to nálezy kultických předmětů a vyobrazení dalších takových artefaktů v královském paláci v Ninive, dokazující přítomnost chrámu. V Beer Ševě byl objeven dnes již opět složený zdobený obětní oltář, celá řada kultických předmětů a Tel Arad poskytl poměrně zachovanou svatyni se čtyřmi stélami a obětním oltářem.
Texty z Kumránu v kontexte pluralitného intertestamentárneho judaizmu, Sidonia Horňanová, Katarína Šoltésova (eds.), 2012
Náboženství bylo od pradávna nedílnou součástí každodenního života. O tom, jak vypadalo náboženst... more Náboženství bylo od pradávna nedílnou součástí každodenního života. O tom, jak vypadalo náboženství starých Izraelitů, nám dává představu především Starý zákon, v posledních desetiletích však můžeme své poznatky čerpat i z přibývajících archeologických nálezů. Kniha Davida R. Moulise přibližuje náboženství Izraele právě z pohledu archeologie a snaží se slovem i obrazem zodpovědět celou řadu otázek.