Dr Snehal S donde | City University of New York (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Snehal S donde

Rivers are known to be a lifeline of the earth's ecosystem and the environment and in indigenous ... more Rivers are known to be a lifeline of the earth's ecosystem and the environment and in indigenous knowledge systems it is often recognized as a mother who nourishes human civilization. However, anthropogenic activities are introducing large amounts of heavy metals which eventually hampers environment's capacity to nurture the nature. In the present study consequences and correlation of heavy metals pollution on water bodies of Bhiwandi city is reported. Theanalysis of samples collected from Kamwari River (at Tilak ghat and Khadipar areas) and other water bodies (Bhadwad, Kopar, Purna, Varala, Diwanshah, Rahnal, Kalher and Narpoli Lake) in Bhiwandi have shown high levels of pollution byAl +3 , Na + , Pb + andMn +2 and lower than acceptable limits ofFe +3 , K + ,Cu +2 andZn +2. The textile dyeing and finishing industries and drainage of sewage directly into the water bodies have led to a rising pollution crisis.Heavy metals carried with the effluents into the aquatic systems generally get bound to particulate matter, which eventually settle down and become incorporated into sediments and also accumulate in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain.This wasindicated by the high rate of water borne diseases and reduced fishery observed in the area since a decade. Therefore, this study was conducted in collaboration with Bhiwandi Municipal Corporation to institutionalize remedial measures. For Kamvari river rejuvenation and restoration of water bodies in Bhiwandi region (city and rural), a top down approach and more participatory action by the civic body and other local administration is suggested, along with installation of full capacity STP (presently only 28%) and regular monitoring of ETP's among others. Community water governance by engrossment of the public and environmental activists in every stages of water management for optimizing potentials in planning, operations, water literacyand restoration is also recommended.

Imperatives of sewage science, 2024

Sewage is a climate linked science in that C and N containing compounds before their final seques... more Sewage is a climate linked science in that C and N containing compounds before their final sequestration stage are the most potential GHGs like CH4 and N2O. Therefore, their sequestration and or fixation is THE AIM of sewage treatment. Besides public health the sewage management is about climate health. All organic compounds in STPs, must be addressed at molecular level and not in terms of tonnage and billions of dollars invested on infrastructure and technology. Rivers are the anaerobic digesters of this planet. The process begins at zero order streams and urbanism has destroyed them long ago. Above all sustainable cities are a myth. Evaluation of conventional STPs reveal that it is a living cell membrane with a sandwich structure and gas diffusion through it goes beyond Boyle's law. Aeration and dilution for pumping convenience is a flawed path. Argument is that if atmospheric oxygen can be taken by a microbe in the aeration process, why do plant cells require Nitrifiers to take atmospheric nitrogen? Although CO2 concentration is 0.04 % against nitrogen (79%). Henry's law if applicable should not permit CO2 uptake by plants. Study reveals that Sewage degradation is an energy releasing path, any external input interferes with the process. Sewage treatment or transfer? Conventional STPs emphasize only gravitational pull. Environmental quality is compromised as the aerosol from the treatment plant is carried in the atmosphere. STPs are throwing in the air Nitrous oxide and aerosol. Oxidation Reduction Potential, ORP, of various molecules forms the basis of organic degradation-a staircase structure through which energy flows from higher status to lower status molecules, elements, following the second law of Thermodynamics. Further this paper explains the Molecular nature of the sludge and conversion of Fecal acetate to Sludge acetate in ASP, achieving nothing in terms of wastewater treatment. Propagating the science of sewage and its dynamics is the goal of this paper.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, Feb 1, 2021

Panihati is historically and traditionally a remarkable holy place of Vaishnavism. Gaudiya Vaishn... more Panihati is historically and traditionally a remarkable holy place of Vaishnavism. Gaudiya Vaishnavism popularly known as 'Bengal Vaishnavism' originated at this place, as it is famous for pastimes of Caitanya Mahaprabhu and Nityanand Mahaprabhu. This place was enriched due to birth, contributions & holy footsteps of many great men again and again. On the bank of holy river Ganga, many temple, hermitage, garden & "Ghat" were constructed during the long past. In the history of 'eternal Hindu religion' of India, name of Panihati was very glorious but at present 'age of materialistic life', these are not being looked properly. Many localities are not even knowing about the contributions, historical values & importance of Dandamohaotsavtala and Gauraga Ghat which were once at the peak of its glory & yet glorious, not only for Bengal but also for rest of India and to some extent at many places of the world as Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu visited Panihati and eternally resides here. Therefore, this paper explains the historical spiritual and cultural importance of the place and the present condition. Also, as religion and the environment have been two subjects that have continually crossed paths, this paper attempts to explore the relationship of religion and the environment with ethnographic approach and unfolds the implications of sedimentation and pollution of river Ganges on the religious sentiments of the devotees and worshippers practicing Vaishnavism. Finally, the study concludes with suggesting West Bengal Government for desilting of Ganges and separate sewer and river channels along with the restoration of Dandamahotsavtala and Gauragna Ghat and declaring these rich places of Vaishnavism in Panihati as pilgrimage heritage sites. This study is intended to build social capital and for the benefits of cultural and heritage tourism.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

India's education system has expanded exponentially and there has been a considerable increas... more India's education system has expanded exponentially and there has been a considerable increase in the spread of educational institutions along with enrolment at every stage. However, there is a meager initiative towards internationalization of higher education and scarcity of skilled manpower which is a potential hurdle to economic progress. The General Agreement in Trade and Services (GATS) is leading to the flourishing of foreign education providers that is believed to meet skills target outcomes by providing high quality education (LaRocque, 2003) for students. Moreover, recently after years of delayed legislation, the Indian government have agreed to allow overseas universities to operate as "non-profit companies" under the newly passed Companies Act, as announced by human resource development (HRD) ministry. This will allow foreign universities to set up campuses and offer degrees without having local partners. It is thus imperative to understand the link between ...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

In the current competitive environment, where, students are expected to perform multi roles with ... more In the current competitive environment, where, students are expected to perform multi roles with efficiency and effectiveness, it is highly needed to develop their emotional intelligence and Personality, towards the unseen complexities of life andquality education(Preeti, 2013). Personality plays significant role in influencing academic achievement. It is often argued that a blend of personality characteristics is necessary for people to be successful in their career (Chowdhury, 2009). Emotional intelligence also plays an important role in Academic and overall success (Preeti, 2013).Emotional intelligence helps individuals to achieve the life quality that will make them successful (Nazan Yelkikalan, 2007). Hence, Personality and Emotional Intelligence are contributing factors of success in life. The teachers, Parents, educators and policy makers continuously attempt, to improve Personality and Emotional Intelligence of the students to help them to become successful in their life. He...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2015

Higher Education is a powerful tool for achieving economic sustainable development. Foreign Educa... more Higher Education is a powerful tool for achieving economic sustainable development. Foreign Education Providers interest is growing rapidly to explore the potential in the Indian education market. Higher education provided by public/private and not-for profit/for profit providers and various forms of imparting education ranging from face to face education to e-learning in internationalization scenario, all this demands for urgent strategic reforms with specific policy guidelines.The higher education sector has in recent years been attracting increasing attention, largely due to its contribution to improving productivity, increasing economic growth, and enhancing innovation and technological capability (Jaramillo & Knight, 2005). The expansion of the sector is considered a necessary condition for growth and expansion in the global economy. Higher education has traditionally been provided by public authorities through public institutions. However, the pressure to expand, income-genera...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

The profession of teaching has a very prestigious place in all professions. A teacher is a kingpi... more The profession of teaching has a very prestigious place in all professions. A teacher is a kingpin in the entire system of education. Almost all cultures of the civilized world have considered their teachers in a very high esteem. They are very often been given names like "Master" "Mentor" and "Guru". To achieve this status teachers throughout the history of civilization have come up to the expectations of the world around them. Most thinkers and philosophers of the past who are still remembered are because they had their disciples and students. Teaching has now become a very demanding occupation with a lot of stresses for a teacher who has a lot of deadlines to meet and a lot of responsibilities to shoulder besides teaching a child what is in a text book.Primarily the role and responsibility of a teacher is multi tasked in the present day school system. This was altogether different just a few years ago. With the change in the type of teaching culture ...

International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS), Nov 4, 2016

Mumbai city and suburban's population is continues increase that will effect on city's fresh wate... more Mumbai city and suburban's population is continues increase that will effect on city's fresh water demand. As per Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation information the city's demand is 4,200 million liters water daily (MLD) but the BMC supplies 3,400 MLD, a shortfall of 800 MLD for the city's 13 million people. The population is projected to grow 16 million by 2021, therefore the water demand will expected to rise 5400 MLD (as per hydraulic expert Madhav Chitale). For future water source, dam's construction is one of the ways to come out from this situation, but it will show some adverse effect on natural and environmental components as well. Rainwater Harvesting emerged as a viable alternative for sustainable development. Rain Water harvesting is a technology used to collect, convey and store rain for later use from relatively clean surfaces such as a roof, land surface or rock catchments. Municipal Corporation established RWH cell in 2006 to ensure implementation of RWH policy for new constructions. As per this policy NOC & occupational certificate are issue to those societies who implemented rainwater harvesting system. Unfortunately RWH plan are maintain on paper and never implement it, but occupational certificate is issued despite of non compliance of norms. As per study, Mumbai suburban's policies success ratio was found 10 %. Thus it's clear that, there is no serious effort or mechanism to ensure implementation of policies by officials. This study try to attempt to explore the efficacy of RWH policy implementation and conducted descriptive survey in Mumbai suburban buildings constructed between 2010 to 2015. The findings of the study revealed that except for few cases the idea never succeeded to any great success. The study recommends serious social and environmental assessment before approving dam projects and strict monitoring mechanism for efficient RWH policy implementation.

The paper addresses the intellectual transformations typical of adolescents. Self concept and ach... more The paper addresses the intellectual transformations typical of adolescents. Self concept and achievement motivations are dependent on different socio-family correlates. Functioning of creativity depend on self concept and achievement motivation. The results indicated that the students who play gadgets and computer had more mean score on creativity, self concept and achievement motivation,

Indian Higher education is undergoing expansion and archaic policies are hampering growth and qua... more Indian Higher education is undergoing expansion and archaic policies are hampering growth and quality. Hence there is urgent need to formulate policies to raise the standards and ranking of Indian Universities

The study is about the Continuous Comprehensive evaluation in Central Board of Secondary Evaluati... more The study is about the Continuous Comprehensive evaluation in Central Board of Secondary Evaluation in India and teacher undergoing stress due to the process

Books by Dr Snehal S donde

Book Chapter , 2022

New Education Policy potential in River rejuvenation and climate change resilience

Rivers are known to be a lifeline of the earth's ecosystem and the environment and in indigenous ... more Rivers are known to be a lifeline of the earth's ecosystem and the environment and in indigenous knowledge systems it is often recognized as a mother who nourishes human civilization. However, anthropogenic activities are introducing large amounts of heavy metals which eventually hampers environment's capacity to nurture the nature. In the present study consequences and correlation of heavy metals pollution on water bodies of Bhiwandi city is reported. Theanalysis of samples collected from Kamwari River (at Tilak ghat and Khadipar areas) and other water bodies (Bhadwad, Kopar, Purna, Varala, Diwanshah, Rahnal, Kalher and Narpoli Lake) in Bhiwandi have shown high levels of pollution byAl +3 , Na + , Pb + andMn +2 and lower than acceptable limits ofFe +3 , K + ,Cu +2 andZn +2. The textile dyeing and finishing industries and drainage of sewage directly into the water bodies have led to a rising pollution crisis.Heavy metals carried with the effluents into the aquatic systems generally get bound to particulate matter, which eventually settle down and become incorporated into sediments and also accumulate in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain.This wasindicated by the high rate of water borne diseases and reduced fishery observed in the area since a decade. Therefore, this study was conducted in collaboration with Bhiwandi Municipal Corporation to institutionalize remedial measures. For Kamvari river rejuvenation and restoration of water bodies in Bhiwandi region (city and rural), a top down approach and more participatory action by the civic body and other local administration is suggested, along with installation of full capacity STP (presently only 28%) and regular monitoring of ETP's among others. Community water governance by engrossment of the public and environmental activists in every stages of water management for optimizing potentials in planning, operations, water literacyand restoration is also recommended.

Imperatives of sewage science, 2024

Sewage is a climate linked science in that C and N containing compounds before their final seques... more Sewage is a climate linked science in that C and N containing compounds before their final sequestration stage are the most potential GHGs like CH4 and N2O. Therefore, their sequestration and or fixation is THE AIM of sewage treatment. Besides public health the sewage management is about climate health. All organic compounds in STPs, must be addressed at molecular level and not in terms of tonnage and billions of dollars invested on infrastructure and technology. Rivers are the anaerobic digesters of this planet. The process begins at zero order streams and urbanism has destroyed them long ago. Above all sustainable cities are a myth. Evaluation of conventional STPs reveal that it is a living cell membrane with a sandwich structure and gas diffusion through it goes beyond Boyle's law. Aeration and dilution for pumping convenience is a flawed path. Argument is that if atmospheric oxygen can be taken by a microbe in the aeration process, why do plant cells require Nitrifiers to take atmospheric nitrogen? Although CO2 concentration is 0.04 % against nitrogen (79%). Henry's law if applicable should not permit CO2 uptake by plants. Study reveals that Sewage degradation is an energy releasing path, any external input interferes with the process. Sewage treatment or transfer? Conventional STPs emphasize only gravitational pull. Environmental quality is compromised as the aerosol from the treatment plant is carried in the atmosphere. STPs are throwing in the air Nitrous oxide and aerosol. Oxidation Reduction Potential, ORP, of various molecules forms the basis of organic degradation-a staircase structure through which energy flows from higher status to lower status molecules, elements, following the second law of Thermodynamics. Further this paper explains the Molecular nature of the sludge and conversion of Fecal acetate to Sludge acetate in ASP, achieving nothing in terms of wastewater treatment. Propagating the science of sewage and its dynamics is the goal of this paper.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, Feb 1, 2021

Panihati is historically and traditionally a remarkable holy place of Vaishnavism. Gaudiya Vaishn... more Panihati is historically and traditionally a remarkable holy place of Vaishnavism. Gaudiya Vaishnavism popularly known as 'Bengal Vaishnavism' originated at this place, as it is famous for pastimes of Caitanya Mahaprabhu and Nityanand Mahaprabhu. This place was enriched due to birth, contributions & holy footsteps of many great men again and again. On the bank of holy river Ganga, many temple, hermitage, garden & "Ghat" were constructed during the long past. In the history of 'eternal Hindu religion' of India, name of Panihati was very glorious but at present 'age of materialistic life', these are not being looked properly. Many localities are not even knowing about the contributions, historical values & importance of Dandamohaotsavtala and Gauraga Ghat which were once at the peak of its glory & yet glorious, not only for Bengal but also for rest of India and to some extent at many places of the world as Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu visited Panihati and eternally resides here. Therefore, this paper explains the historical spiritual and cultural importance of the place and the present condition. Also, as religion and the environment have been two subjects that have continually crossed paths, this paper attempts to explore the relationship of religion and the environment with ethnographic approach and unfolds the implications of sedimentation and pollution of river Ganges on the religious sentiments of the devotees and worshippers practicing Vaishnavism. Finally, the study concludes with suggesting West Bengal Government for desilting of Ganges and separate sewer and river channels along with the restoration of Dandamahotsavtala and Gauragna Ghat and declaring these rich places of Vaishnavism in Panihati as pilgrimage heritage sites. This study is intended to build social capital and for the benefits of cultural and heritage tourism.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

India's education system has expanded exponentially and there has been a considerable increas... more India's education system has expanded exponentially and there has been a considerable increase in the spread of educational institutions along with enrolment at every stage. However, there is a meager initiative towards internationalization of higher education and scarcity of skilled manpower which is a potential hurdle to economic progress. The General Agreement in Trade and Services (GATS) is leading to the flourishing of foreign education providers that is believed to meet skills target outcomes by providing high quality education (LaRocque, 2003) for students. Moreover, recently after years of delayed legislation, the Indian government have agreed to allow overseas universities to operate as "non-profit companies" under the newly passed Companies Act, as announced by human resource development (HRD) ministry. This will allow foreign universities to set up campuses and offer degrees without having local partners. It is thus imperative to understand the link between ...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

In the current competitive environment, where, students are expected to perform multi roles with ... more In the current competitive environment, where, students are expected to perform multi roles with efficiency and effectiveness, it is highly needed to develop their emotional intelligence and Personality, towards the unseen complexities of life andquality education(Preeti, 2013). Personality plays significant role in influencing academic achievement. It is often argued that a blend of personality characteristics is necessary for people to be successful in their career (Chowdhury, 2009). Emotional intelligence also plays an important role in Academic and overall success (Preeti, 2013).Emotional intelligence helps individuals to achieve the life quality that will make them successful (Nazan Yelkikalan, 2007). Hence, Personality and Emotional Intelligence are contributing factors of success in life. The teachers, Parents, educators and policy makers continuously attempt, to improve Personality and Emotional Intelligence of the students to help them to become successful in their life. He...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2015

Higher Education is a powerful tool for achieving economic sustainable development. Foreign Educa... more Higher Education is a powerful tool for achieving economic sustainable development. Foreign Education Providers interest is growing rapidly to explore the potential in the Indian education market. Higher education provided by public/private and not-for profit/for profit providers and various forms of imparting education ranging from face to face education to e-learning in internationalization scenario, all this demands for urgent strategic reforms with specific policy guidelines.The higher education sector has in recent years been attracting increasing attention, largely due to its contribution to improving productivity, increasing economic growth, and enhancing innovation and technological capability (Jaramillo & Knight, 2005). The expansion of the sector is considered a necessary condition for growth and expansion in the global economy. Higher education has traditionally been provided by public authorities through public institutions. However, the pressure to expand, income-genera...

International Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2014

The profession of teaching has a very prestigious place in all professions. A teacher is a kingpi... more The profession of teaching has a very prestigious place in all professions. A teacher is a kingpin in the entire system of education. Almost all cultures of the civilized world have considered their teachers in a very high esteem. They are very often been given names like "Master" "Mentor" and "Guru". To achieve this status teachers throughout the history of civilization have come up to the expectations of the world around them. Most thinkers and philosophers of the past who are still remembered are because they had their disciples and students. Teaching has now become a very demanding occupation with a lot of stresses for a teacher who has a lot of deadlines to meet and a lot of responsibilities to shoulder besides teaching a child what is in a text book.Primarily the role and responsibility of a teacher is multi tasked in the present day school system. This was altogether different just a few years ago. With the change in the type of teaching culture ...

International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS), Nov 4, 2016

Mumbai city and suburban's population is continues increase that will effect on city's fresh wate... more Mumbai city and suburban's population is continues increase that will effect on city's fresh water demand. As per Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation information the city's demand is 4,200 million liters water daily (MLD) but the BMC supplies 3,400 MLD, a shortfall of 800 MLD for the city's 13 million people. The population is projected to grow 16 million by 2021, therefore the water demand will expected to rise 5400 MLD (as per hydraulic expert Madhav Chitale). For future water source, dam's construction is one of the ways to come out from this situation, but it will show some adverse effect on natural and environmental components as well. Rainwater Harvesting emerged as a viable alternative for sustainable development. Rain Water harvesting is a technology used to collect, convey and store rain for later use from relatively clean surfaces such as a roof, land surface or rock catchments. Municipal Corporation established RWH cell in 2006 to ensure implementation of RWH policy for new constructions. As per this policy NOC & occupational certificate are issue to those societies who implemented rainwater harvesting system. Unfortunately RWH plan are maintain on paper and never implement it, but occupational certificate is issued despite of non compliance of norms. As per study, Mumbai suburban's policies success ratio was found 10 %. Thus it's clear that, there is no serious effort or mechanism to ensure implementation of policies by officials. This study try to attempt to explore the efficacy of RWH policy implementation and conducted descriptive survey in Mumbai suburban buildings constructed between 2010 to 2015. The findings of the study revealed that except for few cases the idea never succeeded to any great success. The study recommends serious social and environmental assessment before approving dam projects and strict monitoring mechanism for efficient RWH policy implementation.

The paper addresses the intellectual transformations typical of adolescents. Self concept and ach... more The paper addresses the intellectual transformations typical of adolescents. Self concept and achievement motivations are dependent on different socio-family correlates. Functioning of creativity depend on self concept and achievement motivation. The results indicated that the students who play gadgets and computer had more mean score on creativity, self concept and achievement motivation,

Indian Higher education is undergoing expansion and archaic policies are hampering growth and qua... more Indian Higher education is undergoing expansion and archaic policies are hampering growth and quality. Hence there is urgent need to formulate policies to raise the standards and ranking of Indian Universities

The study is about the Continuous Comprehensive evaluation in Central Board of Secondary Evaluati... more The study is about the Continuous Comprehensive evaluation in Central Board of Secondary Evaluation in India and teacher undergoing stress due to the process

Book Chapter , 2022

New Education Policy potential in River rejuvenation and climate change resilience