Elisa Riedo | City University of New York (original) (raw)
Papers by Elisa Riedo
Journal of Applied Physics
The effect of tip radius on atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is investigated through... more The effect of tip radius on atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is investigated through indentation on the (111) face of a gold single crystal. The hardness is derived using two different methods: by measuring directly the projected area of the residual indent with AFM images and by measuring the cross-sectional area of the indenter before and after each nanoindentation test. The hardness values obtained from the cross-sectional area of the indenter are comparable with those obtained from images of the residual indent scanned with a sharp tip. Two AFM tips of average radii of 70±12 and 112±26 nm are used to indent the sample to various depths ranging from 4 to 50 nm. For depths above 30 nm, hardness values remain constant around 500 MPa for both indenters. For depths below 30 nm, the hardness increases as the indent depth decreases for the sharp and blunt indenters, and the indent depth dependence is observed over a wider depth range for the sharp indenter. For depths belo...
A nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) combines nanometer-sized actuators, sensors and electronic... more A nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) combines nanometer-sized actuators, sensors and electronic devices into a complex circuit. An intense effort has been made to develop versatile NEMS for the miniaturization of the existing devices and to design the new ones, with a wide range of applications in the field of electronics, chemistry and biology. All applications require a good understanding of the mechanical properties at the nanoscale and their influence on the other physical/chemical properties. In this chapter, the size dependence of the mechanical properties of nanostructures is discussed in detail and the influence of surface effects, defects and phase transitions is reviewed. The most commonly used techniques for studying the mechanical properties at the nanoscale are described and the potential applications of NEMS in biological/chemical sensing, data storage, telecommunications and electrical power generation are also presented.
Applied Physics Letters
©2009 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one a... more ©2009 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/95/051904/1 DOI: 10.1063/1.3177065 We present a method, polarized Raman (PR) spectroscopy combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), to characterize in situ and nondestructively the structure and the physical properties of individual nanostructures. PR-AFM applied to individual ZnO nanobelts reveals the interplay between growth direction, point defects, morphology, and mechanical properties of these nanostructures. In particular, we find that the presence of point defects can decrease the elastic modulus of the nanobelts by one order of magnitude. More generally, PR-AFM can be extended to different types of nanostructures, which can be in as-fabricated devices.
Nanostructures have potential applications as electronic components, catalysts, sensors, biomarke... more Nanostructures have potential applications as electronic components, catalysts, sensors, biomarkers, and energy harvesters. Control over their morphology and structure is essential, since their physical properties depend on their dimensions and crystallographic structure. Although in situ transmission electron microscopy can correlate the structure and physical properties of individual one-dimensional nanostructures, it usually damages the sample and is unable to recover the characterized nanostructure for next-step device fabrication and application. Here, we demonstrate a method combining atomic force microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy to characterize in situ the morphology, crystal structure and physical properties of individual nanostructures that can be as-fabricated devices without sample damage. Based on scanning probe microscopy, our method can be extended to study the electronic, mechanical, and tribological properties of inorganic/biological nanostructures.
Nature Material
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their exceptional thermal, mechanical and electrical p... more Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their exceptional thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. For many CNT applications it is of the foremost importance to know their frictional properties. However, very little is known about the frictional forces between an individual nanotube and a substrate or tip. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the frictional forces encountered by a nanosize tip sliding on top of a supported multiwall CNT along a direction parallel or transverse to the CNT axis. Surprisingly, we find a higher friction coefficient in the transverse direction compared with the parallel direction. This behaviour is explained by a simulation showing that transverse friction elicits a soft 'hindered rolling' of the tube and a frictional dissipation that is absent, or partially absent for chiral CNTs, when the tip slides parallel to the CNT axis. Our findings can help in developing better strategies for large-scale CNT assemblin...
Nano Letters
The Young's modulus of ZnO nanobelts was measured with an atomic force microscope by means of... more The Young's modulus of ZnO nanobelts was measured with an atomic force microscope by means of the modulated nanoindentation method. The elastic modulus was found to depend strongly on the width-to-thickness ratio of the nanobelt, decreasing from about 100 to 10 GPa, as the width-to-thickness ratio increases from 1.2 to 10.3. This surprising behavior is explained by a growth-direction-dependent aspect ratio and the presence of stacking faults in nanobelts growing along particular directions.
Nature materials, Jan 15, 2015
Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and MoS2, are films of a few atomic layers in thickne... more Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and MoS2, are films of a few atomic layers in thickness with strong in-plane bonds and weak interactions between the layers. The in-plane elasticity has been widely studied in bending experiments where a suspended film is deformed substantially; however, little is known about the films' elastic modulus perpendicular to the planes, as the measurement of the out-of-plane elasticity of supported 2D films requires indentation depths smaller than the films' interlayer distance. Here, we report on sub-ångström-resolution indentation measurements of the perpendicular-to-the-plane elasticity of 2D materials. Our indentation data, combined with semi-analytical models and density functional theory, are then used to study the perpendicular elasticity of few-layer-thick graphene and graphene oxide films. We find that the perpendicular Young's modulus of graphene oxide films reaches a maximum when one complete water layer is intercalated be...
... the combination of techniques from both the top-down and the bottom-up approaches. ... to dat... more ... the combination of techniques from both the top-down and the bottom-up approaches. ... to date for the pattern-ing of conjugated polymers are electrodeposition [84], electrospinning ... 88–89], scanning near-field optical lithography [90–91], thermochemical nanopatterning [92], and ...
The Review of scientific instruments, 2012
This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various... more This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various optical spectroscopies, with a particular focus on Raman spectroscopy. Efforts to combine SPM with optical spectroscopy will be described, and the technical difficulties encountered will be examined. These efforts have so far focused mainly on the development of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a powerful technique to detect and image chemical signatures with single molecule sensitivity, which will be reviewed. Beyond tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or topography measurements, combinations of SPM with optical spectroscopy have a great potential in the characterization of structure and quantitative measurements of physical properties, such as mechanical, optical, or electrical properties, in delicate biological samples and nanomaterials. The different approaches to improve the spatial resolution, the chemical sensitivity, and the accuracy of physical properties measurements will be d...
Physical Review B, 2001
Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we address C 1s core-level shifts in amor... more Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we address C 1s core-level shifts in amorphous carbon. Experimental results are obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on thin-film samples of different atomic density, obtained by a pulsed-laser deposition growth process. The XPS spectra are deconvoluted into two contributions, which are attributed to sp2- and sp3-hybridized atoms, respectively,
Nanoscale, 2014
The units of RNA, termed ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), have been recently found as the m... more The units of RNA, termed ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), have been recently found as the most abundant defects present in DNA. Despite the relevance, it is largely unknown if and how rNMPs embedded in DNA can change the DNA structure and mechanical properties. Here, we report that rNMPs incorporated in DNA can change the elastic properties of DNA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule elasticity measurements show that rNMP intrusions in short DNA duplexes can decrease--by 32%--or slightly increase the stretch modulus of DNA molecules for two sequences reported in this study. Molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify a series of significant local structural alterations of DNA containing embedded rNMPs, especially at the rNMPs and nucleotide 3' to the rNMP sites. The demonstrated ability of rNMPs to locally alter DNA mechanical properties and structure may help in understanding how such intrusions impact DNA biological functions and find applications in structural DNA and RNA nanotechnology.
... VV Afanas'ev, A. Stesmans 2027 Aluminum-seeded growt... more ... VV Afanas'ev, A. Stesmans 2027 Aluminum-seeded growth of microcrystalline Si thin film onto SnO2 substrate Chang Hyun Lee, Koeng Su Lim MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2030 Growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy in grazing-incidence deposited magnetic films ...
Knowing the behavior of water in small volumes is essential for the understanding of many process... more Knowing the behavior of water in small volumes is essential for the understanding of many processes in biology, tribology, and geophysics. Water under nano-confinement plays a crucial role in biological and technological systems. Here, we report an experiment in which an atomic force microscope tip approaches a flat solid surface in purified water, while small lateral oscillations are applied to
Journal of Applied Physics
The effect of tip radius on atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is investigated through... more The effect of tip radius on atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is investigated through indentation on the (111) face of a gold single crystal. The hardness is derived using two different methods: by measuring directly the projected area of the residual indent with AFM images and by measuring the cross-sectional area of the indenter before and after each nanoindentation test. The hardness values obtained from the cross-sectional area of the indenter are comparable with those obtained from images of the residual indent scanned with a sharp tip. Two AFM tips of average radii of 70±12 and 112±26 nm are used to indent the sample to various depths ranging from 4 to 50 nm. For depths above 30 nm, hardness values remain constant around 500 MPa for both indenters. For depths below 30 nm, the hardness increases as the indent depth decreases for the sharp and blunt indenters, and the indent depth dependence is observed over a wider depth range for the sharp indenter. For depths belo...
A nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) combines nanometer-sized actuators, sensors and electronic... more A nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) combines nanometer-sized actuators, sensors and electronic devices into a complex circuit. An intense effort has been made to develop versatile NEMS for the miniaturization of the existing devices and to design the new ones, with a wide range of applications in the field of electronics, chemistry and biology. All applications require a good understanding of the mechanical properties at the nanoscale and their influence on the other physical/chemical properties. In this chapter, the size dependence of the mechanical properties of nanostructures is discussed in detail and the influence of surface effects, defects and phase transitions is reviewed. The most commonly used techniques for studying the mechanical properties at the nanoscale are described and the potential applications of NEMS in biological/chemical sensing, data storage, telecommunications and electrical power generation are also presented.
Applied Physics Letters
©2009 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one a... more ©2009 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/95/051904/1 DOI: 10.1063/1.3177065 We present a method, polarized Raman (PR) spectroscopy combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), to characterize in situ and nondestructively the structure and the physical properties of individual nanostructures. PR-AFM applied to individual ZnO nanobelts reveals the interplay between growth direction, point defects, morphology, and mechanical properties of these nanostructures. In particular, we find that the presence of point defects can decrease the elastic modulus of the nanobelts by one order of magnitude. More generally, PR-AFM can be extended to different types of nanostructures, which can be in as-fabricated devices.
Nanostructures have potential applications as electronic components, catalysts, sensors, biomarke... more Nanostructures have potential applications as electronic components, catalysts, sensors, biomarkers, and energy harvesters. Control over their morphology and structure is essential, since their physical properties depend on their dimensions and crystallographic structure. Although in situ transmission electron microscopy can correlate the structure and physical properties of individual one-dimensional nanostructures, it usually damages the sample and is unable to recover the characterized nanostructure for next-step device fabrication and application. Here, we demonstrate a method combining atomic force microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy to characterize in situ the morphology, crystal structure and physical properties of individual nanostructures that can be as-fabricated devices without sample damage. Based on scanning probe microscopy, our method can be extended to study the electronic, mechanical, and tribological properties of inorganic/biological nanostructures.
Nature Material
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their exceptional thermal, mechanical and electrical p... more Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for their exceptional thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. For many CNT applications it is of the foremost importance to know their frictional properties. However, very little is known about the frictional forces between an individual nanotube and a substrate or tip. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the frictional forces encountered by a nanosize tip sliding on top of a supported multiwall CNT along a direction parallel or transverse to the CNT axis. Surprisingly, we find a higher friction coefficient in the transverse direction compared with the parallel direction. This behaviour is explained by a simulation showing that transverse friction elicits a soft 'hindered rolling' of the tube and a frictional dissipation that is absent, or partially absent for chiral CNTs, when the tip slides parallel to the CNT axis. Our findings can help in developing better strategies for large-scale CNT assemblin...
Nano Letters
The Young's modulus of ZnO nanobelts was measured with an atomic force microscope by means of... more The Young's modulus of ZnO nanobelts was measured with an atomic force microscope by means of the modulated nanoindentation method. The elastic modulus was found to depend strongly on the width-to-thickness ratio of the nanobelt, decreasing from about 100 to 10 GPa, as the width-to-thickness ratio increases from 1.2 to 10.3. This surprising behavior is explained by a growth-direction-dependent aspect ratio and the presence of stacking faults in nanobelts growing along particular directions.
Nature materials, Jan 15, 2015
Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and MoS2, are films of a few atomic layers in thickne... more Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and MoS2, are films of a few atomic layers in thickness with strong in-plane bonds and weak interactions between the layers. The in-plane elasticity has been widely studied in bending experiments where a suspended film is deformed substantially; however, little is known about the films' elastic modulus perpendicular to the planes, as the measurement of the out-of-plane elasticity of supported 2D films requires indentation depths smaller than the films' interlayer distance. Here, we report on sub-ångström-resolution indentation measurements of the perpendicular-to-the-plane elasticity of 2D materials. Our indentation data, combined with semi-analytical models and density functional theory, are then used to study the perpendicular elasticity of few-layer-thick graphene and graphene oxide films. We find that the perpendicular Young's modulus of graphene oxide films reaches a maximum when one complete water layer is intercalated be...
... the combination of techniques from both the top-down and the bottom-up approaches. ... to dat... more ... the combination of techniques from both the top-down and the bottom-up approaches. ... to date for the pattern-ing of conjugated polymers are electrodeposition [84], electrospinning ... 88–89], scanning near-field optical lithography [90–91], thermochemical nanopatterning [92], and ...
The Review of scientific instruments, 2012
This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various... more This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various optical spectroscopies, with a particular focus on Raman spectroscopy. Efforts to combine SPM with optical spectroscopy will be described, and the technical difficulties encountered will be examined. These efforts have so far focused mainly on the development of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a powerful technique to detect and image chemical signatures with single molecule sensitivity, which will be reviewed. Beyond tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or topography measurements, combinations of SPM with optical spectroscopy have a great potential in the characterization of structure and quantitative measurements of physical properties, such as mechanical, optical, or electrical properties, in delicate biological samples and nanomaterials. The different approaches to improve the spatial resolution, the chemical sensitivity, and the accuracy of physical properties measurements will be d...
Physical Review B, 2001
Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we address C 1s core-level shifts in amor... more Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we address C 1s core-level shifts in amorphous carbon. Experimental results are obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on thin-film samples of different atomic density, obtained by a pulsed-laser deposition growth process. The XPS spectra are deconvoluted into two contributions, which are attributed to sp2- and sp3-hybridized atoms, respectively,
Nanoscale, 2014
The units of RNA, termed ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), have been recently found as the m... more The units of RNA, termed ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), have been recently found as the most abundant defects present in DNA. Despite the relevance, it is largely unknown if and how rNMPs embedded in DNA can change the DNA structure and mechanical properties. Here, we report that rNMPs incorporated in DNA can change the elastic properties of DNA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule elasticity measurements show that rNMP intrusions in short DNA duplexes can decrease--by 32%--or slightly increase the stretch modulus of DNA molecules for two sequences reported in this study. Molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify a series of significant local structural alterations of DNA containing embedded rNMPs, especially at the rNMPs and nucleotide 3' to the rNMP sites. The demonstrated ability of rNMPs to locally alter DNA mechanical properties and structure may help in understanding how such intrusions impact DNA biological functions and find applications in structural DNA and RNA nanotechnology.
... VV Afanas'ev, A. Stesmans 2027 Aluminum-seeded growt... more ... VV Afanas'ev, A. Stesmans 2027 Aluminum-seeded growth of microcrystalline Si thin film onto SnO2 substrate Chang Hyun Lee, Koeng Su Lim MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2030 Growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy in grazing-incidence deposited magnetic films ...
Knowing the behavior of water in small volumes is essential for the understanding of many process... more Knowing the behavior of water in small volumes is essential for the understanding of many processes in biology, tribology, and geophysics. Water under nano-confinement plays a crucial role in biological and technological systems. Here, we report an experiment in which an atomic force microscope tip approaches a flat solid surface in purified water, while small lateral oscillations are applied to