Dr Linda Portsmouth | Curtin University (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Linda Portsmouth

Global Journal of Health Science, 2022

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and t... more BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and the dramatic increase in its prevalence and associated poor health outcomes pose serious concerns among Arabic-speaking countries. AIM: This scoping review seeks to identify the characteristics and assess the effectiveness of school-based health promotion interventions on prevention or reduction of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. This review further describes the implementation and evaluation of nutrition and physical activity interventions and their measured health outcomes for schools in Arabic speaking countries. METHODS: We searched 10 electronic databases (PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ERIC, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCO Host and Global Health) from 2010 to 2020 for studies evaluating school-based health promotion interventions on obesity or overweight among children and adolescents in Arab speaking countries. S...

Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and pos... more Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during COVID-19 among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years in Jeddah, KSA. Descriptive statistics were used to present data summaries. Continuous variables were presented as means with standard deviations or median with interquartile range and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. We used Chi-square tests to compare knowledge, attitude and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and to compare between both sexes. Univariate and multivariate logistic reg...

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services

This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hal... more This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hall, an on-campus student accommodation facility at a university in Victoria, Australia. Diet sustainability refers to measures to minimise adverse environmental impacts attributable to food production. A qualitative evaluation of this initiative was conducted during 2016 including interviews with both residents and staff. The results depict a grass-roots initiative that evolved to become a deeply embedded component of organisational identity. Social marketing strategies were employed at multiple governance levels, including: (i) residents, (ii) staff and (iii) college. The evaluation data from this study provides indication of the key drivers of success in motivating consumers (residents) to engage with and embrace diet sustainability interventions and demonstrates the utility of community-based social marketing (CBSM) in informing such initiatives.

Health, Illness and Wellbeing: Perspectives and Social Determinants introduces students to the im... more Health, Illness and Wellbeing: Perspectives and Social Determinants introduces students to the important ideas that underlie the field of public health today. Written for beginning students, it provides an overview of the forces and trends that combine to shape the health of individuals, communities, and populations, within a conceptual framework of determinants of health. The book examines the biological, environmental, social, cultural and economic determinants of health, within the context of their causes and interrelationships. It is structured to enable students to understand and reflect upon health; how it is informed by biological, environmental, and social factors that affect whole populations. More advanced sections of the book focus on the social, cultural and economic determinants of health to show the ways in which the experience of health is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which people live. Through its perspective of considering the causes of health, rather than simply the effects of health status in society, the book provides students with the basis for a career in any of the health sciences where insight into the meaning of health will allow for the development of effective practice and greater sensitivity to the needs of the community

ABSTRACT This book introduces students to the nature and importance of communication in the healt... more ABSTRACT This book introduces students to the nature and importance of communication in the health sciences, with comprehensive coverage of all the written, electronic, visual and interpersonal communication skills essential for professions in the health sciences. This new edition has been completely restructured with a more logical flow, building skills and giving students the best access to information.

BMC Public Health, 2013

Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutional... more Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutionalisation phases of a completely smoke free campus policy at a large Western Australian university with a diverse student and staff community. Methods: An online survey was randomly emailed to staff and students to measure the attitudes towards and the acceptability and enforcement of the policy prior to implementation. In total, 969 respondents completed the survey. Results: General attitudes towards smoking were negative. While smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were supportive of smoke free policy on campus, 65.7% of respondents felt the campus should be completely smoke free. Respondents indicated a smoke free policy should be stringently enforced. The majority of respondents reported that they had been exposed to secondhand smoke on campus (n = 768; 79.5%). Conclusion: Theory of Organisational Change provides a useful framework to support the implementation of the completely smoke free policy in the University setting. The implementation process needs to consider the broad range of issues associated with implementing a completely smoke free policy and address issues such as safety of smokers, ensuring smokers are not marginalised and ensuring a comprehensive program is implemented. These baseline findings can be used to advocate for the implementation of a comprehensive range of strategies that recognise the addictive nature of tobacco smoking and address attitude and behaviour change, environmental adaptations and effective implementation of the policy. Administration should consider smokers and non-smokers when policy is implemented.

BMC Research Notes, 2016

Background: Total smoking bans have been found to contribute positively to the health of non-smok... more Background: Total smoking bans have been found to contribute positively to the health of non-smokers by reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, and to enhance the likelihood of cessation among smokers. Methods: Two cross-sectional electronic surveys of staff and students at a large Australian university were conducted prior (n = 969) and 1 year post (n = 670) the implementation of a smoke free campus policy. Demographics, tobacco use, intention to quit, attitudes towards smoking and smoking restrictions and awareness of and attitudes towards the campus smoking policy were measured. Results: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) one year after policy implementation. Smoking prevalence was similar at both time periods (T1 9.3 %; T2 8.4 %) and over half of smokers indicated they were planning to quit smoking in the future (T1 65.5 vs T2 62.3 %). There was a significant increase in positive responses to the statement the campus should be totally smoke free including all outdoor areas at T2 compared to T1 (T1 60.8 vs T2 71.4 %; p < 0.001), however respondents felt there should be places on campus for smokers to smoke (T1 53.6 vs T2 47 %; p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study found a significant positive difference in exposure SHS after implementation of the total ban. Although prevalence of smoking in this study was low, the proportion of respondents who were contemplating smoking cessation suggests support for smokers would be beneficial. Continued awareness raising, education and enforcement is likely to enhance the long term outcomes of the total ban.

Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young uni-versity s... more Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young uni-versity students. The university environment is conducive to excessive alcohol consumption with studies finding young university students to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-univer-sity peers. Methods: A random sample of 18- 24-year-old undergraduate, internal university stu-dents completed a survey (n = 2465) to investigate differences in self-reported personal, second-hand and witnessed alcohol-related harms, alcohol expectancies, pre-loading, and friends ’ alcohol consumption between low risk and hazardous drinkers. Univariate and multivariate analyses are reported. Results: Almost 40 % of students who had consumed alcohol in the past year reported drinking at hazardous levels. Univariate analyses found students who reported hazardous drink-ing reported significantly higher scores relating to experienced, second-hand, witnessed and aca-demic problems compared to low risk drinkers....

As a health practitioner, you may need to communicate about health with an entire community. In t... more As a health practitioner, you may need to communicate about health with an entire community. In this chapter we define what a community is and how you can engage with members of the community to communicate with them about health. We also consider how communities learn and how they can take control of their own health. Advice is given on how to develop effective dialogues with communities.

... Colin Marshall School of Pharmacy who generously gave their time and expertise in order to ..... more ... Colin Marshall School of Pharmacy who generously gave their time and expertise in order to ... Physiotherapy Sonj Hall Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health Linda Jackson Health ... edition This year, credit and many thanks must go to Melanie Griffiths, from the ...

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Rob Donovan for his geniu... more I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Rob Donovan for his genius, unending patience and unswerving support. This is dedicated to my husband Allan for his gentle encouragement and his trust that he would eventually get his wife back-and to our children Kate and Michael, who spent too much time without their mother while this thesis was written.

BMJ Open, 2021

Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the preval... more Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly over the last three decades. The level of childhood overweight and obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is high and continues to increase. This study will explore factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents and identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of comprehensive school-based obesity prevention interventions. Methods and analysis Socioecological model will inform this mixed-methods study. The study will include three phases: (1) a scoping review of the literature; (2) the development of a student survey instrument and (3) a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey targeting students aged 12–15 years with the collection of the students’ height and weight measurements; one-on-one interviews with physical education teachers and school principals; and the administration of s...

This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hal... more This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hall, an on-campus student accommodation facility at a Victorian university in Australia. A qualitative evaluation of this initiative was conducted during 2016 including interviews with both residents and staff. Results depicted a grass-roots initiative that evolved to become a deeply embedded component of organisational identity. Social marketing strategies were employed at multiple governance levels, including (i) resident, (ii) staff, and (iii) college levels. The evaluation data from this study provides indication of the key drivers of success in motivating consumers (residents) to engage with and embrace diet sustainability interventions and demonstrates the utility of community-based social marketing (CBSM) in informing such initiatives.

Handbook of Social Inclusion

BMC Public Health

Background Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance ... more Background Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance connectedness, an important protective factor of social and emotional health. However, young Australians participating in sport have been found to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-sporting peers, and many clubs serve unhealthy food and beverages. This study explored the association between the dependent variable, level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and connectedness to club and other health behaviours among young people aged 18–30 years who play club sport in Western Australia. Methods An online cross sectional survey measured levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), alcohol-related harm, connectedness (including volunteering and team cohesion), mental wellbeing, healthy food options and club sponsorship among young adults aged 18–30 years involved in sports clubs in Western Australia (n = 242). Relationships and association between the dependent variable (AUDIT-C) and in...

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015

Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young university st... more Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young university students. The university environment is conducive to excessive alcohol consumption with studies finding young university students to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-university peers. Methods: A random sample of 18 -24-year-old undergraduate, internal university students completed a survey (n = 2465) to investigate differences in self-reported personal, secondhand and witnessed alcohol-related harms, alcohol expectancies, pre-loading, and friends' alcohol consumption between low risk and hazardous drinkers. Univariate and multivariate analyses are reported. Results: Almost 40% of students who had consumed alcohol in the past year reported drinking at hazardous levels. Univariate analyses found students who reported hazardous drinking reported significantly higher scores relating to experienced, second-hand, witnessed and academic problems compared to low risk drinkers. Hazardous drinkers were also more likely to pre-load, to drink at higher levels when pre-loading, have more friends who drank alcohol, have more friends who drank at hazardous levels and to score higher on alcohol expectancies. However both low risk and hazardous drinkers experienced a range of harms due to their own drinking including hangover (71.2%), unprotected sex (19.3%), regretted sex (16.8%) and drink-driving (17%). Looking after an intoxicated student (34.3%) and witnessing someone pass out (37.5%) were issues for all drinkers. Experienced alcohol related harms, academic problems, alcohol expectancies, close friends' level of alcohol consumption, pre-loading in the last four weeks and level of consumption when pre-loading were predictors of hazardous drinking (p < S. Burns et al.

BMC Public Health, 2013

Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutional... more Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutionalisation phases of a completely smoke free campus policy at a large Western Australian university with a diverse student and staff community. Methods: An online survey was randomly emailed to staff and students to measure the attitudes towards and the acceptability and enforcement of the policy prior to implementation. In total, 969 respondents completed the survey.

Global Journal of Health Science, 2022

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and t... more BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and the dramatic increase in its prevalence and associated poor health outcomes pose serious concerns among Arabic-speaking countries. AIM: This scoping review seeks to identify the characteristics and assess the effectiveness of school-based health promotion interventions on prevention or reduction of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. This review further describes the implementation and evaluation of nutrition and physical activity interventions and their measured health outcomes for schools in Arabic speaking countries. METHODS: We searched 10 electronic databases (PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ERIC, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCO Host and Global Health) from 2010 to 2020 for studies evaluating school-based health promotion interventions on obesity or overweight among children and adolescents in Arab speaking countries. S...

Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and pos... more Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during COVID-19 among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years in Jeddah, KSA. Descriptive statistics were used to present data summaries. Continuous variables were presented as means with standard deviations or median with interquartile range and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. We used Chi-square tests to compare knowledge, attitude and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and to compare between both sexes. Univariate and multivariate logistic reg...

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services

This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hal... more This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hall, an on-campus student accommodation facility at a university in Victoria, Australia. Diet sustainability refers to measures to minimise adverse environmental impacts attributable to food production. A qualitative evaluation of this initiative was conducted during 2016 including interviews with both residents and staff. The results depict a grass-roots initiative that evolved to become a deeply embedded component of organisational identity. Social marketing strategies were employed at multiple governance levels, including: (i) residents, (ii) staff and (iii) college. The evaluation data from this study provides indication of the key drivers of success in motivating consumers (residents) to engage with and embrace diet sustainability interventions and demonstrates the utility of community-based social marketing (CBSM) in informing such initiatives.

Health, Illness and Wellbeing: Perspectives and Social Determinants introduces students to the im... more Health, Illness and Wellbeing: Perspectives and Social Determinants introduces students to the important ideas that underlie the field of public health today. Written for beginning students, it provides an overview of the forces and trends that combine to shape the health of individuals, communities, and populations, within a conceptual framework of determinants of health. The book examines the biological, environmental, social, cultural and economic determinants of health, within the context of their causes and interrelationships. It is structured to enable students to understand and reflect upon health; how it is informed by biological, environmental, and social factors that affect whole populations. More advanced sections of the book focus on the social, cultural and economic determinants of health to show the ways in which the experience of health is influenced by the characteristics of the society in which people live. Through its perspective of considering the causes of health, rather than simply the effects of health status in society, the book provides students with the basis for a career in any of the health sciences where insight into the meaning of health will allow for the development of effective practice and greater sensitivity to the needs of the community

ABSTRACT This book introduces students to the nature and importance of communication in the healt... more ABSTRACT This book introduces students to the nature and importance of communication in the health sciences, with comprehensive coverage of all the written, electronic, visual and interpersonal communication skills essential for professions in the health sciences. This new edition has been completely restructured with a more logical flow, building skills and giving students the best access to information.

BMC Public Health, 2013

Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutional... more Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutionalisation phases of a completely smoke free campus policy at a large Western Australian university with a diverse student and staff community. Methods: An online survey was randomly emailed to staff and students to measure the attitudes towards and the acceptability and enforcement of the policy prior to implementation. In total, 969 respondents completed the survey. Results: General attitudes towards smoking were negative. While smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were supportive of smoke free policy on campus, 65.7% of respondents felt the campus should be completely smoke free. Respondents indicated a smoke free policy should be stringently enforced. The majority of respondents reported that they had been exposed to secondhand smoke on campus (n = 768; 79.5%). Conclusion: Theory of Organisational Change provides a useful framework to support the implementation of the completely smoke free policy in the University setting. The implementation process needs to consider the broad range of issues associated with implementing a completely smoke free policy and address issues such as safety of smokers, ensuring smokers are not marginalised and ensuring a comprehensive program is implemented. These baseline findings can be used to advocate for the implementation of a comprehensive range of strategies that recognise the addictive nature of tobacco smoking and address attitude and behaviour change, environmental adaptations and effective implementation of the policy. Administration should consider smokers and non-smokers when policy is implemented.

BMC Research Notes, 2016

Background: Total smoking bans have been found to contribute positively to the health of non-smok... more Background: Total smoking bans have been found to contribute positively to the health of non-smokers by reducing exposure to secondhand smoke, and to enhance the likelihood of cessation among smokers. Methods: Two cross-sectional electronic surveys of staff and students at a large Australian university were conducted prior (n = 969) and 1 year post (n = 670) the implementation of a smoke free campus policy. Demographics, tobacco use, intention to quit, attitudes towards smoking and smoking restrictions and awareness of and attitudes towards the campus smoking policy were measured. Results: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) one year after policy implementation. Smoking prevalence was similar at both time periods (T1 9.3 %; T2 8.4 %) and over half of smokers indicated they were planning to quit smoking in the future (T1 65.5 vs T2 62.3 %). There was a significant increase in positive responses to the statement the campus should be totally smoke free including all outdoor areas at T2 compared to T1 (T1 60.8 vs T2 71.4 %; p < 0.001), however respondents felt there should be places on campus for smokers to smoke (T1 53.6 vs T2 47 %; p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study found a significant positive difference in exposure SHS after implementation of the total ban. Although prevalence of smoking in this study was low, the proportion of respondents who were contemplating smoking cessation suggests support for smokers would be beneficial. Continued awareness raising, education and enforcement is likely to enhance the long term outcomes of the total ban.

Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young uni-versity s... more Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young uni-versity students. The university environment is conducive to excessive alcohol consumption with studies finding young university students to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-univer-sity peers. Methods: A random sample of 18- 24-year-old undergraduate, internal university stu-dents completed a survey (n = 2465) to investigate differences in self-reported personal, second-hand and witnessed alcohol-related harms, alcohol expectancies, pre-loading, and friends ’ alcohol consumption between low risk and hazardous drinkers. Univariate and multivariate analyses are reported. Results: Almost 40 % of students who had consumed alcohol in the past year reported drinking at hazardous levels. Univariate analyses found students who reported hazardous drink-ing reported significantly higher scores relating to experienced, second-hand, witnessed and aca-demic problems compared to low risk drinkers....

As a health practitioner, you may need to communicate about health with an entire community. In t... more As a health practitioner, you may need to communicate about health with an entire community. In this chapter we define what a community is and how you can engage with members of the community to communicate with them about health. We also consider how communities learn and how they can take control of their own health. Advice is given on how to develop effective dialogues with communities.

... Colin Marshall School of Pharmacy who generously gave their time and expertise in order to ..... more ... Colin Marshall School of Pharmacy who generously gave their time and expertise in order to ... Physiotherapy Sonj Hall Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health Linda Jackson Health ... edition This year, credit and many thanks must go to Melanie Griffiths, from the ...

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Rob Donovan for his geniu... more I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Rob Donovan for his genius, unending patience and unswerving support. This is dedicated to my husband Allan for his gentle encouragement and his trust that he would eventually get his wife back-and to our children Kate and Michael, who spent too much time without their mother while this thesis was written.

BMJ Open, 2021

Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the preval... more Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly over the last three decades. The level of childhood overweight and obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is high and continues to increase. This study will explore factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents and identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of comprehensive school-based obesity prevention interventions. Methods and analysis Socioecological model will inform this mixed-methods study. The study will include three phases: (1) a scoping review of the literature; (2) the development of a student survey instrument and (3) a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey targeting students aged 12–15 years with the collection of the students’ height and weight measurements; one-on-one interviews with physical education teachers and school principals; and the administration of s...

This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hal... more This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hall, an on-campus student accommodation facility at a Victorian university in Australia. A qualitative evaluation of this initiative was conducted during 2016 including interviews with both residents and staff. Results depicted a grass-roots initiative that evolved to become a deeply embedded component of organisational identity. Social marketing strategies were employed at multiple governance levels, including (i) resident, (ii) staff, and (iii) college levels. The evaluation data from this study provides indication of the key drivers of success in motivating consumers (residents) to engage with and embrace diet sustainability interventions and demonstrates the utility of community-based social marketing (CBSM) in informing such initiatives.

Handbook of Social Inclusion

BMC Public Health

Background Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance ... more Background Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance connectedness, an important protective factor of social and emotional health. However, young Australians participating in sport have been found to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-sporting peers, and many clubs serve unhealthy food and beverages. This study explored the association between the dependent variable, level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and connectedness to club and other health behaviours among young people aged 18–30 years who play club sport in Western Australia. Methods An online cross sectional survey measured levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), alcohol-related harm, connectedness (including volunteering and team cohesion), mental wellbeing, healthy food options and club sponsorship among young adults aged 18–30 years involved in sports clubs in Western Australia (n = 242). Relationships and association between the dependent variable (AUDIT-C) and in...

Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015

Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young university st... more Background: Hazardous alcohol consumption and associated harms are high among young university students. The university environment is conducive to excessive alcohol consumption with studies finding young university students to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-university peers. Methods: A random sample of 18 -24-year-old undergraduate, internal university students completed a survey (n = 2465) to investigate differences in self-reported personal, secondhand and witnessed alcohol-related harms, alcohol expectancies, pre-loading, and friends' alcohol consumption between low risk and hazardous drinkers. Univariate and multivariate analyses are reported. Results: Almost 40% of students who had consumed alcohol in the past year reported drinking at hazardous levels. Univariate analyses found students who reported hazardous drinking reported significantly higher scores relating to experienced, second-hand, witnessed and academic problems compared to low risk drinkers. Hazardous drinkers were also more likely to pre-load, to drink at higher levels when pre-loading, have more friends who drank alcohol, have more friends who drank at hazardous levels and to score higher on alcohol expectancies. However both low risk and hazardous drinkers experienced a range of harms due to their own drinking including hangover (71.2%), unprotected sex (19.3%), regretted sex (16.8%) and drink-driving (17%). Looking after an intoxicated student (34.3%) and witnessing someone pass out (37.5%) were issues for all drinkers. Experienced alcohol related harms, academic problems, alcohol expectancies, close friends' level of alcohol consumption, pre-loading in the last four weeks and level of consumption when pre-loading were predictors of hazardous drinking (p < S. Burns et al.

BMC Public Health, 2013

Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutional... more Background: Baseline data were collected to inform the adoption, implementation and institutionalisation phases of a completely smoke free campus policy at a large Western Australian university with a diverse student and staff community. Methods: An online survey was randomly emailed to staff and students to measure the attitudes towards and the acceptability and enforcement of the policy prior to implementation. In total, 969 respondents completed the survey.