James Livesey | National University of Ireland, Galway (original) (raw)
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Books by James Livesey
This book explores the subtle transformation of the coastal province of the Languedoc in the eigh... more This book explores the subtle transformation of the coastal province of the Languedoc in the eighteenth century. Mining a wealth of archival sources, the book unveils how provincial elites and peasant households unwittingly created new practices. Managing local political institutions, establishing new credit systems, building networks of natural historians, and introducing new plants and farm machinery to the region opened up the inhabitants of the province to new norms and standards. The practices were gradually embedded in daily life and allowed the province to negotiate the new worlds of industrial society and capitalism.
Papers by James Livesey
Irish Historical Studies, 1997
Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 2010
This article describes how relationships with centres in northern Europe, in particular Edinburgh... more This article describes how relationships with centres in northern Europe, in particular Edinburgh and London, increased in importance for the Montpellier scientific community in the eighteenth century. A prosopographical study of the foreign and corresponding members of the Societe royale des sciences reveals this redirection of Montpellier's network. This international context had effects on the local organisation of knowledge. The reorganisation was motivated by endogenous forces, particularly the reassertion of an anti-Chicoyneau group within the university, and the exogenous context of alternative values to those of the medical corporation. Participation in cultural exchange injected dynamic forces into the local context.
Modern Intellectual History, 2014
Eighteenth-century Irish intellectual history has enjoyed a revival in recent years. New scholarl... more Eighteenth-century Irish intellectual history has enjoyed a revival in recent years. New scholarly resources, such as the Hoppen edition of the papers of the Dublin Philosophical Society and the recently published Berkeley correspondence, have been fundamental to that revival. Since 1986 the journal Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Iris an dá chultúr has sponsored a complex conversation on the meaning and legacy of the eighteenth century in Irish history. Work in the journal and beyond deploying “New British” and Atlantic histories, as well as continuing attention to Europe, has helped to enrich scholarly understanding of the environments in which Irish people thought and acted. The challenge facing historians of Ireland has been to find categories of analysis that could comprehend religious division and acknowledge the centrality of the confessional state without reducing all Irish experience to sectarian conflict. Clearly the thought of the Irish Catholic community could not be approac...
The Journal of British Studies, 2013
William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to u... more William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use free trade as a mechanism of imperial integration. It was a response to the agitation for political reform in Ireland and followed the attainment of legislative independence in 1782. The proposal aimed at coordinating economic and fiscal policy between the kingdoms without imposing explicit political controls. This article establishes that the measure failed because of the lack of consensus around the idea of free trade. Three contrasting ideas of free trade became apparent in the debates around the propositions of 1785: imperial or neomercantilist free trade, Smithean free trade, and national or neo-Machiavellian free trade. Imperial free trade was critical of monopolies but sought to organize trade to the benefit of the imperial metropole; Smithean free trade saw open markets as a discipline that assured efficiency but required imperial institutional frameworks, legally secured, to ...
Britain and the World, 2013
This article addresses the writing and politics of Charles O'Conor, grandson of the noted ant... more This article addresses the writing and politics of Charles O'Conor, grandson of the noted antiquarian and founder of the Catholic Committee, Charles O'Conor of Belangare, who as librarian to George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, Marquis of Buckinghamshire, at Stowe played a crucial role in articulating Irish Catholic responses to the 1801 Act of Union. The paper argues O'Conor represented a Catholic perspective that felt an historic compromise between the political authority of the British constitution and the religious authority of the Catholic Church was possible.
palgrave advances in intellectual history, 2006
The relationship between intellectual history and the history of science is confused and confusin... more The relationship between intellectual history and the history of science is confused and confusing. Intellectual history is what history of science is trying hard not to be. Intellectual history claims that there is something specific about intellectual activity that calls for a programme of research that is in some important way different to the practice of political, social, economic or even cultural history. History of science, to the contrary, is organised around the claim that there is nothing specific to the sciences that cannot be understood through the common working practices of the historian. Science is a coherent and identifiable subject of study, but not essentially different to any other. These differing attitudes are perplexing since one might assume that the two fields would share a common interest in ideas. In fact, history of science and intellectual history diverge from one another precisely at this shared point of origin of attention to the claims humans have made to hold true accounts of themselves and the world. This divergence is complicated by the fact that it is unwitting. History of science and intellectual history find themselves at odds in consequence of positions held in other debates. If the two projects are to establish more cordial relations they need firstly to clarify their existing hostility.
The appeal to democracy was a response by political elites to the challenge of popular revolution... more The appeal to democracy was a response by political elites to the challenge of popular revolution in the summer of 1792. The paper establishes the explicit appeal to Athenian models in that moment.
William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use f... more William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use free trade as a mechanism of imperial integration. It was a response to the agitation for political reform in Ireland and followed the attainment of legislative independence in 1782. The proposal aimed at coordinating economic and fiscal policy between the kingdoms without imposing explicit political controls. This article establishes that the measure failed because of the lack of consensus around the idea of free trade. Three contrasting ideas of free trade became apparent in the debates around the propositions of 1785: imperial or neomercantilist free trade, Smithean free trade, and national or neo-Machiavellian free trade. Imperial free trade was critical of monopolies but sought to organize trade to the benefit of the imperial metropole; Smithean free trade saw open markets as a discipline that assured efficiency but required imperial institutional frameworks, legally secured, to function. Neo-Machiavellian free trade asserted the right of every political community to organize its trade according to its interests. The article establishes the genealogy of these three positions in pamphlet debates and political correspondence in Britain and Ireland from 1689 to 1785. It argues that majority political opinion in Ireland, with exceptions, understood free trade in a neo-Machiavellian sense, while Pitt was committed to a Smithean ideal. The propositions collapsed because these internal tensions became more evident under the pressure of criticism. Liberal political economy did not of itself offer a route to a British exceptionality that finessed the tensions inherent in empire.
Once again, a specter is haunting Europe: the economic and cultural weight of America, deployed a... more Once again, a specter is haunting Europe: the economic and cultural weight of America, deployed as it is by christo-fundamentalist unilaterialism, now hovers like a nightmare on the mind of the left world over, but on that of the social-democratic left in Europe especially. For some, it's America's role in foreign affairs that really matter. Is there an American empire? For Charles Maier, the answer is clearly yes. 1 For others, like Michael Walzer the question requires a long answer that he is not yet ready to give. 2 As pressing as these questions are for Americans they impose themselves even more radically on Europeans. As citizens Americans necessarily daily experience the rich complexity of their society and its multiple possibilities; this can be less apparent from the outside.
Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, Apr 1, 2010
The Languedoc was well endowed with scientific and scholarly institutions in the eighteenth centu... more The Languedoc was well endowed with scientific and scholarly institutions in the eighteenth century. The university at Montpellier, and particularly its medical faculty, had been one the pre-eminent centres of learning from the thirteenth century and from its base in medicine the university and the community around it had gone on to inspire work across the sciences. Richier de Belleval created the first botanical garden in France there in 1593 and established the leading position of Montpellier in this increasingly important field. 1 The university continued to be a creative centre into the eighteenth century. Medical humanism was sustained and revived at Montpellier. Having been one of the first centres to abandon Galen in favour of Hippocrates, the university became a sponsor of vitalism, the intellectual competition to the dominant iatro-mechanist medical theory in the 1740s. 2 The institutional richness of the city was reinforced by the foundation of the Société royale des sciences in 1706 and the society was well supported by the Estates of Languedoc. The Archbishop of Narbonne, Arthur Richard Dillon, titular President of the Estates, was a particularly enthusiastic supporter. After 1762 he integrated the work of the society into strategies of economic improvement in the province and was the patron through which the society acquired a permanent home in the Hotel 1
Annales historiques de la Révolution française, Jan 1, 2010
3 Ce problème des voies divergentes de ce qui se passait dans les provinces et les métropoles en ... more 3 Ce problème des voies divergentes de ce qui se passait dans les provinces et les métropoles en France se poursuivit au cours du xixe siècle, et même s'intensifia au fur et à mesure que la France compta davantage de paysans propriétaires. Avant 1789, les paysans ...
This book explores the subtle transformation of the coastal province of the Languedoc in the eigh... more This book explores the subtle transformation of the coastal province of the Languedoc in the eighteenth century. Mining a wealth of archival sources, the book unveils how provincial elites and peasant households unwittingly created new practices. Managing local political institutions, establishing new credit systems, building networks of natural historians, and introducing new plants and farm machinery to the region opened up the inhabitants of the province to new norms and standards. The practices were gradually embedded in daily life and allowed the province to negotiate the new worlds of industrial society and capitalism.
Irish Historical Studies, 1997
Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 2010
This article describes how relationships with centres in northern Europe, in particular Edinburgh... more This article describes how relationships with centres in northern Europe, in particular Edinburgh and London, increased in importance for the Montpellier scientific community in the eighteenth century. A prosopographical study of the foreign and corresponding members of the Societe royale des sciences reveals this redirection of Montpellier's network. This international context had effects on the local organisation of knowledge. The reorganisation was motivated by endogenous forces, particularly the reassertion of an anti-Chicoyneau group within the university, and the exogenous context of alternative values to those of the medical corporation. Participation in cultural exchange injected dynamic forces into the local context.
Modern Intellectual History, 2014
Eighteenth-century Irish intellectual history has enjoyed a revival in recent years. New scholarl... more Eighteenth-century Irish intellectual history has enjoyed a revival in recent years. New scholarly resources, such as the Hoppen edition of the papers of the Dublin Philosophical Society and the recently published Berkeley correspondence, have been fundamental to that revival. Since 1986 the journal Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Iris an dá chultúr has sponsored a complex conversation on the meaning and legacy of the eighteenth century in Irish history. Work in the journal and beyond deploying “New British” and Atlantic histories, as well as continuing attention to Europe, has helped to enrich scholarly understanding of the environments in which Irish people thought and acted. The challenge facing historians of Ireland has been to find categories of analysis that could comprehend religious division and acknowledge the centrality of the confessional state without reducing all Irish experience to sectarian conflict. Clearly the thought of the Irish Catholic community could not be approac...
The Journal of British Studies, 2013
William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to u... more William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use free trade as a mechanism of imperial integration. It was a response to the agitation for political reform in Ireland and followed the attainment of legislative independence in 1782. The proposal aimed at coordinating economic and fiscal policy between the kingdoms without imposing explicit political controls. This article establishes that the measure failed because of the lack of consensus around the idea of free trade. Three contrasting ideas of free trade became apparent in the debates around the propositions of 1785: imperial or neomercantilist free trade, Smithean free trade, and national or neo-Machiavellian free trade. Imperial free trade was critical of monopolies but sought to organize trade to the benefit of the imperial metropole; Smithean free trade saw open markets as a discipline that assured efficiency but required imperial institutional frameworks, legally secured, to ...
Britain and the World, 2013
This article addresses the writing and politics of Charles O'Conor, grandson of the noted ant... more This article addresses the writing and politics of Charles O'Conor, grandson of the noted antiquarian and founder of the Catholic Committee, Charles O'Conor of Belangare, who as librarian to George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, Marquis of Buckinghamshire, at Stowe played a crucial role in articulating Irish Catholic responses to the 1801 Act of Union. The paper argues O'Conor represented a Catholic perspective that felt an historic compromise between the political authority of the British constitution and the religious authority of the Catholic Church was possible.
palgrave advances in intellectual history, 2006
The relationship between intellectual history and the history of science is confused and confusin... more The relationship between intellectual history and the history of science is confused and confusing. Intellectual history is what history of science is trying hard not to be. Intellectual history claims that there is something specific about intellectual activity that calls for a programme of research that is in some important way different to the practice of political, social, economic or even cultural history. History of science, to the contrary, is organised around the claim that there is nothing specific to the sciences that cannot be understood through the common working practices of the historian. Science is a coherent and identifiable subject of study, but not essentially different to any other. These differing attitudes are perplexing since one might assume that the two fields would share a common interest in ideas. In fact, history of science and intellectual history diverge from one another precisely at this shared point of origin of attention to the claims humans have made to hold true accounts of themselves and the world. This divergence is complicated by the fact that it is unwitting. History of science and intellectual history find themselves at odds in consequence of positions held in other debates. If the two projects are to establish more cordial relations they need firstly to clarify their existing hostility.
The appeal to democracy was a response by political elites to the challenge of popular revolution... more The appeal to democracy was a response by political elites to the challenge of popular revolution in the summer of 1792. The paper establishes the explicit appeal to Athenian models in that moment.
William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use f... more William Pitt's 1785 proposal for a free trade area between Britain and Ireland attempted to use free trade as a mechanism of imperial integration. It was a response to the agitation for political reform in Ireland and followed the attainment of legislative independence in 1782. The proposal aimed at coordinating economic and fiscal policy between the kingdoms without imposing explicit political controls. This article establishes that the measure failed because of the lack of consensus around the idea of free trade. Three contrasting ideas of free trade became apparent in the debates around the propositions of 1785: imperial or neomercantilist free trade, Smithean free trade, and national or neo-Machiavellian free trade. Imperial free trade was critical of monopolies but sought to organize trade to the benefit of the imperial metropole; Smithean free trade saw open markets as a discipline that assured efficiency but required imperial institutional frameworks, legally secured, to function. Neo-Machiavellian free trade asserted the right of every political community to organize its trade according to its interests. The article establishes the genealogy of these three positions in pamphlet debates and political correspondence in Britain and Ireland from 1689 to 1785. It argues that majority political opinion in Ireland, with exceptions, understood free trade in a neo-Machiavellian sense, while Pitt was committed to a Smithean ideal. The propositions collapsed because these internal tensions became more evident under the pressure of criticism. Liberal political economy did not of itself offer a route to a British exceptionality that finessed the tensions inherent in empire.
Once again, a specter is haunting Europe: the economic and cultural weight of America, deployed a... more Once again, a specter is haunting Europe: the economic and cultural weight of America, deployed as it is by christo-fundamentalist unilaterialism, now hovers like a nightmare on the mind of the left world over, but on that of the social-democratic left in Europe especially. For some, it's America's role in foreign affairs that really matter. Is there an American empire? For Charles Maier, the answer is clearly yes. 1 For others, like Michael Walzer the question requires a long answer that he is not yet ready to give. 2 As pressing as these questions are for Americans they impose themselves even more radically on Europeans. As citizens Americans necessarily daily experience the rich complexity of their society and its multiple possibilities; this can be less apparent from the outside.
Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, Apr 1, 2010
The Languedoc was well endowed with scientific and scholarly institutions in the eighteenth centu... more The Languedoc was well endowed with scientific and scholarly institutions in the eighteenth century. The university at Montpellier, and particularly its medical faculty, had been one the pre-eminent centres of learning from the thirteenth century and from its base in medicine the university and the community around it had gone on to inspire work across the sciences. Richier de Belleval created the first botanical garden in France there in 1593 and established the leading position of Montpellier in this increasingly important field. 1 The university continued to be a creative centre into the eighteenth century. Medical humanism was sustained and revived at Montpellier. Having been one of the first centres to abandon Galen in favour of Hippocrates, the university became a sponsor of vitalism, the intellectual competition to the dominant iatro-mechanist medical theory in the 1740s. 2 The institutional richness of the city was reinforced by the foundation of the Société royale des sciences in 1706 and the society was well supported by the Estates of Languedoc. The Archbishop of Narbonne, Arthur Richard Dillon, titular President of the Estates, was a particularly enthusiastic supporter. After 1762 he integrated the work of the society into strategies of economic improvement in the province and was the patron through which the society acquired a permanent home in the Hotel 1
Annales historiques de la Révolution française, Jan 1, 2010
3 Ce problème des voies divergentes de ce qui se passait dans les provinces et les métropoles en ... more 3 Ce problème des voies divergentes de ce qui se passait dans les provinces et les métropoles en France se poursuivit au cours du xixe siècle, et même s'intensifia au fur et à mesure que la France compta davantage de paysans propriétaires. Avant 1789, les paysans ...
Annales Historiques De La Revolution Francaise, Jan 1, 2000
Le but de cet article est de permettre une compréhension plus précise des origines de l&a... more Le but de cet article est de permettre une compréhension plus précise des origines de l'idéologie girondine à partir d'une analyse des écrits de deux personnages qui furent les premiers à formuler les idées politiques définissant celle-ci dans les années 1790 : Jacques-Pierre Brissot et ...
Thesis Eleven, Jan 1, 2009
The French Revolution has ceased to be the paradigm case of progressive social revolution. Histor... more The French Revolution has ceased to be the paradigm case of progressive social revolution. Historians increasingly argue that the heart of the revolutionary experience was the Terror and that the Terror prefigured 20thcentury totalitarianism. This article contests that view and argues that totalitarianism is too blunt a category to distinguish between varying experiences of revolution and further questions if revolutionary outcomes are ideologically determined. It argues that by widening the set of revolutions to include 17th and 18th century cases, as well as the velvet revolutions of the 1990s, we can reinterpret the French Revolution as a characteristic case of democratic transition with particular features.
French History, Jan 1, 2004
Why did members of the eighteenth-century French service elite become revolutionaries? This artic... more Why did members of the eighteenth-century French service elite become revolutionaries? This article argues that François de Neufchâteau's adherence to the Revolution is best understood as a career development, that the institution that related his public and private selves was the career. To understand how a career could propel an individual, and by extension a generation, in such an idiosyncratic direction, we need to interrogate our understanding of the idea of a career. The career was a development from the religious idea of the vocation or calling. It was a means of making individual self-assertion morally understandable and socially useful. Through an analysis of his reactions to public and private crisis the article reconstructs François de Neufchâteau's understanding of his vocation as a public man. The career of François de Neufchâteau offers a good example of how the themes of cultural and social history can be united in the study of the Revolution.
One of the most important contributions by historians of political thought over the past forty ye... more One of the most important contributions by historians of political thought over the past forty years has been to disentangle the histories of liberalism, republicanism and democracy. The project to reconstruct the languages that form the genealogy of liberal politics, from civic humanism to natural jurisprudence, has been very successful. On the other hand the history of the languages of democratic political thought has been relatively neglected. As John Adams observed, even at he moment of the democratic revolutions, "democracy, simple democracy, never had a patron among men of letters" and the same remains true today. 1 Democracy, simple democracy, has been a suspect political idea, suspected of effectively being antipolitical, of confusing oikos and polis, intruding interests and prospects of the welfare of particulars into the debates of free men over the demands of justice. As
Isaac Reed's fascinating and enlightening book is bewitched. The book could hardly be more ambiti... more Isaac Reed's fascinating and enlightening book is bewitched. The book could hardly be more ambitious as it proposes an original understanding of the possibility of systematic social knowledge. In pursuit of a new understanding of how authoritative social knowledge is created Reed does not perform any of the classic manoeuvres of clearing the ground, revealing the shared flawed assumption underlying all prior efforts to configure the field or vaulting out of established research traditions. The language of the text is resolutely unheroic.
The American Historical Review, 2000
A classification result for Ricci-flat anti-self-dual asymptotically locally Euclidean 4-manifold... more A classification result for Ricci-flat anti-self-dual asymptotically locally Euclidean 4-manifolds is obtained: they are either hyperkähler (one of the gravitational instantons classified by Kronheimer), or they are a cyclic quotient of a Gibbons-Hawking space. The possible quotients are described in terms of the monopole set in R 3 , and it is proved that every such quotient is actually Kähler. The fact that the Gibbons-Hawking spaces are the only gravitational instantons to admit isometric quotients is proved by examining the possible fundamental groups at infinity: most can be ruled out by the classification of 3-dimensional spherical space form groups, and the rest are excluded by a computation of the Rohklin invariant (in one case) or the eta invariant (in the remaining family of cases) of the corresponding space forms.
French History, 2002
Background: Building on previous acceptability research undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa this art... more Background: Building on previous acceptability research undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa this article aims to investigate the acceptability of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in infants (IPTi) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods: A questionnaire was administered to mothers whose infants participated in the randomised placebo controlled trial of IPTi. Mothers whose infants participated and who refused to participate in the trial, health workers, community reporters and opinion leaders were interviewed. Men and women from the local community also participated in focus group discussions. Results: Respondents viewed IPTi as acceptable in light of wider concern for infant health and the advantages of trial participation. Mothers reported complying with at-home administration of IPTi due to perceived benefits of IPTi and pressure from health workers. In spite of patchy knowledge, respondents also demonstrated a demand for infant vaccinations and considered non-vaccination to be neglect. There is little evidence that IPTi has negative impacts on attitudes to EPI, EPI adherence or existing malaria prevention practices. Conclusion: The degree of similarity between findings from the acceptability studies undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa and PNG allows some generalization relating to the implementation of IPTi outside of Africa: IPTi fits well with local health cultures, appears to be accepted easily and has little impact on attitudes towards EPI or malaria prevention. The study adds to the evidence indicating that IPTi could be rolled out in a range of social and cultural contexts.
Perspectives on Politics, 2013
French Studies, 2015
Institutional history has not had the wind in its sails over the past generation. This is unfortu... more Institutional history has not had the wind in its sails over the past generation. This is unfortunate because, at its best, it brings together all that makes historical works exciting and intelligible. This remarkable volume, to which it is difficult to do justice in this short review, exemplifies what good institutional history can achieve. It is the culmination of a project that began in 1994 by publishing on CD-Rom a searchable transcription and index of the deliberations from all forty-six sessions of the Estates of Languedoc from 1648 to 1789 — a research asset of the first importance and a formidable achievement (Les Délibérations des états de Languedoc: 46 sessions de 1648 à 1789, ed. Arlette Jouanna and Élie Pélaquier (Montpellier: CRISES–Université de Montpellier III, 2009)). This volume completes the project with a thorough and magisterial investigation of the Estates of Languedoc on the basis of the impressive bulk of the relevant documentation. Its thirtythree chapters are mostly written by the principal directors of the work, writing independently or collaboratively; but additional specialists contribute chapters on the Estates of Languedoc and the Protestant minority in Languedoc, the Enlightenment, and constitutional debates leading up to the Estates-General in 1789. The whole makes for a coherent ensemble, presenting a clearly thought through position on the chronology and status of the Languedoc Estates in the period from the Edict of Béziers (1632) to 1789. The Estates were not the shadow of a powerful and independent entity, the subordination of which began in 1632, and which was progressively hobbled into a corrupt adjunct of the Ancien Régime monarchy; on the contrary, their significance as an important mediator and partner in governing this huge province began to emerge in the seventeenth century, and reached its apogee in the eighteenth century with its more complex administrative tasks and role as a broker in monarchical finance and borrowing. Their financial role was at the heart of divergent views about the Estates: the Chambre des comptes in Montpellier, sometimes with the connivance of royal intendants, was inclined to believe that the provincial Estates, which headed up (as this work amply documents) a complex substructure of local deliberative assemblies and officials, were an unnecessarily cumbersome and expensive machinery for diverting resources from the crown and into local pockets. The Estates, and increasingly in the eighteenth century the monarchy itself, championed their positive role, one which would emerge in Alexis de Tocqueville’s famous analysis. This study of the complex financial mechanisms at the heart of the Estates shows why neither view was correct. The individuals, the politics, the dynamics, and the institutional culture of the Estates are all illuminated thoroughly in these pages, to the accompaniment of excellently prepared tables, maps, and index. The volume is a triumphal tribute to the virtues of institutional history, properly understood, and to the collaborative role of this institution within the absolute monarchy.
The American Historical Review, 2017
Business History Review, 2021
Susan B. Anthony. Apart from that criticism, Laid Waste!makes for a compelling read, illuminating... more Susan B. Anthony. Apart from that criticism, Laid Waste!makes for a compelling read, illuminating how “the culture of exploitation” was constructed as Americans’ “incremental choices, brick by brick, produced the edifice of modernization, advanced its claims of inevitability, and erased the evidence of people ever having seen another way” (p. 230). Casting his narrative forthrightly as a moral tale, Larson asks readers to reconsider this ethically compromised and increasingly unsustainable mode of life. Part revisionist corrective and part jeremiad, the book provides a timely critique of American capitalism, from its deep roots to its myriad outstretched branches.
Pp. xvi1299. 69.95ðclothÞ;69.95 ðclothÞ; 69.95ðclothÞ;69.95 ðe-bookÞ.
American Historical Review, 2009
Michael Sonenscher Sans-Culottes AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EMBLEM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION This is a ... more Michael Sonenscher Sans-Culottes AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EMBLEM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION This is a bold new history of the sans-culottes and the part they played in the French Revolution. It tells for the first time the real story of the name now usually ...
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2010
... Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan PolandPortuga... more ... Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan PolandPortugal Singapore South ... fleet than most mainland North American colonies and sat as acrossroads in the ... John Gillis's Islands of the Mind makes the point that the Atlantic world was ...
Reviews in History, Sep 1, 2010
... Tags. Review of 'Enlightened Reform in Southern Europe and its Atlantic Colonies, c. ... more ... Tags. Review of 'Enlightened Reform in Southern Europe and its Atlantic Colonies, c. 1750-1830', Gabriel Paquette, London, Ashgate, 2009, ISBN: 9780754664253; 416pp.; by: James Livesey. RIS, Export as RIS which can be imported into most citation managers. ...