Robin Raine | National University of Ireland, Galway (original) (raw)
Papers by Robin Raine
Journal of Plankton Research
... Tangen and Bjornland, 1981). For example, Gyrodinium aureolum is a common red tide dinoflagel... more ... Tangen and Bjornland, 1981). For example, Gyrodinium aureolum is a common red tide dinoflagellate in North European waters (Johnsen and Sakshaug, 1993; Raine and McMahon, 1998). The complementary biomarker chlorophyll ...
Algal biotoxins were determined on a weekly basis through the summers of 2009 and 2010 on mussel ... more Algal biotoxins were determined on a weekly basis through the summers of 2009 and 2010 on mussel (Mytilus edulis) samples taken from three sites in Killary Harbour, a fjord located on the west coast of Ireland. Chemical (LC-MS), immunoassay (ELISA) and enzymatic (Protein Phosphatse, PP2A) methods were used to analyse algal diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in methanol extracts from these samples. Results were compared to test the applicability of the non-chemical methods as alternative rapid testing techniques, which were applied on both hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed samples. Results were also compared with mouse bioassay data from the national monitoring programme. Results from 2009 showed a significant DSP event in July, with toxin concentrations reaching 1.2-1.4 µg (g whole flesh)-1. All methods were capable of detecting this event, which lasted for 3-4 weeks during which harvesting was closed, caused by an influx of a population if Dinophysis spp. into the fjord. Examin...
A nonaxenic isolate of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Frenguelli) from ... more A nonaxenic isolate of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Frenguelli) from Irish waters was tested in two separate batch culture experiments. When grown under a low irradiance (∼12 μmol photons·m−2·s−1; 16:8-h light:dark cycle) for up to 40 days, the culture produced only trace amounts of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) during late stationary phase. Growth at a higher irradiance (∼115 μmol photons·m−2·s−1; 12:12-h light:dark cycle) resulted in DA production starting during late exponential phase and reaching a maximum concentration of 26 pg DA·cell−1 during late stationary phase. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identity of DA in the culture. Irradiance and photoperiod could be important factors that contribute directly or indirectly to the control of DA production in P. australis. This is the first record of a DA-producing diatom in Irish waters, and results indicate P. australis may have been the source of DA that has...
Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were ... more Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were detected in two branches of the Whittard Canyon by means of hydrographic survey, as part of an Irish Bio-discovery programme along the North-East Atlantic continental margin. Vertical profiles of beam attenuation (m-1), used as a proxy for suspended particulate material (SPM), revealed strong BNLs extending from the upper canyon near the shelf edge to depths of > 2000 m. Surveys in both 2011 and 2012 showed the BNLs were particularly strong between 750 - 1200 m, extending > 100 m off the seabed. Numerous INLs, with a BNL source, were present at depths of 750 m and 1500 m, with an appreciable signal extending a horizontal distance of ~ 20 km. They are possibly associated with cores of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) found at this depth (800 – 1200 m) and flowing as a contour current along the continental margin. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) deployments in the eastern arm of the...
Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were ... more Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were detected in two branches of the Whittard Canyon by means of hydrographic survey, as part of an Irish bio-discovery programme along the North-East Atlantic continental margin. Vertical profiles of beam attenuation (m-1), used as a proxy for suspended particulate material, revealed strong BNLs extending from the upper canyon near the shelf edge to depths of >2000 m. BNLs were particularly strong between 750-1200 m, extending >100 m off the seabed and were possibly associated with the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) core found at this depth. Numerous INLs were present at depths of 750 m and 1500 m, with an appreciable signal extending a horizontal distance of about 20 km. Severe storm activity disrupted the weak spring surface stratification and caused vertical mixing down to 200 m. INLs detected after the storm may have been a result of this activity reaching the depths of the cany...
Submarine canyons incise continental slopes providing pathways from productive continental shelve... more Submarine canyons incise continental slopes providing pathways from productive continental shelves to abyssal plains. The purpose of this study was to examine the transport of particulate matter through nepheloid layers (NLs) within the Whittard Canyon. Four branches were surveyed (2011-2013) in order to delineate the links between species distribution and physical processes, to improve understanding of ecosystem functioning within canyons. Transient and permanent NLs extending from the upper reaches of the canyon edge to depths >2000m were detected by hydrographic means. NL dynamics appear to be largely influenced by the presence of Mediterranean Water (800-1200m) and enhanced baroclinic energy propagating within the canyon. ROV footage revealed the presence of suspension feeding fauna in increased densities on vertical walls and overhangs, within the depth ranges of NL occurrence. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated that material suspended within NLs and transported through the ...
The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) has received considerable attention in recent years.... more The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) has received considerable attention in recent years. In part, this has been due to recent taxonomic advances within the Dinophyceae. Many species from this genus however, produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins that have had serious economic impacts within the aquaculture industry worldwide. The occurrence of PSP toxins in shellfish from the south coast of Ireland has been linked to the suspected presence of an Alexandrium population. This study describes what is currently understood of the distribution of Alexandrium spp. around Ireland, in terms of both species diversity and toxicity. Alexandrium cysts and vegetative cells were collected from sediment and water column samples from Irish coastal waters. These were used to establish a suite of mono-specific cultures. Morphological identification of the vegetative cells using the fluorescent stain Calcofluor White was confirmed by partial sequencing of amplified LSU rDNA. Toxici...
ABSTRACT Gelbstoff Absorption
Coastal Shellfish — A Sustainable Resource, 2001
An extensive surface bloom of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi occurred off southwestern Irel... more An extensive surface bloom of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi occurred off southwestern Ireland during August, 1998. The bloom was evident both from remotely sensed satellite ocean colour data and as visibly discoloured water, from the mouth of Bantry Bay around towards Cork, extending some 60 km offshore. The timing of the bloom co-incided with a field survey in the area. This paper compares the surface distributions of chlorophyll and K. mikimotoi concentrations with satellite ocean colour and thermal infra-red sea surface temperature images, from which may be derived the origins of the bloom. It would appear that weak coastal upwelling transported a thermocline population of K. mikimotoi up to the surface in the region of the Fastnet Rock, where it was wind-dispersed eastwards across the northern Celtic Sea.
... The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island C... more ... The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island Co., Cork, Ireland. Boelens, RGV, Maloney, DM, Parsons, AP, & Walsh, AR 1999. ... Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. Vila, M., Garces, E., Maso, M., & Camp, J. 2001. ...
Journal of Plankton Research
... Tangen and Bjornland, 1981). For example, Gyrodinium aureolum is a common red tide dinoflagel... more ... Tangen and Bjornland, 1981). For example, Gyrodinium aureolum is a common red tide dinoflagellate in North European waters (Johnsen and Sakshaug, 1993; Raine and McMahon, 1998). The complementary biomarker chlorophyll ...
Algal biotoxins were determined on a weekly basis through the summers of 2009 and 2010 on mussel ... more Algal biotoxins were determined on a weekly basis through the summers of 2009 and 2010 on mussel (Mytilus edulis) samples taken from three sites in Killary Harbour, a fjord located on the west coast of Ireland. Chemical (LC-MS), immunoassay (ELISA) and enzymatic (Protein Phosphatse, PP2A) methods were used to analyse algal diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in methanol extracts from these samples. Results were compared to test the applicability of the non-chemical methods as alternative rapid testing techniques, which were applied on both hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed samples. Results were also compared with mouse bioassay data from the national monitoring programme. Results from 2009 showed a significant DSP event in July, with toxin concentrations reaching 1.2-1.4 µg (g whole flesh)-1. All methods were capable of detecting this event, which lasted for 3-4 weeks during which harvesting was closed, caused by an influx of a population if Dinophysis spp. into the fjord. Examin...
A nonaxenic isolate of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Frenguelli) from ... more A nonaxenic isolate of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Frenguelli) from Irish waters was tested in two separate batch culture experiments. When grown under a low irradiance (∼12 μmol photons·m−2·s−1; 16:8-h light:dark cycle) for up to 40 days, the culture produced only trace amounts of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) during late stationary phase. Growth at a higher irradiance (∼115 μmol photons·m−2·s−1; 12:12-h light:dark cycle) resulted in DA production starting during late exponential phase and reaching a maximum concentration of 26 pg DA·cell−1 during late stationary phase. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to confirm the identity of DA in the culture. Irradiance and photoperiod could be important factors that contribute directly or indirectly to the control of DA production in P. australis. This is the first record of a DA-producing diatom in Irish waters, and results indicate P. australis may have been the source of DA that has...
Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were ... more Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were detected in two branches of the Whittard Canyon by means of hydrographic survey, as part of an Irish Bio-discovery programme along the North-East Atlantic continental margin. Vertical profiles of beam attenuation (m-1), used as a proxy for suspended particulate material (SPM), revealed strong BNLs extending from the upper canyon near the shelf edge to depths of > 2000 m. Surveys in both 2011 and 2012 showed the BNLs were particularly strong between 750 - 1200 m, extending > 100 m off the seabed. Numerous INLs, with a BNL source, were present at depths of 750 m and 1500 m, with an appreciable signal extending a horizontal distance of ~ 20 km. They are possibly associated with cores of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) found at this depth (800 – 1200 m) and flowing as a contour current along the continental margin. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) deployments in the eastern arm of the...
Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were ... more Extensive, persistent and transient benthic (BNLs) and intermediate nepheloid layers (INLs) were detected in two branches of the Whittard Canyon by means of hydrographic survey, as part of an Irish bio-discovery programme along the North-East Atlantic continental margin. Vertical profiles of beam attenuation (m-1), used as a proxy for suspended particulate material, revealed strong BNLs extending from the upper canyon near the shelf edge to depths of >2000 m. BNLs were particularly strong between 750-1200 m, extending >100 m off the seabed and were possibly associated with the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) core found at this depth. Numerous INLs were present at depths of 750 m and 1500 m, with an appreciable signal extending a horizontal distance of about 20 km. Severe storm activity disrupted the weak spring surface stratification and caused vertical mixing down to 200 m. INLs detected after the storm may have been a result of this activity reaching the depths of the cany...
Submarine canyons incise continental slopes providing pathways from productive continental shelve... more Submarine canyons incise continental slopes providing pathways from productive continental shelves to abyssal plains. The purpose of this study was to examine the transport of particulate matter through nepheloid layers (NLs) within the Whittard Canyon. Four branches were surveyed (2011-2013) in order to delineate the links between species distribution and physical processes, to improve understanding of ecosystem functioning within canyons. Transient and permanent NLs extending from the upper reaches of the canyon edge to depths >2000m were detected by hydrographic means. NL dynamics appear to be largely influenced by the presence of Mediterranean Water (800-1200m) and enhanced baroclinic energy propagating within the canyon. ROV footage revealed the presence of suspension feeding fauna in increased densities on vertical walls and overhangs, within the depth ranges of NL occurrence. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated that material suspended within NLs and transported through the ...
The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) has received considerable attention in recent years.... more The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) has received considerable attention in recent years. In part, this has been due to recent taxonomic advances within the Dinophyceae. Many species from this genus however, produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins that have had serious economic impacts within the aquaculture industry worldwide. The occurrence of PSP toxins in shellfish from the south coast of Ireland has been linked to the suspected presence of an Alexandrium population. This study describes what is currently understood of the distribution of Alexandrium spp. around Ireland, in terms of both species diversity and toxicity. Alexandrium cysts and vegetative cells were collected from sediment and water column samples from Irish coastal waters. These were used to establish a suite of mono-specific cultures. Morphological identification of the vegetative cells using the fluorescent stain Calcofluor White was confirmed by partial sequencing of amplified LSU rDNA. Toxici...
ABSTRACT Gelbstoff Absorption
Coastal Shellfish — A Sustainable Resource, 2001
An extensive surface bloom of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi occurred off southwestern Irel... more An extensive surface bloom of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi occurred off southwestern Ireland during August, 1998. The bloom was evident both from remotely sensed satellite ocean colour data and as visibly discoloured water, from the mouth of Bantry Bay around towards Cork, extending some 60 km offshore. The timing of the bloom co-incided with a field survey in the area. This paper compares the surface distributions of chlorophyll and K. mikimotoi concentrations with satellite ocean colour and thermal infra-red sea surface temperature images, from which may be derived the origins of the bloom. It would appear that weak coastal upwelling transported a thermocline population of K. mikimotoi up to the surface in the region of the Fastnet Rock, where it was wind-dispersed eastwards across the northern Celtic Sea.
... The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island C... more ... The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island Co., Cork, Ireland. Boelens, RGV, Maloney, DM, Parsons, AP, & Walsh, AR 1999. ... Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. Vila, M., Garces, E., Maso, M., & Camp, J. 2001. ...