rajesh kumar | DCRUST , Murthal (original) (raw)

Papers by rajesh kumar

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and simulation of digital systems containing interacting hardware and software components

Synthesis of systems containing application-specific as well as reprogrammable components, such a... more Synthesis of systems containing application-specific as well as reprogrammable components, such as off-the-shelf microprocessors, provides a promising approach to realization of complex systems using a minimal amount of application-specific hardware while still meeting the required performance constraints. We describe an approach to synthesis of such hardware-software systems starting from a behavioral description as input. The input system model is partitioned into hardware and software components based on imposed performance constraints. Synchronization between various elements of a mixed system design is one of the key issues that any synthesis system must address. In this paper, we consider software and interface synchronization schemes that facilitate communication between system components.

Research paper thumbnail of Aluminum compounds as vaccine adjuvants

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Release Rate of Tetanus Vaccine from Polyester Microspheres

Pharmaceutical Research, 1993

Controlled-release formulations based on poly(lactic) (PLA) and poly(lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA)... more Controlled-release formulations based on poly(lactic) (PLA) and poly(lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres containing tetanus vaccine were designed. The polymers forming the microspheres were L-PLA of different molecular weights and DL-PLGA, 50:50. These microspheres were prepared by two solvent elimination procedures, both using a double emulsion, and were characterized for size, morphology, and toxoid release kinetics. The influence of formulation variables such as polymer type, vaccine composition, and vaccine/polymer ratio was also investigated. Both techniques yielded microspheres with similar size, morphology, and release properties. Microsphere size was dependent on the type of polymer and the presence of the surfactant L-α-phosphatidylcholine, which led to a reduction in microsphere size. On the other hand, the release kinetics of encapsulated protein were affected by the polymer properties (ratio lactic/glycolic acid and molecular weight) as well as by the vaccine composition, vaccine loading, and microsphere size. Moreover, for some formulations, a decrease in microsphere size occurred simultaneously, with an increase in porosity leading to an augmentation of release rate. The changes in the PLA molecular weight during in vitro release studies indicated that release profiles of tetanus toxoid from these microspheres were only marginally influenced by polymer degradation. A significant fraction of protein (between 15 and 35%) was initially released by diffusion through water-filled channels. In contrast, the decrease in the PLGA molecular weight over the first 10 days of incubation suggested that erosion of the polymer matrix substantially affects protein release from these microspheres. Among all formulations developed, two differing in microsphere size, polymer hydrophobicity, and release profile were selected for in vivo administration to mice. Administration of both formulations resulted in tetanus neutralizing antibody levels that were higher than those obtained after administration of the fluid toxoid.

Research paper thumbnail of A survey of techniques for energy efficient on-chip communication

Interconnects have been shown to be a dominant source of energy consumption in modern day System-... more Interconnects have been shown to be a dominant source of energy consumption in modern day System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. With a large (and growing) number of electronic systems being designed with battery considerations in mind, minimizing the energy consumed in on-chip interconnects becomes crucial. Further, the use of nanometer technologies is making it increasingly important to consider reliability issues during the design of SoC communication architectures. Continued supply voltage scaling has led to decreased noise margins, making interconnects more susceptible to noise sources such as crosstalk, power supply noise, radiation induced defects, etc. The resulting transient faults cause the interconnect to behave as an unreliable transport medium for data signals. Therefore, fault tolerant communication mechanisms, such as Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC), etc., which have been widely used in the networking community, are likely to percolate to the SoC domain.

Research paper thumbnail of Introducing Core-Based System Design

IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of SPARK: A High-Lev l Synthesis Framework For Applying Parallelizing Compiler Transformations

Abstract This paper presents a modular and extensible high-level synthesis research system, calle... more Abstract This paper presents a modular and extensible high-level synthesis research system, called SPARK, that takes a be-havioral description in ANSI-C as input and produces syn-thesizable register-transfer level VHDL. SPARK uses par-allelizing compiler ...

Research paper thumbnail of Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2001

Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly aV... more Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly aVects the cerebral white matter. Oedematous lesions particularly involve the posterior parietal and occipital lobes, and may spread to basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum. This rapidly evolving neurological condition is clinically characterised by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, visual disturbances, altered sensorium, and occasionally focal neurological deficit. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is often associated with an abrupt increase in blood pressure and is usually seen in patients with eclampsia, renal disease, and hypertensive encephalopathy. It is also seen in the patients treated with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and interferon alfa. The lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy are best visualised with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 weighted MR images, at the height of symptoms, characteristically show diVuse hyperintensity selectively involving the parieto-occipital white matter. Occasionally the lesions also involve the grey matter. Computed tomography can also be used satisfactorily to detect hypodense lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy. Early recognition of this condition is of paramount importance because prompt control of blood pressure or withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents will cause reversal of the syndrome. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent damage to aVected brain tissues. (Postgrad Med J 2001;77:24-28)

Research paper thumbnail of Increasing transparency in partnerships for health - introducing the Green Light Committee

Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of System-level synthesis using re-programmable components

The authors formulate the synthesis problem of complex behavioral descriptions with performance c... more The authors formulate the synthesis problem of complex behavioral descriptions with performance constraints as a hardware-software co-design problem. The target system architecture consists of a software component as a program running on a re-programmable processor assisted by application-specific hardware components. System synthesis is performed by first partitioning the input system description into hardware and software portions and then by implementing each of them separately. The synthesis of dedicated hardware is then achieved by means of hardware synthesis tools (D.D. Mitchell, D.C.Ku, F. Mailhot, and T. Truong, `The Olympus Synthesis System for digital design' IEEE Design and Test Magazine, p.37-53, Oct. 1990), while the software component is generated using software compiling techniques. The authors consider the problem of identifying potential hardware and software components of a system described in a high-level modeling language and they present a partitioning procedure. They then describe the results of partitioning a network coprocessor

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental investigations on rectangular dielectric resonator antennas

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1997

We present theoretical and experimental investigations of threeterminal nanoelectromechanical rel... more We present theoretical and experimental investigations of threeterminal nanoelectromechanical relays based on suspended carbon nanotubes. A charge is induced in the nanotube by applying a voltage to an underlying gate electrode thus inducing the nanotube to bend and make contact with a drain electrode. Such devices have potential applications as fast switches, logic devices, memory elements and pulse generators. We describe two modes of operation: a contact mode where the nanotube makes physical contact with the drain electrode and a non-contact mode where electrical contact between the nanotube and the drain electrode is made via a field emission current.

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective Based on Interactions Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Inflammation

Research paper thumbnail of Program Implementation Schemes for Hardware-Software Systems

IEEE Computer, 1994

We consider mixed system designs that are made of interacting hardware and software components. T... more We consider mixed system designs that are made of interacting hardware and software components. The hardware component consists of a re-programmable component, like an off-the-shelf processor, and application-specific chips. The software component consists of a set of concurrently executing program fragments, called threads.

Research paper thumbnail of Steady-hand robotic system for microsurgical augmentation

International Journal of Robotic Research, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis and simulation of digital systems containing interacting hardware and software components

Synthesis of systems containing application-specific as well as reprogrammable components, such a... more Synthesis of systems containing application-specific as well as reprogrammable components, such as off-the-shelf microprocessors, provides a promising approach to realization of complex systems using a minimal amount of application-specific hardware while still meeting the required performance constraints. We describe an approach to synthesis of such hardware-software systems starting from a behavioral description as input. The input system model is partitioned into hardware and software components based on imposed performance constraints. Synchronization between various elements of a mixed system design is one of the key issues that any synthesis system must address. In this paper, we consider software and interface synchronization schemes that facilitate communication between system components.

Research paper thumbnail of Aluminum compounds as vaccine adjuvants

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of Release Rate of Tetanus Vaccine from Polyester Microspheres

Pharmaceutical Research, 1993

Controlled-release formulations based on poly(lactic) (PLA) and poly(lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA)... more Controlled-release formulations based on poly(lactic) (PLA) and poly(lactic/glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres containing tetanus vaccine were designed. The polymers forming the microspheres were L-PLA of different molecular weights and DL-PLGA, 50:50. These microspheres were prepared by two solvent elimination procedures, both using a double emulsion, and were characterized for size, morphology, and toxoid release kinetics. The influence of formulation variables such as polymer type, vaccine composition, and vaccine/polymer ratio was also investigated. Both techniques yielded microspheres with similar size, morphology, and release properties. Microsphere size was dependent on the type of polymer and the presence of the surfactant L-α-phosphatidylcholine, which led to a reduction in microsphere size. On the other hand, the release kinetics of encapsulated protein were affected by the polymer properties (ratio lactic/glycolic acid and molecular weight) as well as by the vaccine composition, vaccine loading, and microsphere size. Moreover, for some formulations, a decrease in microsphere size occurred simultaneously, with an increase in porosity leading to an augmentation of release rate. The changes in the PLA molecular weight during in vitro release studies indicated that release profiles of tetanus toxoid from these microspheres were only marginally influenced by polymer degradation. A significant fraction of protein (between 15 and 35%) was initially released by diffusion through water-filled channels. In contrast, the decrease in the PLGA molecular weight over the first 10 days of incubation suggested that erosion of the polymer matrix substantially affects protein release from these microspheres. Among all formulations developed, two differing in microsphere size, polymer hydrophobicity, and release profile were selected for in vivo administration to mice. Administration of both formulations resulted in tetanus neutralizing antibody levels that were higher than those obtained after administration of the fluid toxoid.

Research paper thumbnail of A survey of techniques for energy efficient on-chip communication

Interconnects have been shown to be a dominant source of energy consumption in modern day System-... more Interconnects have been shown to be a dominant source of energy consumption in modern day System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. With a large (and growing) number of electronic systems being designed with battery considerations in mind, minimizing the energy consumed in on-chip interconnects becomes crucial. Further, the use of nanometer technologies is making it increasingly important to consider reliability issues during the design of SoC communication architectures. Continued supply voltage scaling has led to decreased noise margins, making interconnects more susceptible to noise sources such as crosstalk, power supply noise, radiation induced defects, etc. The resulting transient faults cause the interconnect to behave as an unreliable transport medium for data signals. Therefore, fault tolerant communication mechanisms, such as Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction (FEC), etc., which have been widely used in the networking community, are likely to percolate to the SoC domain.

Research paper thumbnail of Introducing Core-Based System Design

IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of SPARK: A High-Lev l Synthesis Framework For Applying Parallelizing Compiler Transformations

Abstract This paper presents a modular and extensible high-level synthesis research system, calle... more Abstract This paper presents a modular and extensible high-level synthesis research system, called SPARK, that takes a be-havioral description in ANSI-C as input and produces syn-thesizable register-transfer level VHDL. SPARK uses par-allelizing compiler ...

Research paper thumbnail of Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome

Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2001

Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly aV... more Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a newly recognised brain disorder that predominantly aVects the cerebral white matter. Oedematous lesions particularly involve the posterior parietal and occipital lobes, and may spread to basal ganglia, brain stem, and cerebellum. This rapidly evolving neurological condition is clinically characterised by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, visual disturbances, altered sensorium, and occasionally focal neurological deficit. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is often associated with an abrupt increase in blood pressure and is usually seen in patients with eclampsia, renal disease, and hypertensive encephalopathy. It is also seen in the patients treated with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and interferon alfa. The lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy are best visualised with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 weighted MR images, at the height of symptoms, characteristically show diVuse hyperintensity selectively involving the parieto-occipital white matter. Occasionally the lesions also involve the grey matter. Computed tomography can also be used satisfactorily to detect hypodense lesions of posterior leukoencephalopathy. Early recognition of this condition is of paramount importance because prompt control of blood pressure or withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents will cause reversal of the syndrome. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent damage to aVected brain tissues. (Postgrad Med J 2001;77:24-28)

Research paper thumbnail of Increasing transparency in partnerships for health - introducing the Green Light Committee

Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2002

Research paper thumbnail of System-level synthesis using re-programmable components

The authors formulate the synthesis problem of complex behavioral descriptions with performance c... more The authors formulate the synthesis problem of complex behavioral descriptions with performance constraints as a hardware-software co-design problem. The target system architecture consists of a software component as a program running on a re-programmable processor assisted by application-specific hardware components. System synthesis is performed by first partitioning the input system description into hardware and software portions and then by implementing each of them separately. The synthesis of dedicated hardware is then achieved by means of hardware synthesis tools (D.D. Mitchell, D.C.Ku, F. Mailhot, and T. Truong, `The Olympus Synthesis System for digital design' IEEE Design and Test Magazine, p.37-53, Oct. 1990), while the software component is generated using software compiling techniques. The authors consider the problem of identifying potential hardware and software components of a system described in a high-level modeling language and they present a partitioning procedure. They then describe the results of partitioning a network coprocessor

Research paper thumbnail of Theoretical and experimental investigations on rectangular dielectric resonator antennas

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1997

We present theoretical and experimental investigations of threeterminal nanoelectromechanical rel... more We present theoretical and experimental investigations of threeterminal nanoelectromechanical relays based on suspended carbon nanotubes. A charge is induced in the nanotube by applying a voltage to an underlying gate electrode thus inducing the nanotube to bend and make contact with a drain electrode. Such devices have potential applications as fast switches, logic devices, memory elements and pulse generators. We describe two modes of operation: a contact mode where the nanotube makes physical contact with the drain electrode and a non-contact mode where electrical contact between the nanotube and the drain electrode is made via a field emission current.

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective Based on Interactions Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Inflammation

Research paper thumbnail of Program Implementation Schemes for Hardware-Software Systems

IEEE Computer, 1994

We consider mixed system designs that are made of interacting hardware and software components. T... more We consider mixed system designs that are made of interacting hardware and software components. The hardware component consists of a re-programmable component, like an off-the-shelf processor, and application-specific chips. The software component consists of a set of concurrently executing program fragments, called threads.

Research paper thumbnail of Steady-hand robotic system for microsurgical augmentation

International Journal of Robotic Research, 1999