Erienu O B R U C H E Kennedy | Delta state college of Pysical Education, Mosogar (original) (raw)
Papers by Erienu O B R U C H E Kennedy
International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences , 2023
This research study was conducted due to growing industrial activities and the associated consequ... more This research study was conducted due to growing industrial activities and the associated consequences around the study areas to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations (changes) in the concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air from Eleme,Aluu and Ikoku in Rivers state, Nigeria. The duration of this study lasted from April, 2021through January, 2022 which covered both dry and wet seasons. Particulate matters in ambient air were collected from these three different locations using air sampler (Mini volair sampler) as directed by(APHA). During the dry season, mean concentrations of Eleme was reported to be 40 ±10 µg/m 3 and 60 ±026 µg/m 3 for PM 2.5 andPM 10 respectively. Ikoku was reported to be 30 ±01 µg/m 3 and 64 ± 024 µg/m 3. While Aluuhad mean concentrations of 50 ±10 µg/m3 and 60 ±116 µg/m3. The result showed thatIkoku had the highest mean concentration of particulate matter. During the raining (wet) season, Eleme had a mean concentration of 27 ±16 µg/m 3 and 37 ±30 µg/m3 for PM 2. 5 and PM 10 respectively. The mean concentrations of Ikoku were reported to be 23 ±08 µg/m 3 and 35±14 µg/m 3. Aluu was reported to be 13 ± 06 µg/m 3 and 13 ± 06 µg/m3. Analyzed results clearly showed that the particulate matter concentration in the atmospheric region of the studied locations during the wet season, are above the WHO permissible limit for PM 2.5 (12 µg/m 3)and below the WHO permissible limit for PM 10 (45 µg/m 3 for PM 10). The results of this research are clear indication that the ambient air within the study areas is quite polluted. Judging from the concentrations of PM recorded, it is recommended that the industries operating within the studied areas should be adequately monitored and control by established regulatory agencies to curtail and minimize further emission of these substances into the atmosphere, in order to make Port Harcourt a livable city for people.
Bulletin of The Chemical Society of Ethiopia, Aug 30, 2022
The aim of this research was to provide an overview of current knowledge, by assessing the possib... more The aim of this research was to provide an overview of current knowledge, by assessing the possible contamination sources of harvested rainwater by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), its effects and possible human health risk assessment. Random sampling technique was used to collect eight rainwater samples from different roofing materials made from (asbestos, zinc, aluminium and thatch) in Warri and Agbarho (AGB). The samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) system according to the established procedures of United States Environmental Public Agency (USEPA). Under the optimized conditions, the ranges of extraction recoveries and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up of the PAHs in the harvested rainwater were in the range of 71-90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the determination of the sixteen priority PAHs in the samples. The total concentration of PAHs for each of the roof types in Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company (WRPC) are: 0.036±0.012, 0.047±0.020, 0.045±0.018 and 0.0023±0.008 ppm for aluminium, zinc, asbestos and thatch roof, respectively. In addition, total concentration of PAHs for each of the roof types in AGB are: 0.046±0.020, 0.024±0.009, 0.023±0.008 and 0.021±0.007 ppm for aluminium, zinc, asbestos and thatch roof. The PAHs analysed exceeded the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) standards of contamination.
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2022
In a follow-up study to experiments conducted in order to evaluate the fertilizer potentials of c... more In a follow-up study to experiments conducted in order to evaluate the fertilizer potentials of coffee pulp composts enhanced with (micro) biological accelerators on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops, a triple experiment was conducted on two cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) varieties (Mukasi and Kidodo) and on egg plant (Solanum melongena L.). Tested treatments were: T 1 =Coffee pulp (CP) alone, T 4 =CP + 2 L molasse + 2 L EM + 74 kg of dolomitic lime (CP+EM 2), T 5 = CP + 33.5 kg of bean residues (BR) + 33.5 kg of soil (forest soil) (CP+BR 2), T 6 =Recommended organo-mineral fertilizer application for cabbage and T 7 =Control (non amended/fertilised). The first experiment with the Mukasi cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) variety showed that CP+EM 2 (T 4) and CP+BR 2 (T 5) gave statistically equivalent yields. In the second experiment with the cabbage (Kidodo variety), fresh head yields followed the order: T 5 (CP + BR 2) ≥ T 6 (organo-mineral fertilizer) ≥ T 1 (CP alone) ≥ T 4 (CP+ EM 2) ≥ T 7 (Control), indicating the superiority of the coffe pulp co-composted with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues. Overall, CP+EM 2 treatment (T 4) did not perform well, particularly with Kidodo variety. The low performance of CP+EM 2 (T 4) was confirmed by the egg plant experiment, in which the highest yield was registered with the CP compost alone (T 1), followed by CP + BR 2 (T 5), the control treatment (T 7) and lastly by CP + EM 2 (T 4). In accordance with the previous potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) experiments, we confirm the consistent agronomic superiority of the CP+BR 2 treatment (T 5) over other tested treatments, including the costy inorganic treatment (T 6). This conclusive statement is enhanced by the fact that the CP+BR 2 treatment (T 5) is more accessible and more reproducible by farmers (because locally available), in comparison with the CP+EM 2 treatment (T 4). The latter compost treatment is more problematic with regard to cost of acquisition (importation), conservation, manipulation and availability to poor rural Burundi farmers.
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2021
This research work examined soil management for cassava production in Isoko, Delta State, Nigeria... more This research work examined soil management for cassava production in Isoko, Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted an exclusively field survey method. This involved the collection of soil samples in-situ for laboratory analysis. The study area was grouped into four zones based on close boundary villages. Major soil physiochemical parameters needed for cassava production were the main crust of the scientific investigation. They include NPK and soil pH. Results obtained from laboratory analysis, data were compared with minimum bench mark standards and threshold using FAO standards of land evaluation for cassava production. Results obtained from the soil analysis showed that Nitrogen is deficient in the soil with the value of (0.0325%) against the backdrop of FAO threshold standard of (1.5231%). Potassium was also found to be deficient in the soil with a mean value of 0.2895 cmol/kg which is below the FAO required threshold standard of 1.6350 cmo/kg needed for effective production of yield of tubers. Phosphorous though present in fairly adequate quantity, with a mean value of 2.4250 cmol/kg compared with FAO threshold of 3.1252 cmol/kg, its effective utilization may be highly impaired as a result of Nitrogen deficiency. Soil pH of 5.90 falls within the range of slightly acidic soil against the required standard of 7.0 which is considered natural. To test the hypotheses, postulated for the study, the ANOVA statistical tool was used to ascertain if a significant difference exists in the soil nutrient across the various zones. Based on the decision rule for f-ratio, the (F-cal) is 0.079 while the table value is 4.07 at 0.05sig. The implication is that, there is a significant difference between the required standard and the observed. The study thus confirmed that the soils of the study area are deficient in vital soil nutrients required for cassava production. Nutrient deficiency is therefore a major constraint to cassava production in the area. Strategies to ameliorate the soil constraints were also advanced.
A comparative study of the determination of iron composition in some commercial iron tablets/caps... more A comparative study of the determination of iron composition in some commercial iron tablets/capsule using spectrophotometric method. Spectrophotometric method is based on the formation of complex iron compound-ferrous tris-o-phenanthroline complex by boiling with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and subsequent addition with 1, 10-phenanthroline at p H ~ 3±0.2 and the absorbance of this colored solution is measured with a spectrophotometer at 508nm. A calibration curve was found to be linear up to the concentration range of 0.0004 mg/ml to 0.0040 mg/ml. Total four pharmaceutical samples from different pharmaceutical companies were analyzed and results were compared with WHO iron intake for human consumption requirement. The study showed that the total iron content in pharmaceutical samples were 46.41 mg, 28.93 mg, 18.86 mg and 29.54 per 1g of the samples. These values are in good agreement with WHO standard and pharmaceutical range.
Physichochemical analysis of palm oil purchased from major markets in agbarho, ewhreni, Opete, Ug... more Physichochemical analysis of palm oil purchased from major markets in agbarho, ewhreni, Opete, Ughelli and Unenurhie in Delta state, Nigeria was carried out to determine the level of adulteration and compared with Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) for palm oil. Saponification value and peroxide, the pearson's method was adopted, moisture content was determined using the gravimetric method of air-oven drying to constant weight at 105 o C, free fatty acid: method of analysis of the association of analytical chemist was used. Iodine value by Wijs' method. Specific gravity was determined using a pycrometer gravimetric method. Viscosity was analyzed by means of Fungilab smart series Rotational Viscometer Version 1.2 at a temperature of 400C by means of a Thermostat. Melting point and Protein content, method of American oil analytical chemist AOCSCc 3-25 method. The analysis of the results obtained showed that the palm oil samples from Unenurhie had the lowest moisture content value of 0.41 %.None of the sample fell within SON recommended value of 195-205mg/g, these indicating its suitability for soap making. Though, the level of conformity of Unenurhie sample to SON standard was the closest, other samples were still close. Thus, there is likelihood that most of oil sold in the above named markets is not adulterated.
The corrosion inhibitive effect of Tagetes erecta L as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosio... more The corrosion inhibitive effect of Tagetes erecta L as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion control of Aluminium in 0.5 Molar solution of HCl acid have been investigated using the weight loss method which is considered best informative than other laboratory methods. The study was carried out using 0.5m-4.8ml of the Tagetes erecta L leaf extract respectively. Aluminum sheets of purity 97.9% were used in this study. Each sheet was 0.14cm thick and was mechanically cut into rectangular coupons of dimension 3 cm x 2 cm. The total surface area of the coupon used was 20 cm 2. These coupons were used without further polishing. However, surface treatment of the coupon involved degreasing in absolute ethanol and drying in acetone. The test coupons were totally immersed in the corroding 0.5M HCl containing various concentration of the inhibitor African marigold (Tagetes erecta L) at the time intervals of 5-25 hours. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 72.2% was obtained at the concentration of 4.8ml .The corrosion effect was investigated thoroughly and the corrosion rate was found to decrease while the inhibitive efficiency increases as the inhibitor concentration was increased. The study showed that Tagetes erecta L possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion rate of aluminium in 0.5M HCl acid.
Corrosion inhibition of Aluminium coupon in acidic medium using flower extract of marigold (Taget... more Corrosion inhibition of Aluminium coupon in acidic medium using flower extract of marigold (Tagetes erecta L) in 0.5M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss technique which is considered more informative than other laboratory methods. Aluminium sheets of purity 98.98%, each sheet was 0.1 cm in thickness and cut into coupons of dimension 6cm x 3cm and was decreased by washing with absolute ethanol, dried in acetone. These rectangular test coupons were totally immersed in the acid solution containing the various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 5-25 hours. The maximum values of the inhibition efficiency of 90.2%, 90.1%, and 90.1% were obtained at the concentration of 3.4ml, 4.5ml and 5.6ml for 5hours immersion time respectively. The corrosion rate was found to decrease tremendously and it was also observed that the inhibition efficiency (%) increased with an increase in the volume of the extracts. The corrosion inhibition is probably due to the adsorption of the phytochemical constituents of the extract on the metal surface and blocking its active sites by the phenomenon of chemical adsorption. The study showed that the flower extract of Targets erecta L. in 0.5M HCl possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion rate of aluminium.
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of roofing materials on water quality, in Warri... more This study was aimed at investigating the effects of roofing materials on water quality, in Warri district. Random sampling technique was used to collect forty two (42) rainwater samples from different roofing materials made from (asbestos, zinc, aluminium and thatch roof) including the control (rainwater collected directly from the sky) in Warri refinery and petrochemical company(WRPC) and military formation area(MLF). The harvested rainwater samples were analyzed using Atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, AAS, TDS meter, heating plates, electrical conductivity meter, retort stand, pH meter, Turbidity meter, Conductivity meter etc. Results obtained revealed that most of physiochemical parameters of rainwater samples analyzed were generally below the WHO threshold. The results also indicate the presence of Pb, Fe and Cr, in the harvested rainwater samples, of which Pb that is a poisonous metal is above the maximum WHO allowable limit of 0.3 mg/L. From the results, scientifically, it is advisable that the first flush from all the rooftops cannot be used because of high levels of dirt, rust etc. Fifth flush and above can be used for domestic chores like washing, mopping, irrigation, cleaning, laundry etc. without further purification, but should be subjected to simple water treatment like boiling and chlorination before it can be consumed.
In this study, 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in sediment sa... more In this study, 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in sediment samples in three Rivers (i.e. Orashi River, Aluu River and Woji River) in Port Harcourt, River State Nigeria. Pretreatment of the samples were performed to increase the homogeneity of the soil and to increase the extractability of the analytes in the sediment was carried out using dichloromethane. The samples were extracted using the soxhlet extractor and clean-up by Solid phase extraction (SPE) clean up, using a 12-port vacuum manifold from SUPELCO with 6 mL Supelco C18 SPE cartridges. Under the optimized conditions, the ranges of extraction recoveries and SPE clean-up of the PAHs in the sediments were in the range of 71-90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the extraction and determination of the 16 PAHs in the samples. The method prescribed United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used throughout the analysis. The detection of PAHs in the present study shows that there are serious pollutants in the water and sediments; it also indicates the inefficiency of water resources management in the three Rivers in Port Harcourt, River state Nigeria.
The aim of this study was to determine heavy metals levels (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Znand Fe)... more The aim of this study was to determine heavy metals levels (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Znand Fe), in the sediments of three rivers (Orashi River, Aluu River and Woji River). Nine sediment samples were collected from the three rivers (.3 samples from each river). The samples were digested .by placing 10 g of each sample into beakers, then 20 cm 3 of concentrated trioxonitrate (v) acid was added, and were carefully heated on a hot plate. The samples were cooled and 2-4 cm 3 of perchloric acid (HClO4) was added and heated until a cleared sample solution was obtained. The samples were diluted and filtered into 100cm 3 volumetric flasks and the concentrations of the metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni were the main contaminants. It was noted that the concentrations of Pb and Cd, which are poisonous metals, were high in the sediment samples, compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum allowable limit of 0.01 mg/L for both lead and cadmium.
The corrosion Inhibitive effect of Coconut (Cocos nucifera linn) juice on the acid corrosion of a... more The corrosion Inhibitive effect of Coconut (Cocos nucifera linn) juice on the acid corrosion of aluminium in 1M HCl solution was studied by a weight loss technique which is regarded as the best method for this analysis. The analyses were carried out using 5-30ml of the Cocos nucifera linn. Aluminum sheets of purity 99.8% were used in this study. Each sheet was 0.12cm thick and was cut into square like shaped coupons of dimension 4 cm x 5 cm. However, surface treatment of the coupon involved degreasing in absolute ethanol and drying in acetone. The pre-weighted aluminum coupons were totally immersed in a beaker containing the corroding acidic medium of various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 1-5 hours. The inhibitor exhibited highest inhibition efficiency of 84.0% at the highest inhibitor concentration of 60% v/v. The corrosion rate was found to decrease. It was found that the extracts of Cocos nucifera inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in this acid medium. The inhibitor (coconut water) efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the Cocos nucifera juice at 30 0 C. This research showed that coconut juice possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion of aluminium in the1M HCl.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemical Sciences , 2023
This research study was conducted due to growing industrial activities and the associated consequ... more This research study was conducted due to growing industrial activities and the associated consequences around the study areas to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations (changes) in the concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air from Eleme,Aluu and Ikoku in Rivers state, Nigeria. The duration of this study lasted from April, 2021through January, 2022 which covered both dry and wet seasons. Particulate matters in ambient air were collected from these three different locations using air sampler (Mini volair sampler) as directed by(APHA). During the dry season, mean concentrations of Eleme was reported to be 40 ±10 µg/m 3 and 60 ±026 µg/m 3 for PM 2.5 andPM 10 respectively. Ikoku was reported to be 30 ±01 µg/m 3 and 64 ± 024 µg/m 3. While Aluuhad mean concentrations of 50 ±10 µg/m3 and 60 ±116 µg/m3. The result showed thatIkoku had the highest mean concentration of particulate matter. During the raining (wet) season, Eleme had a mean concentration of 27 ±16 µg/m 3 and 37 ±30 µg/m3 for PM 2. 5 and PM 10 respectively. The mean concentrations of Ikoku were reported to be 23 ±08 µg/m 3 and 35±14 µg/m 3. Aluu was reported to be 13 ± 06 µg/m 3 and 13 ± 06 µg/m3. Analyzed results clearly showed that the particulate matter concentration in the atmospheric region of the studied locations during the wet season, are above the WHO permissible limit for PM 2.5 (12 µg/m 3)and below the WHO permissible limit for PM 10 (45 µg/m 3 for PM 10). The results of this research are clear indication that the ambient air within the study areas is quite polluted. Judging from the concentrations of PM recorded, it is recommended that the industries operating within the studied areas should be adequately monitored and control by established regulatory agencies to curtail and minimize further emission of these substances into the atmosphere, in order to make Port Harcourt a livable city for people.
Bulletin of The Chemical Society of Ethiopia, Aug 30, 2022
The aim of this research was to provide an overview of current knowledge, by assessing the possib... more The aim of this research was to provide an overview of current knowledge, by assessing the possible contamination sources of harvested rainwater by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), its effects and possible human health risk assessment. Random sampling technique was used to collect eight rainwater samples from different roofing materials made from (asbestos, zinc, aluminium and thatch) in Warri and Agbarho (AGB). The samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) system according to the established procedures of United States Environmental Public Agency (USEPA). Under the optimized conditions, the ranges of extraction recoveries and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up of the PAHs in the harvested rainwater were in the range of 71-90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the determination of the sixteen priority PAHs in the samples. The total concentration of PAHs for each of the roof types in Warri Refinery Petrochemical Company (WRPC) are: 0.036±0.012, 0.047±0.020, 0.045±0.018 and 0.0023±0.008 ppm for aluminium, zinc, asbestos and thatch roof, respectively. In addition, total concentration of PAHs for each of the roof types in AGB are: 0.046±0.020, 0.024±0.009, 0.023±0.008 and 0.021±0.007 ppm for aluminium, zinc, asbestos and thatch roof. The PAHs analysed exceeded the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) standards of contamination.
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2022
In a follow-up study to experiments conducted in order to evaluate the fertilizer potentials of c... more In a follow-up study to experiments conducted in order to evaluate the fertilizer potentials of coffee pulp composts enhanced with (micro) biological accelerators on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops, a triple experiment was conducted on two cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) varieties (Mukasi and Kidodo) and on egg plant (Solanum melongena L.). Tested treatments were: T 1 =Coffee pulp (CP) alone, T 4 =CP + 2 L molasse + 2 L EM + 74 kg of dolomitic lime (CP+EM 2), T 5 = CP + 33.5 kg of bean residues (BR) + 33.5 kg of soil (forest soil) (CP+BR 2), T 6 =Recommended organo-mineral fertilizer application for cabbage and T 7 =Control (non amended/fertilised). The first experiment with the Mukasi cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) variety showed that CP+EM 2 (T 4) and CP+BR 2 (T 5) gave statistically equivalent yields. In the second experiment with the cabbage (Kidodo variety), fresh head yields followed the order: T 5 (CP + BR 2) ≥ T 6 (organo-mineral fertilizer) ≥ T 1 (CP alone) ≥ T 4 (CP+ EM 2) ≥ T 7 (Control), indicating the superiority of the coffe pulp co-composted with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues. Overall, CP+EM 2 treatment (T 4) did not perform well, particularly with Kidodo variety. The low performance of CP+EM 2 (T 4) was confirmed by the egg plant experiment, in which the highest yield was registered with the CP compost alone (T 1), followed by CP + BR 2 (T 5), the control treatment (T 7) and lastly by CP + EM 2 (T 4). In accordance with the previous potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) experiments, we confirm the consistent agronomic superiority of the CP+BR 2 treatment (T 5) over other tested treatments, including the costy inorganic treatment (T 6). This conclusive statement is enhanced by the fact that the CP+BR 2 treatment (T 5) is more accessible and more reproducible by farmers (because locally available), in comparison with the CP+EM 2 treatment (T 4). The latter compost treatment is more problematic with regard to cost of acquisition (importation), conservation, manipulation and availability to poor rural Burundi farmers.
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2021
This research work examined soil management for cassava production in Isoko, Delta State, Nigeria... more This research work examined soil management for cassava production in Isoko, Delta State, Nigeria. The study adopted an exclusively field survey method. This involved the collection of soil samples in-situ for laboratory analysis. The study area was grouped into four zones based on close boundary villages. Major soil physiochemical parameters needed for cassava production were the main crust of the scientific investigation. They include NPK and soil pH. Results obtained from laboratory analysis, data were compared with minimum bench mark standards and threshold using FAO standards of land evaluation for cassava production. Results obtained from the soil analysis showed that Nitrogen is deficient in the soil with the value of (0.0325%) against the backdrop of FAO threshold standard of (1.5231%). Potassium was also found to be deficient in the soil with a mean value of 0.2895 cmol/kg which is below the FAO required threshold standard of 1.6350 cmo/kg needed for effective production of yield of tubers. Phosphorous though present in fairly adequate quantity, with a mean value of 2.4250 cmol/kg compared with FAO threshold of 3.1252 cmol/kg, its effective utilization may be highly impaired as a result of Nitrogen deficiency. Soil pH of 5.90 falls within the range of slightly acidic soil against the required standard of 7.0 which is considered natural. To test the hypotheses, postulated for the study, the ANOVA statistical tool was used to ascertain if a significant difference exists in the soil nutrient across the various zones. Based on the decision rule for f-ratio, the (F-cal) is 0.079 while the table value is 4.07 at 0.05sig. The implication is that, there is a significant difference between the required standard and the observed. The study thus confirmed that the soils of the study area are deficient in vital soil nutrients required for cassava production. Nutrient deficiency is therefore a major constraint to cassava production in the area. Strategies to ameliorate the soil constraints were also advanced.
A comparative study of the determination of iron composition in some commercial iron tablets/caps... more A comparative study of the determination of iron composition in some commercial iron tablets/capsule using spectrophotometric method. Spectrophotometric method is based on the formation of complex iron compound-ferrous tris-o-phenanthroline complex by boiling with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and subsequent addition with 1, 10-phenanthroline at p H ~ 3±0.2 and the absorbance of this colored solution is measured with a spectrophotometer at 508nm. A calibration curve was found to be linear up to the concentration range of 0.0004 mg/ml to 0.0040 mg/ml. Total four pharmaceutical samples from different pharmaceutical companies were analyzed and results were compared with WHO iron intake for human consumption requirement. The study showed that the total iron content in pharmaceutical samples were 46.41 mg, 28.93 mg, 18.86 mg and 29.54 per 1g of the samples. These values are in good agreement with WHO standard and pharmaceutical range.
Physichochemical analysis of palm oil purchased from major markets in agbarho, ewhreni, Opete, Ug... more Physichochemical analysis of palm oil purchased from major markets in agbarho, ewhreni, Opete, Ughelli and Unenurhie in Delta state, Nigeria was carried out to determine the level of adulteration and compared with Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) for palm oil. Saponification value and peroxide, the pearson's method was adopted, moisture content was determined using the gravimetric method of air-oven drying to constant weight at 105 o C, free fatty acid: method of analysis of the association of analytical chemist was used. Iodine value by Wijs' method. Specific gravity was determined using a pycrometer gravimetric method. Viscosity was analyzed by means of Fungilab smart series Rotational Viscometer Version 1.2 at a temperature of 400C by means of a Thermostat. Melting point and Protein content, method of American oil analytical chemist AOCSCc 3-25 method. The analysis of the results obtained showed that the palm oil samples from Unenurhie had the lowest moisture content value of 0.41 %.None of the sample fell within SON recommended value of 195-205mg/g, these indicating its suitability for soap making. Though, the level of conformity of Unenurhie sample to SON standard was the closest, other samples were still close. Thus, there is likelihood that most of oil sold in the above named markets is not adulterated.
The corrosion inhibitive effect of Tagetes erecta L as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosio... more The corrosion inhibitive effect of Tagetes erecta L as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion control of Aluminium in 0.5 Molar solution of HCl acid have been investigated using the weight loss method which is considered best informative than other laboratory methods. The study was carried out using 0.5m-4.8ml of the Tagetes erecta L leaf extract respectively. Aluminum sheets of purity 97.9% were used in this study. Each sheet was 0.14cm thick and was mechanically cut into rectangular coupons of dimension 3 cm x 2 cm. The total surface area of the coupon used was 20 cm 2. These coupons were used without further polishing. However, surface treatment of the coupon involved degreasing in absolute ethanol and drying in acetone. The test coupons were totally immersed in the corroding 0.5M HCl containing various concentration of the inhibitor African marigold (Tagetes erecta L) at the time intervals of 5-25 hours. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 72.2% was obtained at the concentration of 4.8ml .The corrosion effect was investigated thoroughly and the corrosion rate was found to decrease while the inhibitive efficiency increases as the inhibitor concentration was increased. The study showed that Tagetes erecta L possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion rate of aluminium in 0.5M HCl acid.
Corrosion inhibition of Aluminium coupon in acidic medium using flower extract of marigold (Taget... more Corrosion inhibition of Aluminium coupon in acidic medium using flower extract of marigold (Tagetes erecta L) in 0.5M HCl solution was investigated using weight loss technique which is considered more informative than other laboratory methods. Aluminium sheets of purity 98.98%, each sheet was 0.1 cm in thickness and cut into coupons of dimension 6cm x 3cm and was decreased by washing with absolute ethanol, dried in acetone. These rectangular test coupons were totally immersed in the acid solution containing the various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 5-25 hours. The maximum values of the inhibition efficiency of 90.2%, 90.1%, and 90.1% were obtained at the concentration of 3.4ml, 4.5ml and 5.6ml for 5hours immersion time respectively. The corrosion rate was found to decrease tremendously and it was also observed that the inhibition efficiency (%) increased with an increase in the volume of the extracts. The corrosion inhibition is probably due to the adsorption of the phytochemical constituents of the extract on the metal surface and blocking its active sites by the phenomenon of chemical adsorption. The study showed that the flower extract of Targets erecta L. in 0.5M HCl possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion rate of aluminium.
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of roofing materials on water quality, in Warri... more This study was aimed at investigating the effects of roofing materials on water quality, in Warri district. Random sampling technique was used to collect forty two (42) rainwater samples from different roofing materials made from (asbestos, zinc, aluminium and thatch roof) including the control (rainwater collected directly from the sky) in Warri refinery and petrochemical company(WRPC) and military formation area(MLF). The harvested rainwater samples were analyzed using Atomic adsorption spectrophotometer, AAS, TDS meter, heating plates, electrical conductivity meter, retort stand, pH meter, Turbidity meter, Conductivity meter etc. Results obtained revealed that most of physiochemical parameters of rainwater samples analyzed were generally below the WHO threshold. The results also indicate the presence of Pb, Fe and Cr, in the harvested rainwater samples, of which Pb that is a poisonous metal is above the maximum WHO allowable limit of 0.3 mg/L. From the results, scientifically, it is advisable that the first flush from all the rooftops cannot be used because of high levels of dirt, rust etc. Fifth flush and above can be used for domestic chores like washing, mopping, irrigation, cleaning, laundry etc. without further purification, but should be subjected to simple water treatment like boiling and chlorination before it can be consumed.
In this study, 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in sediment sa... more In this study, 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in sediment samples in three Rivers (i.e. Orashi River, Aluu River and Woji River) in Port Harcourt, River State Nigeria. Pretreatment of the samples were performed to increase the homogeneity of the soil and to increase the extractability of the analytes in the sediment was carried out using dichloromethane. The samples were extracted using the soxhlet extractor and clean-up by Solid phase extraction (SPE) clean up, using a 12-port vacuum manifold from SUPELCO with 6 mL Supelco C18 SPE cartridges. Under the optimized conditions, the ranges of extraction recoveries and SPE clean-up of the PAHs in the sediments were in the range of 71-90%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the extraction and determination of the 16 PAHs in the samples. The method prescribed United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used throughout the analysis. The detection of PAHs in the present study shows that there are serious pollutants in the water and sediments; it also indicates the inefficiency of water resources management in the three Rivers in Port Harcourt, River state Nigeria.
The aim of this study was to determine heavy metals levels (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Znand Fe)... more The aim of this study was to determine heavy metals levels (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Znand Fe), in the sediments of three rivers (Orashi River, Aluu River and Woji River). Nine sediment samples were collected from the three rivers (.3 samples from each river). The samples were digested .by placing 10 g of each sample into beakers, then 20 cm 3 of concentrated trioxonitrate (v) acid was added, and were carefully heated on a hot plate. The samples were cooled and 2-4 cm 3 of perchloric acid (HClO4) was added and heated until a cleared sample solution was obtained. The samples were diluted and filtered into 100cm 3 volumetric flasks and the concentrations of the metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni were the main contaminants. It was noted that the concentrations of Pb and Cd, which are poisonous metals, were high in the sediment samples, compared to the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum allowable limit of 0.01 mg/L for both lead and cadmium.
The corrosion Inhibitive effect of Coconut (Cocos nucifera linn) juice on the acid corrosion of a... more The corrosion Inhibitive effect of Coconut (Cocos nucifera linn) juice on the acid corrosion of aluminium in 1M HCl solution was studied by a weight loss technique which is regarded as the best method for this analysis. The analyses were carried out using 5-30ml of the Cocos nucifera linn. Aluminum sheets of purity 99.8% were used in this study. Each sheet was 0.12cm thick and was cut into square like shaped coupons of dimension 4 cm x 5 cm. However, surface treatment of the coupon involved degreasing in absolute ethanol and drying in acetone. The pre-weighted aluminum coupons were totally immersed in a beaker containing the corroding acidic medium of various concentration of the inhibitor at the time intervals of 1-5 hours. The inhibitor exhibited highest inhibition efficiency of 84.0% at the highest inhibitor concentration of 60% v/v. The corrosion rate was found to decrease. It was found that the extracts of Cocos nucifera inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in this acid medium. The inhibitor (coconut water) efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the Cocos nucifera juice at 30 0 C. This research showed that coconut juice possesses inhibiting properties for reducing the corrosion of aluminium in the1M HCl.