chrome.tabs (original) (raw)
Manifest V3
chrome.tabs
Description
Use the chrome.tabs API to interact with the browser's tab system. You can use this API to create, modify, and rearrange tabs in the browser.
The Tabs API not only offers features for manipulating and managing tabs, but can also detect thelanguage of the tab, take a screenshot, andcommunicate with a tab's content scripts.
Permissions
Most features don't require any permissions to use. For example: creating a new tab,reloading a tab, navigating to another URL, etc.
There are three permissions developers should be aware of when working with the Tabs API.
The "tabs" permission
This permission does not give access to the chrome.tabs namespace. Instead, it grants an extension the ability to call tabs.query() against four sensitive properties on tabs.Tab instances: url, pendingUrl, title, andfavIconUrl.
{
"name": "My extension",
...
"permissions": [
"tabs"
],
...
}
Host permissions
Host permissions allow an extension to read and query a matching tab's four sensitivetabs.Tab properties. They can also interact directly with the matching tabs using methods such as tabs.captureVisibleTab(),scripting.executeScript(), scripting.insertCSS(), andscripting.removeCSS().
{
"name": "My extension",
...
"host_permissions": [
"http://*/*",
"https://*/*"
],
...
}
The "activeTab" permission
activeTab grants an extension temporary host permission for the current tab in response to a user invocation. Unlike host permissions, activeTab does not trigger any warnings.
{
"name": "My extension",
...
"permissions": [
"activeTab"
],
...
}
Use cases
The following sections demonstrate some common use cases.
Open an extension page in a new tab
A common pattern for extensions is to open an onboarding page in a new tab when the extension is installed. The following example shows how to do this.
background.js:
chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(({reason}) => {
if (reason === 'install') {
chrome.tabs.create({
url: "onboarding.html"
});
}
});
Get the current tab
This example demonstrates how an extension's service worker can retrieve the active tab from the currently-focused window (or most recently-focused window, if no Chrome windows are focused). This can usually be thought of as the user's current tab.
async function getCurrentTab() {
let queryOptions = { active: true, lastFocusedWindow: true };
// `tab` will either be a `tabs.Tab` instance or `undefined`.
let [tab] = await chrome.tabs.query(queryOptions);
return tab;
}
function getCurrentTab(callback) {
let queryOptions = { active: true, lastFocusedWindow: true };
chrome.tabs.query(queryOptions, ([tab]) => {
if (chrome.runtime.lastError)
console.error(chrome.runtime.lastError);
// `tab` will either be a `tabs.Tab` instance or `undefined`.
callback(tab);
});
}
Mute the specified tab
This example shows how an extension can toggle the muted state for a given tab.
async function toggleMuteState(tabId) {
const tab = await chrome.tabs.get(tabId);
const muted = !tab.mutedInfo.muted;
await chrome.tabs.update(tabId, {muted});
console.log(`Tab <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{tab.id} is </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ab</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span></span></span></span>{muted ? "muted" : "unmuted"}`);
}
function toggleMuteState(tabId) {
chrome.tabs.get(tabId, async (tab) => {
let muted = !tab.mutedInfo.muted;
await chrome.tabs.update(tabId, { muted });
console.log(`Tab <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{tab.id} is </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ab</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span></span></span></span>{ muted ? "muted" : "unmuted" }`);
});
}
Move the current tab to the first position when clicked
This example shows how to move a tab while a drag may or may not be in progress. While this example uses chrome.tabs.move, you can use the same waiting pattern for other calls that modify tabs while a drag is in progress.
chrome.tabs.onActivated.addListener(moveToFirstPosition);
async function moveToFirstPosition(activeInfo) {
try {
await chrome.tabs.move(activeInfo.tabId, {index: 0});
console.log("Success.");
} catch (error) {
if (error == "Error: Tabs cannot be edited right now (user may be dragging a tab).") {
setTimeout(() => moveToFirstPosition(activeInfo), 50);
} else {
console.error(error);
}
}
}
chrome.tabs.onActivated.addListener(moveToFirstPositionMV2);
function moveToFirstPositionMV2(activeInfo) {
chrome.tabs.move(activeInfo.tabId, { index: 0 }, () => {
if (chrome.runtime.lastError) {
const error = chrome.runtime.lastError;
if (error == "Error: Tabs cannot be edited right now (user may be dragging a tab).") {
setTimeout(() => moveToFirstPositionMV2(activeInfo), 50);
} else {
console.error(error);
}
} else {
console.log("Success.");
}
});
}
Pass a message to a selected tab's content script
This example demonstrates how an extension's service worker can communicate with content scripts in specific browser tabs using tabs.sendMessage().
function sendMessageToActiveTab(message) {
const [tab] = await chrome.tabs.query({ active: true, lastFocusedWindow: true });
const response = await chrome.tabs.sendMessage(tab.id, message);
// TODO: Do something with the response.
}
Extension examples
For more Tabs API extensions demos, explore any of the following:
Types
MutedInfo
The tab's muted state and the reason for the last state change.
Properties
- extensionId
string optional
The ID of the extension that changed the muted state. Not set if an extension was not the reason the muted state last changed. - Whether the tab is muted (prevented from playing sound). The tab may be muted even if it has not played or is not currently playing sound. Equivalent to whether the 'muted' audio indicator is showing.
- reason
MutedInfoReason optional
The reason the tab was muted or unmuted. Not set if the tab's mute state has never been changed.
MutedInfoReason
An event that caused a muted state change.
Enum
"user"
A user input action set the muted state.
"capture"
Tab capture was started, forcing a muted state change.
"extension"
An extension, identified by the extensionId field, set the muted state.
Tab
Properties
- Whether the tab is active in its window. Does not necessarily mean the window is focused.
- Whether the tab has produced sound over the past couple of seconds (but it might not be heard if also muted). Equivalent to whether the 'speaker audio' indicator is showing.
- Whether the tab can be discarded automatically by the browser when resources are low.
- Whether the tab is discarded. A discarded tab is one whose content has been unloaded from memory, but is still visible in the tab strip. Its content is reloaded the next time it is activated.
- favIconUrl
string optional
The URL of the tab's favicon. This property is only present if the extension has the"tabs"permission or has host permissions for the page. It may also be an empty string if the tab is loading. - Whether the tab is frozen. A frozen tab cannot execute tasks, including event handlers or timers. It is visible in the tab strip and its content is loaded in memory. It is unfrozen on activation.
- The ID of the group that the tab belongs to.
- The height of the tab in pixels.
- Whether the tab is highlighted.
- The ID of the tab. Tab IDs are unique within a browser session. Under some circumstances a tab may not be assigned an ID; for example, when querying foreign tabs using the sessions API, in which case a session ID may be present. Tab ID can also be set to
chrome.tabs.TAB_ID_NONEfor apps and devtools windows. - Whether the tab is in an incognito window.
- The zero-based index of the tab within its window.
- The last time the tab became active in its window as the number of milliseconds since epoch.
- mutedInfo
MutedInfo optional
The tab's muted state and the reason for the last state change. - openerTabId
number optional
The ID of the tab that opened this tab, if any. This property is only present if the opener tab still exists. - pendingUrl
string optional
The URL the tab is navigating to, before it has committed. This property is only present if the extension has the"tabs"permission or has host permissions for the page and there is a pending navigation. - Whether the tab is pinned.
- Please use tabs.Tab.highlighted.
Whether the tab is selected. - sessionId
string optional
The session ID used to uniquely identify a tab obtained from the sessions API. - splitViewId
number optional
The ID of the Split View that the tab belongs to. - status
TabStatus optional
The tab's loading status. - The title of the tab. This property is only present if the extension has the
"tabs"permission or has host permissions for the page. - The last committed URL of the main frame of the tab. This property is only present if the extension has the
"tabs"permission or has host permissions for the page. May be an empty string if the tab has not yet committed. See also Tab.pendingUrl. - The width of the tab in pixels.
- The ID of the window that contains the tab.
TabStatus
The tab's loading status.
Enum
"unloaded"
"loading"
"complete"
WindowType
The type of window.
Enum
"normal"
"popup"
"panel"
"app"
"devtools"
ZoomSettings
Defines how zoom changes in a tab are handled and at what scope.
Properties
- defaultZoomFactor
number optional
Used to return the default zoom level for the current tab in calls to tabs.getZoomSettings. - mode
ZoomSettingsMode optional
Defines how zoom changes are handled, i.e., which entity is responsible for the actual scaling of the page; defaults toautomatic. - scope
ZoomSettingsScope optional
Defines whether zoom changes persist for the page's origin, or only take effect in this tab; defaults toper-originwhen inautomaticmode, andper-tabotherwise.
ZoomSettingsMode
Defines how zoom changes are handled, i.e., which entity is responsible for the actual scaling of the page; defaults to automatic.
Enum
"automatic"
Zoom changes are handled automatically by the browser.
"manual"
Overrides the automatic handling of zoom changes. The onZoomChange event will still be dispatched, and it is the extension's responsibility to listen for this event and manually scale the page. This mode does not support per-origin zooming, and thus ignores the scope zoom setting and assumes per-tab.
"disabled"
Disables all zooming in the tab. The tab reverts to the default zoom level, and all attempted zoom changes are ignored.
ZoomSettingsScope
Defines whether zoom changes persist for the page's origin, or only take effect in this tab; defaults to per-origin when in automatic mode, and per-tab otherwise.
Enum
"per-origin"
Zoom changes persist in the zoomed page's origin, i.e., all other tabs navigated to that same origin are zoomed as well. Moreover, per-origin zoom changes are saved with the origin, meaning that when navigating to other pages in the same origin, they are all zoomed to the same zoom factor. The per-origin scope is only available in the automatic mode.
"per-tab"
Zoom changes only take effect in this tab, and zoom changes in other tabs do not affect the zooming of this tab. Also, per-tab zoom changes are reset on navigation; navigating a tab always loads pages with their per-origin zoom factors.
Properties
MAX_CAPTURE_VISIBLE_TAB_CALLS_PER_SECOND
The maximum number of times that captureVisibleTab can be called per second. captureVisibleTab is expensive and should not be called too often.
SPLIT_VIEW_ID_NONE
An ID that represents the absence of a split tab.
TAB_ID_NONE
An ID that represents the absence of a browser tab.
TAB_INDEX_NONE
An index that represents the absence of a tab index in a tab_strip.
Methods
captureVisibleTab()
chrome.tabs.captureVisibleTab(
windowId?: number,
options?: ImageDetails,
): Promise
Captures the visible area of the currently active tab in the specified window. In order to call this method, the extension must have either the <all_urls> permission or the activeTab permission. In addition to sites that extensions can normally access, this method allows extensions to capture sensitive sites that are otherwise restricted, including chrome:-scheme pages, other extensions' pages, and data: URLs. These sensitive sites can only be captured with the activeTab permission. File URLs may be captured only if the extension has been granted file access.
Returns
connect()
chrome.tabs.connect(
tabId: number,
connectInfo?: object,
): runtime.Port
Connects to the content script(s) in the specified tab. The runtime.onConnect event is fired in each content script running in the specified tab for the current extension. For more details, see Content Script Messaging.
Parameters
- connectInfo
object optional
Returns
- A port that can be used to communicate with the content scripts running in the specified tab. The port's runtime.Port event is fired if the tab closes or does not exist.
create()
chrome.tabs.create(
createProperties: object,
): Promise<Tab>
Creates a new tab.
Parameters
- Whether the tab should become the active tab in the window. Does not affect whether the window is focused (see windows.update). Defaults to
true. - The position the tab should take in the window. The provided value is clamped to between zero and the number of tabs in the window.
- openerTabId
number optional
The ID of the tab that opened this tab. If specified, the opener tab must be in the same window as the newly created tab. - Whether the tab should be pinned. Defaults to
false - selected
boolean optional
Please use active.
Whether the tab should become the selected tab in the window. Defaults totrue - The URL to initially navigate the tab to. Fully-qualified URLs must include a scheme (i.e., 'http://www.google.com', not 'www.google.com'). Relative URLs are relative to the current page within the extension. Defaults to the New Tab Page.
- The window in which to create the new tab. Defaults to the current window.
- Whether the tab should become the active tab in the window. Does not affect whether the window is focused (see windows.update). Defaults to
Returns
detectLanguage()
chrome.tabs.detectLanguage(
tabId?: number,
): Promise
Detects the primary language of the content in a tab.
Returns
discard()
chrome.tabs.discard(
tabId?: number,
): Promise<Tab | undefined>
Discards a tab from memory. Discarded tabs are still visible on the tab strip and are reloaded when activated.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to be discarded. If specified, the tab is discarded unless it is active or already discarded. If omitted, the browser discards the least important tab. This can fail if no discardable tabs exist.
Returns
duplicate()
chrome.tabs.duplicate(
tabId: number,
): Promise<Tab | undefined>
Duplicates a tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to duplicate.
Returns
get()
chrome.tabs.get(
tabId: number,
): Promise<Tab>
Retrieves details about the specified tab.
Parameters
Returns
getCurrent()
chrome.tabs.getCurrent(): Promise<Tab | undefined>
Gets the tab that this script call is being made from. Returns undefined if called from a non-tab context (for example, a background page or popup view).
Returns
getZoom()
chrome.tabs.getZoom(
tabId?: number,
): Promise
Gets the current zoom factor of a specified tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to get the current zoom factor from; defaults to the active tab of the current window.
Returns
getZoomSettings()
chrome.tabs.getZoomSettings(
tabId?: number,
): Promise<ZoomSettings>
Gets the current zoom settings of a specified tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to get the current zoom settings from; defaults to the active tab of the current window.
Returns
goBack()
chrome.tabs.goBack(
tabId?: number,
): Promise
Go back to the previous page, if one is available.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to navigate back; defaults to the selected tab of the current window.
Returns
goForward()
chrome.tabs.goForward(
tabId?: number,
): Promise
Go foward to the next page, if one is available.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to navigate forward; defaults to the selected tab of the current window.
Returns
group()
chrome.tabs.group(
options: object,
): Promise
Adds one or more tabs to a specified group, or if no group is specified, adds the given tabs to a newly created group.
Parameters
- createProperties
object optional
Configurations for creating a group. Cannot be used if groupId is already specified.
* The window of the new group. Defaults to the current window. - The ID of the group to add the tabs to. If not specified, a new group will be created.
- tabIds
number | [number, ...number[]]
The tab ID or list of tab IDs to add to the specified group.
- createProperties
Returns
highlight()
chrome.tabs.highlight(
highlightInfo: object,
): Promise<windows.Window>
Highlights the given tabs and focuses on the first of group. Will appear to do nothing if the specified tab is currently active.
Parameters
- One or more tab indices to highlight.
- The window that contains the tabs.
Returns
move()
chrome.tabs.move(
tabIds: number | number[],
moveProperties: object,
): Promise<Tab | Tab[]>
Moves one or more tabs to a new position within its window, or to a new window. Note that tabs can only be moved to and from normal (window.type === "normal") windows.
Parameters
- The tab ID or list of tab IDs to move.
- The position to move the window to. Use
-1to place the tab at the end of the window. - Defaults to the window the tab is currently in.
- The position to move the window to. Use
Returns
query()
chrome.tabs.query(
queryInfo: object,
): Promise<Tab[]>
Gets all tabs that have the specified properties, or all tabs if no properties are specified.
Parameters
- Whether the tabs are active in their windows.
- Whether the tabs are audible.
- autoDiscardable
boolean optional
Whether the tabs can be discarded automatically by the browser when resources are low. - currentWindow
boolean optional
Whether the tabs are in the current window. - discarded
boolean optional
Whether the tabs are discarded. A discarded tab is one whose content has been unloaded from memory, but is still visible in the tab strip. Its content is reloaded the next time it is activated. - Whether the tabs are frozen. A frozen tab cannot execute tasks, including event handlers or timers. It is visible in the tab strip and its content is loaded in memory. It is unfrozen on activation.
- The ID of the group that the tabs are in, or tabGroups.TAB_GROUP_ID_NONE for ungrouped tabs.
- highlighted
boolean optional
Whether the tabs are highlighted. - The position of the tabs within their windows.
- lastFocusedWindow
boolean optional
Whether the tabs are in the last focused window. - Whether the tabs are muted.
- Whether the tabs are pinned.
- splitViewId
number optional
The ID of the Split View that the tabs are in, or tabs.SPLIT_VIEW_ID_NONE for tabs that aren't in a Split View. - status
TabStatus optional
The tab loading status. - Match page titles against a pattern. This property is ignored if the extension does not have the
"tabs"permission or host permissions for the page. - url
string | string[] optional
Match tabs against one or more URL patterns. Fragment identifiers are not matched. This property is ignored if the extension does not have the"tabs"permission or host permissions for the page. - The ID of the parent window, or windows.WINDOW_ID_CURRENT for the current window.
- windowType
WindowType optional
The type of window the tabs are in.
Returns
reload()
chrome.tabs.reload(
tabId?: number,
reloadProperties?: object,
): Promise
Reload a tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to reload; defaults to the selected tab of the current window.
- reloadProperties
object optional- bypassCache
boolean optional
Whether to bypass local caching. Defaults tofalse.
- bypassCache
Returns
remove()
chrome.tabs.remove(
tabIds: number | number[],
): Promise
Closes one or more tabs.
Parameters
- The tab ID or list of tab IDs to close.
Returns
sendMessage()
chrome.tabs.sendMessage(
tabId: number,
message: any,
options?: object,
): Promise
Sends a single message to the content script(s) in the specified tab, with an optional callback to run when a response is sent back. The runtime.onMessage event is fired in each content script running in the specified tab for the current extension.
Parameters
- The message to send. This message should be a JSON-ifiable object.
Returns
setZoom()
chrome.tabs.setZoom(
tabId?: number,
zoomFactor: number,
): Promise
Zooms a specified tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to zoom; defaults to the active tab of the current window.
- The new zoom factor. A value of
0sets the tab to its current default zoom factor. Values greater than0specify a (possibly non-default) zoom factor for the tab.
Returns
setZoomSettings()
chrome.tabs.setZoomSettings(
tabId?: number,
zoomSettings: ZoomSettings,
): Promise
Sets the zoom settings for a specified tab, which define how zoom changes are handled. These settings are reset to defaults upon navigating the tab.
Parameters
- The ID of the tab to change the zoom settings for; defaults to the active tab of the current window.
- Defines how zoom changes are handled and at what scope.
Returns
ungroup()
chrome.tabs.ungroup(
tabIds: number | [number, ...number[]],
): Promise
Removes one or more tabs from their respective groups. If any groups become empty, they are deleted.
Parameters
- tabIds
number | [number, ...number[]]
The tab ID or list of tab IDs to remove from their respective groups.
Returns
update()
chrome.tabs.update(
tabId?: number,
updateProperties: object,
): Promise<Tab | undefined>
Modifies the properties of a tab. Properties that are not specified in updateProperties are not modified.
Parameters
- Defaults to the selected tab of the current window.
- Whether the tab should be active. Does not affect whether the window is focused (see windows.update).
- autoDiscardable
boolean optional
Whether the tab should be discarded automatically by the browser when resources are low. - highlighted
boolean optional
Adds or removes the tab from the current selection. - Whether the tab should be muted.
- openerTabId
number optional
The ID of the tab that opened this tab. If specified, the opener tab must be in the same window as this tab. - Whether the tab should be pinned.
- selected
boolean optional
Please use highlighted.
Whether the tab should be selected. - A URL to navigate the tab to. JavaScript URLs are not supported; use scripting.executeScript instead.
Returns
Events
onActivated
chrome.tabs.onActivated.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fires when the active tab in a window changes. Note that the tab's URL may not be set at the time this event fired, but you can listen to onUpdated events so as to be notified when a URL is set.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(activeInfo: object) => void- The ID of the tab that has become active.
- The ID of the window the active tab changed inside of.
- The ID of the tab that has become active.
onAttached
chrome.tabs.onAttached.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is attached to a window; for example, because it was moved between windows.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tabId: number, attachInfo: object) => void
onCreated
chrome.tabs.onCreated.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is created. Note that the tab's URL and tab group membership may not be set at the time this event is fired, but you can listen to onUpdated events so as to be notified when a URL is set or the tab is added to a tab group.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tab: Tab) => void
onDetached
chrome.tabs.onDetached.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is detached from a window; for example, because it was moved between windows.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tabId: number, detachInfo: object) => void
onHighlighted
chrome.tabs.onHighlighted.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when the highlighted or selected tabs in a window changes.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(highlightInfo: object) => void- All highlighted tabs in the window.
- The window whose tabs changed.
- All highlighted tabs in the window.
onMoved
chrome.tabs.onMoved.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is moved within a window. Only one move event is fired, representing the tab the user directly moved. Move events are not fired for the other tabs that must move in response to the manually-moved tab. This event is not fired when a tab is moved between windows; for details, see tabs.onDetached.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tabId: number, moveInfo: object) => void
onRemoved
chrome.tabs.onRemoved.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is closed.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tabId: number, removeInfo: object) => void- True when the tab was closed because its parent window was closed.
- The window whose tab is closed.
- True when the tab was closed because its parent window was closed.
onReplaced
chrome.tabs.onReplaced.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is replaced with another tab due to prerendering or instant.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(addedTabId: number, removedTabId: number) => void
onUpdated
chrome.tabs.onUpdated.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is updated.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(tabId: number, changeInfo: object, tab: Tab) => void- The tab's new audible state.
- autoDiscardable
boolean optional
The tab's new auto-discardable state. - discarded
boolean optional
The tab's new discarded state. - favIconUrl
string optional
The tab's new favicon URL. - The tab's new frozen state.
- The tab's new group.
- mutedInfo
MutedInfo optional
The tab's new muted state and the reason for the change. - The tab's new pinned state.
- splitViewId
number optional
The tab's new Split View. - status
TabStatus optional
The tab's loading status. - The tab's new title.
- The tab's URL if it has changed.
- autoDiscardable
- The tab's new audible state.
onZoomChange
chrome.tabs.onZoomChange.addListener(
callback: function,
)
Fired when a tab is zoomed.
Parameters
- The
callbackparameter looks like:
(ZoomChangeInfo: object) => void
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Last updated 2025-12-12 UTC.