Helen Benigni | Davis & Elkins College (original) (raw)

Books by Helen Benigni

The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 includes four yearly calendars for the years 2024 to 2027. Each... more The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 includes four yearly calendars for the years 2024 to 2027. Each year has twelve months that are designed to follow a lunar month in a circle from the first quarter moon to the next month’s first quarter moon. Unlike the solar calendar we are currently using, the months primarily follow the pattern of the moon with solar or current calendar dates included below the graphic of each moon phase. Additionally, in each month’s lunar circle are the constellations and planets visible in the night sky in each particular lunar phase. This lunar, solar, and stellar calendar was created from the ancient calendars of the Celts and the Greeks by translating the notations and booting them up on the computer to the current dates which matched exactly. The ancient knowledge retrieved demonstrates that our ancestors were in touch with the patterns of the celestial bodies and Nature herself in ways we can now use to renew our bonds with the cycles of the night sky. At the bottom of each month is an explanation of the goddesses and gods, the spiritual meanings of the rituals and holidays, and the primary stars that guide us through the cycles. For further study, The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 also contains a chapter on nineteen-year cycle of the moon. This ancient calendar is a familiar pattern re-visited. Its accuracy is astounding, and its wealth of detail far outweighs our present calendars. It elevates our understanding of time into what the Druids expressed in their script on the ancient monuments in spirals and triskeles, shapes that reflect the eternal patterns of Nature. It lifts us out of the flat two-dimensional perception of time as arbitrary markings on a rectangular surface to a three-dimensional vision of time which spirals to infinity. The calendar does this by incorporating the solar, lunar, stellar and natural patterns with the human cycle. With this comes a deeper spiritual vision of our relation to the natural world. It is our opportunity to reach for the stars and use what is within and without.

The calendar is no longer being printed and sold in paper form; if anyone is interested in printing the calendar, please message Helen Benigni.

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The Emergence of the Goddess: A Study of Venus in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era

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The archetype of Venus in the Classical Era Age of Greece and in the Iron Age Culture of the Celts

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A definition of the archetype in Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Culture in Greece and Europe

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A survey of the archetype of the goddess and the bull in the Minoan, Greek, and Celtic cultures

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A study of the Bronze Age mythology of Greece with an emphasis on the archetype of the goddess an... more A study of the Bronze Age mythology of Greece with an emphasis on the archetype of the goddess and the bull

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A summary of the ancient calendars of the Greek and Celtic Iron Age including a mention of the Co... more A summary of the ancient calendars of the Greek and Celtic Iron Age including a mention of the Coligny Calendar and the Antikythera Device

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works cited

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bibliography

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Papers by Helen Benigni

In an era where patterns are indiscernible, change imminent and chaos looming, the natural cycles... more In an era where patterns are indiscernible, change imminent and chaos looming, the natural cycles of the world and the rhythms of nature draw us near. The cycles of the moon, the sun, and the stars more than other patterns in Nature such as climate change and human mutability offer an infinitely steady and sure natural pattern that flows with time and guides us through change. The ancients charted the cycles of the celestial bodies to draw down the sky connecting it to the earth and uniting both spheres in order that human experience could benefit from the infinite patterns of the heavens. We might follow the ancients in this path. Of all the celestial bodies, the moon, seemingly the most mutable, evidently the closet to us, and the most influential in our daily lives, was of primary concern to our ancestors. Monthly lunar calendars, charting the delicate and numerous patterns of the moon in conjunction with the sun and the constellations were, and are, of course, of vital importance to our earthly existence. Moreover, assigning religious and spiritual dimensions to the lunar patterns clarified the importance of the moon in our lives. One such pattern that reaches beyond the monthly charting of the moon is its Nineteen-Year Cycle. To identify the lunar cycles with human, plant and animal growth and change, the Nineteen-Year Cycle of the Moon is well worth our attention. Primarily, the Nineteen-Year Cycle of the Moon demarcates each era of our lives. Our ancestors clearly marked its importance in "The Song of Amergin."

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The Calendar of the Celts also offers a contextual series of myths that follow the patterns of th... more The Calendar of the Celts also offers a contextual series of myths that follow the patterns of the months and seasons as they are charted in the night sky. This basis for the spiritual and religious beliefs of the Celtic peoples is easily traced through each month of the year by charting the moon, the stars, and particularly the constellations on the Coligny Calendar. Since the bronze tablet of the Calendar of the Celts discovered in ancient Gaul has some lacuna and is written in a notation of astronomy, the translation of the artifact involves using some of the names of the constellations on the Greek calendar of Attica which traces the same cycles of the celestial bodies. Given the names of the constellations and the deities they represent throughout the year in the Greek Iron Age, the Celtic deities are thus easily identifiable through comparative mythology. Amazing as is sounds, the Neolithic peoples of the British Isles, Europe and the Mediterranean were thus able to give us a mythology that spanned cultures and was preserved well into the Iron Age and now is available to us in the present age. Archetypes, cross-cultural myths, and deities in the night sky have come down through the ages to enlighten us as to the patterns of the mind of our ancestors of thousands of years ago.

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This article outlines the cycles of the moon in sync with the cycles the sun and the planets that... more This article outlines the cycles of the moon in sync with the cycles the sun and the planets that are measured on Stonehenge and recorded on The Moon Cycle Calendar of the Druids discovered in Coligny, France.

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This article is dedicated to the Witches. Please feel free to use the names of the Goddesses and... more This article is dedicated to the Witches. Please feel free to use the names of the Goddesses and the sacred places of their temples in your chants and spells, especially during the time of the Solar and Lunar Eclipses. This article is condemning of the patriarchy and energetic in its introduction in an emotional appeal to both identify and blame the causes of the destruction of the Goddess by the patriarchy in ancient Greece and the Celtic nations. Please bear with this author in her attempt to reveal both the negative and emotive aspects of the changes to the Goddess from the patriarchy in a work from the heart as well as a work of the intellect that attempts to capture both the active need to make change through revenge and witch spells as well as the intellectual realization of the existence of an archetype based on women’s scorn. Both are necessary for change.

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The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the ba... more The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the balance of the Natural World appropriately takes the form in the celestial sphere as an abrupt and frightening change in the heavens: an eclipse. The actions of the Goddess of the Eclipses are not the warrior goddess archetype but the intellectually powerful and disturbed nature of a Goddess represented as a raging fury determined to shake the universe, darken the skies, and set the world into a readjustment of its values after experiencing the chaos of the unnatural. Her power is to astound, frighten, and horrify to create the required and necessary change to the universe of humanity that is out of sync with Nature. Therefore, her power dwells in the unmasking of uncertainty and the shocking of humanity to evoke revenge and correct misconduct through a demonstration of cosmic change. The figure of the archetype must therefore rely on the ratio seminales or seeds of destruction planted in the human imagination to evoke such monumental shifts in cultural behavior. Like the eclipse itself, the Goddess of the Eclipses demands a recalibration of the universe as Divine Feminine Ruler of the Heavens to create a shift in paradigms guaranteed to repeat itself when necessary. The abrupt and frightening change necessary to recalibrate the actions of humanity finds its perfect expression in the lunar and solar eclipse cycle and its perfect metaphor in the human mind as The Goddess of the Eclipses celebrated as the Cailleach Bhéarra, the Goddess of Dowth, the Badb, Nemain and the Mórrigú, The Morrigan, Hecate, Pasiphaë, Circe and Medea.

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S/HE: An International Journal of Goddess Studies , 2023

Abstract The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order a... more Abstract The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the balance of the Natural World appropriately takes the form in the celestial sphere as an abrupt and frightening change in the heavens: an eclipse. The actions of the Goddess of the Eclipses are not the warrior goddess archetype but the intellectually powerful and disturbed nature of a Goddess represented as a raging fury determined to shake the universe, darken the skies, and set the world into a readjustment of its values after experiencing the chaos of the unnatural. Her power is to astound, frighten, and horrify to create the required and necessary change to the universe of humanity that is out of sync with Nature. Therefore, her power dwells in the unmasking of uncertainty and the shocking of humanity to evoke revenge and correct misconduct through a demonstration of cosmic change. The figure of the archetype must therefore rely on the ratio seminales or seeds of destruction planted in the human imagination to evoke such monumental shifts in cultural behavior. Like the eclipse itself, the Goddess of the Eclipses demands a recalibration of the universe as Divine Feminine Ruler of the Heavens to create a shift in paradigms guaranteed to repeat itself when necessary. The abrupt and frightening change necessary to recalibrate the actions of humanity finds its perfect expression in the lunar and solar eclipse cycle and its perfect metaphor in the human mind as The Goddess of the Eclipses celebrated as the Cailleach Bhéarra, the Goddess of Dowth, the Badb, Nemain and the Mórrigú, The Morrigan, Hecate, Pasiphaë, Circe and Medea.

Keywords Ancient goddesses, Greek mythology, Irish mythology, Celtic mythology, comparative mythology, archetypes, Paleolithic goddesses, Neolithic goddesses, Bronze Age goddesses, Iron Age goddesses, ancient astronomy, archeoastronomy, feminist studies, ancient calendars, goddess spirituality, eclipses

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When Rome attempted to unite the East and West under religious sovereignty in the centuries direc... more When Rome attempted to unite the East and West under religious sovereignty in the centuries directly preceding the advent of Christianity, the goddess already accepted by Greece and Rome hailing from Ancient Phrygia and Lydia, The Mother of the Gods, known as Cybele in the East, and Rhea, Hera and Juno in the West, was often introduced as was Mithras or Mitra, in an attempt to merge nations with ancient philosophies. The ethics of such a transference of ideologies spanning East and West was as challenging to the ancients as it is to our own imaginations. The goddesses of feminine dominion, ascendency, and power often coupled with or mother to the rulers of the sun, the bull and the cycles of life and death, creation and sacrifice, were already waning mainly due to the influence of the patriarchal Indo-Aryan and Indo-European waves of immigration in the East and West, respectively. The Mother of the Gods was quickly fading into the background replaced by the need for patriarchal rule and the development of sovereign nations, based not on the ancient traditions of cult, hero worship, and the established connection between human and divine but on a more abstract and universalizing deity represented in the sovereign ruler of the state. The Mother of the Gods, therefore, began to take on characteristics of a political figure concerned with sovereignty, the contractual agreement between the state and the individual, and the bonding and alliance of nations. Her attributes were increasingly sublime, and in an effort to promote the " Son " of the Sol Invictus, the God of covenant, treaty, agreement and promise, The Mother of the Gods was sublimated and reduced to symbols and abstracts. In the underground cult of Mithras in Rome, the sublimation of the goddess took the form of Luna, and in the public adoration of the masses in the Roman Forum, she was worshipped as Cybele and Juno. In the Mithraic tradition, still personified as a goddess of the lunar forces, she influenced and looked over the development of Mithras as he and his followers sacrificed to the Sol Invictus in the name of the political and military powers of the state. Also, as part of the initiation of the Roman cult of Mithras, the goddess was represented as sacred baptismal water, and in the European temples of the cult of Mithras by Hadrian's Wall in Northern Britain and in Wales facing the Isle of Anglesey, the goddess was accepted as Coventina, the Celtic goddess of sacred springs and wells. Futhermore, the sublimation of the goddess in the Roman and European cults included many of the symbols of the ancient Bird and Snake Goddesses, powerful deities of protection and military intelligence.

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The ancient use of language often included an object of art as a symbol for a thought.

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The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 includes four yearly calendars for the years 2024 to 2027. Each... more The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 includes four yearly calendars for the years 2024 to 2027. Each year has twelve months that are designed to follow a lunar month in a circle from the first quarter moon to the next month’s first quarter moon. Unlike the solar calendar we are currently using, the months primarily follow the pattern of the moon with solar or current calendar dates included below the graphic of each moon phase. Additionally, in each month’s lunar circle are the constellations and planets visible in the night sky in each particular lunar phase. This lunar, solar, and stellar calendar was created from the ancient calendars of the Celts and the Greeks by translating the notations and booting them up on the computer to the current dates which matched exactly. The ancient knowledge retrieved demonstrates that our ancestors were in touch with the patterns of the celestial bodies and Nature herself in ways we can now use to renew our bonds with the cycles of the night sky. At the bottom of each month is an explanation of the goddesses and gods, the spiritual meanings of the rituals and holidays, and the primary stars that guide us through the cycles. For further study, The Moon Cycle Calendar 2024-2027 also contains a chapter on nineteen-year cycle of the moon. This ancient calendar is a familiar pattern re-visited. Its accuracy is astounding, and its wealth of detail far outweighs our present calendars. It elevates our understanding of time into what the Druids expressed in their script on the ancient monuments in spirals and triskeles, shapes that reflect the eternal patterns of Nature. It lifts us out of the flat two-dimensional perception of time as arbitrary markings on a rectangular surface to a three-dimensional vision of time which spirals to infinity. The calendar does this by incorporating the solar, lunar, stellar and natural patterns with the human cycle. With this comes a deeper spiritual vision of our relation to the natural world. It is our opportunity to reach for the stars and use what is within and without.

The calendar is no longer being printed and sold in paper form; if anyone is interested in printing the calendar, please message Helen Benigni.

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The Emergence of the Goddess: A Study of Venus in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Era

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The archetype of Venus in the Classical Era Age of Greece and in the Iron Age Culture of the Celts

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A definition of the archetype in Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Culture in Greece and Europe

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A survey of the archetype of the goddess and the bull in the Minoan, Greek, and Celtic cultures

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A study of the Bronze Age mythology of Greece with an emphasis on the archetype of the goddess an... more A study of the Bronze Age mythology of Greece with an emphasis on the archetype of the goddess and the bull

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A summary of the ancient calendars of the Greek and Celtic Iron Age including a mention of the Co... more A summary of the ancient calendars of the Greek and Celtic Iron Age including a mention of the Coligny Calendar and the Antikythera Device

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works cited

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bibliography

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In an era where patterns are indiscernible, change imminent and chaos looming, the natural cycles... more In an era where patterns are indiscernible, change imminent and chaos looming, the natural cycles of the world and the rhythms of nature draw us near. The cycles of the moon, the sun, and the stars more than other patterns in Nature such as climate change and human mutability offer an infinitely steady and sure natural pattern that flows with time and guides us through change. The ancients charted the cycles of the celestial bodies to draw down the sky connecting it to the earth and uniting both spheres in order that human experience could benefit from the infinite patterns of the heavens. We might follow the ancients in this path. Of all the celestial bodies, the moon, seemingly the most mutable, evidently the closet to us, and the most influential in our daily lives, was of primary concern to our ancestors. Monthly lunar calendars, charting the delicate and numerous patterns of the moon in conjunction with the sun and the constellations were, and are, of course, of vital importance to our earthly existence. Moreover, assigning religious and spiritual dimensions to the lunar patterns clarified the importance of the moon in our lives. One such pattern that reaches beyond the monthly charting of the moon is its Nineteen-Year Cycle. To identify the lunar cycles with human, plant and animal growth and change, the Nineteen-Year Cycle of the Moon is well worth our attention. Primarily, the Nineteen-Year Cycle of the Moon demarcates each era of our lives. Our ancestors clearly marked its importance in "The Song of Amergin."

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The Calendar of the Celts also offers a contextual series of myths that follow the patterns of th... more The Calendar of the Celts also offers a contextual series of myths that follow the patterns of the months and seasons as they are charted in the night sky. This basis for the spiritual and religious beliefs of the Celtic peoples is easily traced through each month of the year by charting the moon, the stars, and particularly the constellations on the Coligny Calendar. Since the bronze tablet of the Calendar of the Celts discovered in ancient Gaul has some lacuna and is written in a notation of astronomy, the translation of the artifact involves using some of the names of the constellations on the Greek calendar of Attica which traces the same cycles of the celestial bodies. Given the names of the constellations and the deities they represent throughout the year in the Greek Iron Age, the Celtic deities are thus easily identifiable through comparative mythology. Amazing as is sounds, the Neolithic peoples of the British Isles, Europe and the Mediterranean were thus able to give us a mythology that spanned cultures and was preserved well into the Iron Age and now is available to us in the present age. Archetypes, cross-cultural myths, and deities in the night sky have come down through the ages to enlighten us as to the patterns of the mind of our ancestors of thousands of years ago.

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This article outlines the cycles of the moon in sync with the cycles the sun and the planets that... more This article outlines the cycles of the moon in sync with the cycles the sun and the planets that are measured on Stonehenge and recorded on The Moon Cycle Calendar of the Druids discovered in Coligny, France.

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This article is dedicated to the Witches. Please feel free to use the names of the Goddesses and... more This article is dedicated to the Witches. Please feel free to use the names of the Goddesses and the sacred places of their temples in your chants and spells, especially during the time of the Solar and Lunar Eclipses. This article is condemning of the patriarchy and energetic in its introduction in an emotional appeal to both identify and blame the causes of the destruction of the Goddess by the patriarchy in ancient Greece and the Celtic nations. Please bear with this author in her attempt to reveal both the negative and emotive aspects of the changes to the Goddess from the patriarchy in a work from the heart as well as a work of the intellect that attempts to capture both the active need to make change through revenge and witch spells as well as the intellectual realization of the existence of an archetype based on women’s scorn. Both are necessary for change.

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The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the ba... more The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the balance of the Natural World appropriately takes the form in the celestial sphere as an abrupt and frightening change in the heavens: an eclipse. The actions of the Goddess of the Eclipses are not the warrior goddess archetype but the intellectually powerful and disturbed nature of a Goddess represented as a raging fury determined to shake the universe, darken the skies, and set the world into a readjustment of its values after experiencing the chaos of the unnatural. Her power is to astound, frighten, and horrify to create the required and necessary change to the universe of humanity that is out of sync with Nature. Therefore, her power dwells in the unmasking of uncertainty and the shocking of humanity to evoke revenge and correct misconduct through a demonstration of cosmic change. The figure of the archetype must therefore rely on the ratio seminales or seeds of destruction planted in the human imagination to evoke such monumental shifts in cultural behavior. Like the eclipse itself, the Goddess of the Eclipses demands a recalibration of the universe as Divine Feminine Ruler of the Heavens to create a shift in paradigms guaranteed to repeat itself when necessary. The abrupt and frightening change necessary to recalibrate the actions of humanity finds its perfect expression in the lunar and solar eclipse cycle and its perfect metaphor in the human mind as The Goddess of the Eclipses celebrated as the Cailleach Bhéarra, the Goddess of Dowth, the Badb, Nemain and the Mórrigú, The Morrigan, Hecate, Pasiphaë, Circe and Medea.

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S/HE: An International Journal of Goddess Studies , 2023

Abstract The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order a... more Abstract The metaphor for the violence done to the Goddess as a representative of Natural Order and the balance of the Natural World appropriately takes the form in the celestial sphere as an abrupt and frightening change in the heavens: an eclipse. The actions of the Goddess of the Eclipses are not the warrior goddess archetype but the intellectually powerful and disturbed nature of a Goddess represented as a raging fury determined to shake the universe, darken the skies, and set the world into a readjustment of its values after experiencing the chaos of the unnatural. Her power is to astound, frighten, and horrify to create the required and necessary change to the universe of humanity that is out of sync with Nature. Therefore, her power dwells in the unmasking of uncertainty and the shocking of humanity to evoke revenge and correct misconduct through a demonstration of cosmic change. The figure of the archetype must therefore rely on the ratio seminales or seeds of destruction planted in the human imagination to evoke such monumental shifts in cultural behavior. Like the eclipse itself, the Goddess of the Eclipses demands a recalibration of the universe as Divine Feminine Ruler of the Heavens to create a shift in paradigms guaranteed to repeat itself when necessary. The abrupt and frightening change necessary to recalibrate the actions of humanity finds its perfect expression in the lunar and solar eclipse cycle and its perfect metaphor in the human mind as The Goddess of the Eclipses celebrated as the Cailleach Bhéarra, the Goddess of Dowth, the Badb, Nemain and the Mórrigú, The Morrigan, Hecate, Pasiphaë, Circe and Medea.

Keywords Ancient goddesses, Greek mythology, Irish mythology, Celtic mythology, comparative mythology, archetypes, Paleolithic goddesses, Neolithic goddesses, Bronze Age goddesses, Iron Age goddesses, ancient astronomy, archeoastronomy, feminist studies, ancient calendars, goddess spirituality, eclipses

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When Rome attempted to unite the East and West under religious sovereignty in the centuries direc... more When Rome attempted to unite the East and West under religious sovereignty in the centuries directly preceding the advent of Christianity, the goddess already accepted by Greece and Rome hailing from Ancient Phrygia and Lydia, The Mother of the Gods, known as Cybele in the East, and Rhea, Hera and Juno in the West, was often introduced as was Mithras or Mitra, in an attempt to merge nations with ancient philosophies. The ethics of such a transference of ideologies spanning East and West was as challenging to the ancients as it is to our own imaginations. The goddesses of feminine dominion, ascendency, and power often coupled with or mother to the rulers of the sun, the bull and the cycles of life and death, creation and sacrifice, were already waning mainly due to the influence of the patriarchal Indo-Aryan and Indo-European waves of immigration in the East and West, respectively. The Mother of the Gods was quickly fading into the background replaced by the need for patriarchal rule and the development of sovereign nations, based not on the ancient traditions of cult, hero worship, and the established connection between human and divine but on a more abstract and universalizing deity represented in the sovereign ruler of the state. The Mother of the Gods, therefore, began to take on characteristics of a political figure concerned with sovereignty, the contractual agreement between the state and the individual, and the bonding and alliance of nations. Her attributes were increasingly sublime, and in an effort to promote the " Son " of the Sol Invictus, the God of covenant, treaty, agreement and promise, The Mother of the Gods was sublimated and reduced to symbols and abstracts. In the underground cult of Mithras in Rome, the sublimation of the goddess took the form of Luna, and in the public adoration of the masses in the Roman Forum, she was worshipped as Cybele and Juno. In the Mithraic tradition, still personified as a goddess of the lunar forces, she influenced and looked over the development of Mithras as he and his followers sacrificed to the Sol Invictus in the name of the political and military powers of the state. Also, as part of the initiation of the Roman cult of Mithras, the goddess was represented as sacred baptismal water, and in the European temples of the cult of Mithras by Hadrian's Wall in Northern Britain and in Wales facing the Isle of Anglesey, the goddess was accepted as Coventina, the Celtic goddess of sacred springs and wells. Futhermore, the sublimation of the goddess in the Roman and European cults included many of the symbols of the ancient Bird and Snake Goddesses, powerful deities of protection and military intelligence.

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The ancient use of language often included an object of art as a symbol for a thought.

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Using the archetypes of the Neolithic culture defined by Marija Gimbutas and the information tra... more Using the archetypes of the Neolithic culture defined by Marija Gimbutas and the information translated from the ancient calendars of the Celts and the Greeks, a research group has identified the Goddesses of the Seasons of the year. Each season of the ancient calendars of Europe and the Mediterranean is carefully defined by its moons, solar holidays, and most importantly, a pattern of constellations that tells the story of the night sky which has been used to determine the myths of the Grandmother, the Mother and the Daughter throughout the year. Welcome this vital information by exploring the myths and the patterns of the night sky that were the base of ancient civilization. Celebrate the opportunity and join the Creatrix Studies to vilify the Goddess in our own sphere of understanding.

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Although there are Goddesses, such as Selene and Artemis, who represent the moon in its monthly p... more Although there are Goddesses, such as Selene and Artemis, who represent the moon in its monthly phases, the lunar cycles beyond the moon's monthly journey are represented by certain deities, such as Hecate and the Cailleach Bheara, who embody a much more powerful aspect of change. Lunar eclipses, the Nineteen-Year Cycle of the Moon, the 18.6 Year Cycle of the Moon, and the Saros Cycle are these cycles of powerful change whose energies require a dominant figure to represent them in our imaginations. From the Venus of Laussel in the Paleolithic Era to the Iron Age, these deities of the Moon astound us with their attention to celestial patterns that effect both our cultural and individual sense of the cosmos and our place in it.

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The oldest level of meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries from the Neolithic Era is the agricultur... more The oldest level of meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries from the Neolithic Era is the agricultural metaphor of preparation for the grain harvest and the storing of the seeds in the ninth, tenth and eleventh moons with the guiding constellation of Cassiopeia. Other levels of meaning include the religious meaning of re-birth, resurrection, and the presentation of the Madonna as Mother and Daughter as well as the Triskele or Trinity of Daughter, Mother, and Crone. The political metaphor is one of the cultural response filled with grief, anger and pain, of the matri-local cultures to the ensuing patriarchy. Psychologically, the Mysteries parallel the stages of grief for the dying, and in particular, for the death of a child. Most importantly, the Mysteries celebrate the Divinie Feminine in the presentation of the Goddesses and Priestesses and their celebration of the Thesmophoria in the eleventh lunar cycle.

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Like the forces of Mother Nature which are prevalent in cultures of all time, the cosmic solution... more Like the forces of Mother Nature which are prevalent in cultures of all time, the cosmic solution is depicted in Whitman's poetry as the vessel or womb of life. Whitman is born from the womb-float and recedes into it as it represents eternity in the form of an embryonic state. Because Whitman's most immediate experiences of the cosmic float are in his poetry which describes the sea, the waters of earth become a transcendent medium for the cosmic float. The Ocean Mother of the "Sea Drift" poems and "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" are Whitman's testimony to the existence of the cosmic solution and eternal womb that holds life.

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Researching the fiction of Morgan Llywelyn encourages immersion in Celtic culture and knowledge o... more Researching the fiction of Morgan Llywelyn encourages immersion in Celtic culture and knowledge of Celtic mythology that is both unusual and challenging. Basically, it involves two stages: identifying the characters, the events, and the ancient artifacts and monuments in the fiction and understanding their context from a fictional standpoint. Below are four suggested pathways to discover the complexity of Llywelyn's novel entitled "Only the Stones Survive."

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This annotated bibliography of Louise Erdrich's "The Red Convertible" is a guide containing topic... more This annotated bibliography of Louise Erdrich's "The Red Convertible" is a guide containing topic suggestions for an essay on one or more of the stories in the collection. Topics include a character analysis, Native American cultural themes, and archetypes such as the Trickster in Erdrich's work.

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Images of "The Goddess of the Eclipses." This powerpoint contains images from Greek and Celtic my... more Images of "The Goddess of the Eclipses." This powerpoint contains images from Greek and Celtic mythology of the goddesses of the solar and lunar eclipses. The powerpoint accompanies the article "The Goddess of the Eclipses" in the "Paper" section on this website.

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The Greek myth of Zeus (Jupiter), Kronos (Saturn), and Rhea (Earth) reveals an important role of ... more The Greek myth of Zeus (Jupiter), Kronos (Saturn), and Rhea (Earth) reveals an important role of Rhea, The Earth Mother Goddess as the initiator and strength in the war of the foundation between the Titans and the Olympians where she makes it possible for Zeus and the Olympians to overthrow Kronos and the Titans. The importance of the role of the Earth Mother Goddess in the changing from one culture to another is emphasized as relevant and necessary, and the conjunction of the planets as seen from earth tells the story of the change.

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This chart compares the pantheon of the Paleolithic to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Pantheo... more This chart compares the pantheon of the Paleolithic to the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Age Pantheons in a broad perspective.

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The Festivals of the Celtic and Greek Lunar Calendars are charted for comparison and contrast. Th... more The Festivals of the Celtic and Greek Lunar Calendars are charted for comparison and contrast. The Festivals follow the lunar calendars of both cultures using the Coligny Calendar of the Druids of Gaul and the Greek Attic Calendar of Athens, respectively. Deities are noted by means of comparative mythology.

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The deities of the Neolithic are organized by the seasons of the year and by the celestial bodies

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Deities from the Indo-European Pantheon are added to the deities of the Neolithic Pantheon; the ... more Deities from the Indo-European Pantheon are added to the deities of the Neolithic Pantheon; the deities are identified with the celestial bodies and seasons of the year.

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The major deities according to their seasons; they are identified by their celestial bodies.

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This ancient calendar used by the Druids and the Greeks begins one moon early this year with an i... more This ancient calendar used by the Druids and the Greeks begins one moon early this year with an intercalary moonth at mid-year. The calendar is based on the Nineteen Year Cycle of the Moon which repeats itself so that the year 2003-2004 is also the 2022-2023. This calendar has been used since prehistoric times and is the basis of many ancient monuments such as Stonehenge. With amazing accuracy, it allows us to follow the cycles of the moon, the sun, and the stars.

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The translation of the Druid Calendar taken from the bronze tablet discovered in Coligny, France ... more The translation of the Druid Calendar taken from the bronze tablet discovered in Coligny, France in the area of the Sequani tribe is a lunar/ solar/stellar calendar of the ancient peoples retrieved for modern use. Based on the cycles of the moon, the sun, and the stars, the calendar repeats itself every nineteen years. Welcome to the world of our ancestors who told time by the night sky.

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This article outlines the basic astronomy and acts as a source guide for "Year One of the Lunar C... more This article outlines the basic astronomy and acts as a source guide for "Year One of the Lunar Calendar: December 22, 2020- December 11, 2021." Year One of the Lunar Calenar can be downloaded from this academia.edu site; the calendar is in the section entitled "The Coligny Calendar Translation." Take back your time and let the calendar be your guide through the night sky at the beginning of a new era.

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Year One begins the cycle of the Western Lunar Calendar which measures the cycles of the moon, th... more Year One begins the cycle of the Western Lunar Calendar which measures the cycles of the moon, the sun, the constellations, and the planets using the framework of twelve month cycles of the moon that repeat every five years. The calendar 's original form before it was translated and moved to the computer was a bronze table discovered in the territory of the Sequani tribe of the Celts in Coligny, France; it was believed to be the work of the Druids of the tribe. This calendar was used by the Druids of Stonehenge and the stone circles of the Celtic tribes, and it was used by the ancient Greeks of Attica. For a complete translation of the Lunar Calendar the book entitled "The Myth of the Year" is uploaded to academia.edu on this site. The book correlates the patterns of the sun, moon and constellations to the goddesses and gods of the mythology of the ancients.

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In the five year repeating cycle of the Coligny Calendar, the year 2008 may be used again from D... more In the five year repeating cycle of the Coligny Calendar, the year 2008 may be used again from December to December in 2027-2028. On the original bronze tablet of the calendar, this year has an intercalary month at the summer solstice or half way through the year. On the bronze tablet, there are two intercalary months in five years in order to balance lunar and solar time. The lunar calendar was discovered in Coligny, France in the territory of the Sequani Tribe of Celts. It is the lunar calendar of the Druids.

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This is a translation of the Coligny Calendar of the Celts. It was first translated for our age f... more This is a translation of the Coligny Calendar of the Celts. It was first translated for our age for December 17, 2007 to December 3, 2008. As the calendar repeats itself and is marked on the stone circles of Stonehenge and the stone circles of the Celts, it may be used in cycles of 5 years that repeat through time. It is parallels the Attic calendar of the ancient Greeks in that it is a lunar-solar calendar marking the primary stars of each month and the constellations associated with the myths of both cultures: Greek and Celtic. The cycles of Mercury and Venus are on the calendar.

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This is the first translation for our age of Year 6 of The Coligny Calendar from December 27, 200... more This is the first translation for our age of Year 6 of The Coligny Calendar from December 27, 2006 to December 16, 2007. It was used in the continuing cycle of the calendar for the year 2017 and now for the year 2025- 2026. This is your calendar for the next year. Each year will follow as the pattern will repeat in five year cycles using the solar-lunar-stellar and planetary cycles of the celestial bodies marked by the Druids on Stonehenge and the stone circles in the Celtic lands.

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This is the fifth year of the Coligny Calendar that was translated for December 7, 2005 to Decemb... more This is the fifth year of the Coligny Calendar that was translated for December 7, 2005 to December 26, 2006 and is now cycled to the year 2024-2025.

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This is the fourth year of the first cycle of the translation of the Coligny Calendar that was tr... more This is the fourth year of the first cycle of the translation of the Coligny Calendar that was translated for the year 2004-2005. It may now be used for the year 2023-2024.

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This is the translation of the Coligny Calendar of the Druids of Gaul discovered in Coligny, Fran... more This is the translation of the Coligny Calendar of the Druids of Gaul discovered in Coligny, France. The first translation of Year Thirteen of this western lunar calendar that measures the moon, the sun, and the stars was printed for our age in 2013-2014. Year Thirteen may now be used for the year 2032-2033.

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This review of Allan's book "Hermes" was published online by Cambridge University Press in "The C... more This review of Allan's book "Hermes" was published online by Cambridge University Press in "The Classical Review" Volume 69, Issue 1. 19 December 2018. The review and summary of Allan's work includes a comprehensive analysis of the traits of Hermes and his distinguishing characteristics in Greek mythology.

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