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Papers by DR MATHEW MARTIN POOTHULLIL

Sambhāṣaṇ. A Free Open Access Peer-Reviewed Bilingual Interdisciplinary International Journal, 2023

In the contemporary digital landscape, organizational identity is often encapsulated by dissemina... more In the contemporary digital landscape, organizational identity is often encapsulated by dissemination. This study delves into the critical assessment of the accessibility of these digital platforms, considering it as a litmus test for their global outreach and commitment India, and its 2022 amendment, remain conspicuously silent on the matter of accessibility human interaction is constrained, technological shortcomings have exacerbated isolation the mandatory nature of accessibility compliance, extending its applicability to both public and private sectors in India. encompasses both central and state government universities, shedding light on their

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015

In this modern world mass media is categorized into print and digital form. Former being the trad... more In this modern world mass media is categorized into print and digital form. Former being the traditional form of reaching the masses to inform and educate on various issues. The Indian print media is more than two centuries old. It's strengths have largely been shaped by its historical experience and, in particular, by its association with the freedom struggle, as well as movements for social emancipation, reform, and amelioration. Therefore, it is highly regarded in the Indian society. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) have always been looked down upon and are not considered as part of the society. PWDs were commonly feared, pitied, and neglected (Braddock & Parish,2001). Much of the literature on disability in India has pointed to the importance of the concept of 'karma' and 'reincarnation' in attitudes to disability, with disability perceived either as punishment for misdeeds in the past lives of the PWDs, or the wrongdoings of their parents. As Bacquer and Sharma(1997) considers the advent of the PWD Act 1995, as a landmark step in the history of rehabilitation services in India., have put it, " At a profoundly serious and spiritual level, disability represents divine justice ". This paper examines the usage of language by two different national dailies. Through a content analysis study, this paper also demonstrates the usage of language that depict various identities of PWDs in the society. The newspaper plays vital role in bringing about changes this attitude of the people in the society. A short comparative content analysis of two English newspapers of Mumbai edition was selected, to analyze the language used for reporting disability issues.

SAGE Open

Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital li... more Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital literacy and its development in a country depend on its use by the citizens of a country. In India, they have recently made strides in using digital technology due to fast development in the Internet technology. The recent "World Report on Disability" by World Health Organization (WHO) puts the disabled populations in the world at 15%. There are 26.81 million Indians who suffer from some form of disability. This research study critically probes the two determinants of the digital divide: (a) the accessibility of websites of banks and (b) the accessibility of financial and banking information on their websites. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) guidelines has been ratified by Government of India in 2007. The websites of 103 BFIs in India were used for the study. The research study work started on December 3, 2013; it being the World Day of the Disabled. The study aimed for evaluating the websites in terms of media tool for communication, information, services, accessibility, design, and interactive participatory features for persons with disabilities. The study showed that 26% of the websites under study and 5% International BFIs in India offered information in vernacular medium, while only seven websites of the BFIs in India passed markup validation test.

SAGE Open, 2013

India is a country of striking demographic diversity. The Internet has altered the global informa... more India is a country of striking demographic diversity. The Internet has altered the global information flow in the context of India. The ability to contact friends anytime, anyplace, and anywhere has links with interpersonal connectedness (Skierkowski & Wood, 2012; Walsh et al., 2009). Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, ooVoo, Skype, WhatsApp, and others, make it easy for people with hearing disability or hard of hearing population and persons with disabilities (PwDs) to communicate with the rest of the world. Most ‘social media’ technologies described as being part of ‘new media’ are digital, often having characteristics of being open to manipulation, networkable, dense, compressible, and interactive. The effect of Internet use on social relationships is still a matter of intense debate. While there is a burgeoning literature on the role of ICT for persons with disabilities and in the creation of new forms of social networks, dubbed ‘on-line communities’, much less attention has been paid to the complex set of relationships which are emerging between persons with disabilities, some offline communities and the Internet, and in particular to some of the new specialty that is emerging as a result of community-based ICT practices. This chapter is situated in this research area by focusing on the

COMMUNICATION TODAY, 2020

Abstract This paper is inspired by this ‘COVID-19 Infodemic’ that resulted from the COVID-19 pan... more Abstract

This paper is inspired by this ‘COVID-19 Infodemic’ that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic in the world. An attempt is made in this paper to demonstrate the communication patterns of COVID-19 related news and establish the sudden spurt in the communication in national newspaper dailies, and the significance given to the most affected vulnerable communities, especially the Persons with Disabilities (PwDs). While the research relied on uses and gratification theory of communication, the COVID-‘infodemic’ provided patterns in the type of reportages in the newspaper dailies selected for the study. The content analysis of newspaper reportages (n=665) in selected e-newspaper dailies (n=4) 1st Jan to 30th April 2020 to identify the patterns in the reportage. Analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference (‘p’=.031) in terms of the placement of the news in various pages of the newspaper dailies and a significant difference (‘p’=.057) in the reportages related to vulnerable community and non-vulnerable community. This demonstrates that there is a need for the development of communication of trust among the vulnerable community to adopt a two-pronged approach to tackle both information overload and misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

International Journal of Communication and Social Research, 2018

This study explores and demonstrates the patterns in the representation of social and religious i... more This study explores and demonstrates the patterns in the representation of social and religious issues
in social media, among a religious group of Syrian Catholic Diocese of Kalyan Mumbai (SCDKM)
parish church community in Mumbai. The members of this group are active on ‘WhatsApp’ a social
media platform and are constantly in touch with other fellow members for representation of their social
and religious needs. This research study also aims to demonstrate various patterns in the domain of
religious and social issue representation, related communication using a social media platform. We
propose that an increasing presence of social media has promoted certain patterns in the representation
of social and religious issues in social media. These techno-religious digital spaces (Kong 2001) reframe
notions of what it means to be users and depict how such conceptions are enacted in a contested arena,
in which competing technological solutions and cultural preoccupations interact in often highly innovative
ways. Hence survey study was undertaken to establish and demonstrate various patterns and
the usage of social media in representation of social and religious issues. The data was gathered using
the survey research tool developed for the purpose of the study. The same was analyzed using Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22). The ‘WhatsApp’ chat of members of the group (n=93) in the
group over a period of 3 years was also analyzed. The same is analyzed using ‘WhatsAnalyzer’ an online
analysis tool. The results of the analysis depicted that, there is a pattern in the preference in usage
of text (24%), visual Images (31%), audio-visual (41%) and audio (4%) formats of communication in the
social media group, when representing social and religious issues. The analysis also established that
there is no significant gender difference (‘p’-value=.681) in the social media usage, while representing
social and religious issues.
Keywords: WhatsApp, Communication Patterns, Religious Communication, Social Media,
Social Issues.

show the growth of development of a country. Digital literacy and its development in a country de... more show the growth of development of a country. Digital literacy and its development in a country depend on its use by the citizens of a country. In India, they have recently made strides in using digital technology due to fast development in the Internet technology. The recent "World Report on Disability" by World Health Organization (WHO) puts the disabled populations in the world at 15%. There are 26.81 million Indians who suffer from some form of disability. This research study critically probes the two determinants of the digital divide: (a) the accessibility of websites of banks and (b) the accessibility of financial and banking information on their websites. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) guidelines has been ratified by Government of India in 2007. The websites of 103 BFIs in India were used for the study. The research study work started on December 3, 2013; it being the World Day of the Disabled. The study aimed for evaluating the websites in terms of media tool for communication, information, services, accessibility, design, and interactive participatory features for persons with disabilities. The study showed that 26% of the websites under study and 5% International BFIs in India offered information in vernacular medium, while only seven websites of the BFIs in India passed markup validation test.

Digital Libraries in India are institutions offering information using set of electronic resource... more Digital Libraries in India are institutions offering information using set of electronic resources and associated technical capabilities of creating, storing, searching and dissemination of information. Accessibility of these websites will be the test of its global reach to users, especially for learning. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) guidelines, which has been ratified by Govt. of India, in 2007 of which Article 9.2 (g) & (h) lays down that, states should facilitate access for ‘Divyangs’ -Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) for education, for new information and communication technologies, especially the Internet. Hence the websites of government digital libraries (n=32) were studied with the aim of evaluating the digital library websites (DLW) in terms of information dissemination, accessibility, design and interactive participatory features for PWDs. The study showed 25% of the DLW offered information in vernacular medium, while only 25% mobile phone compatibility test. Even though 67.2% of them used videos, images and photographs in website, none of them provided alternative text or audio description for the blind and caption for the Deaf. Majority (68.8% %) of the DLW under study provided downloadable information and participatory features as solutions on their websites for dissemination of information.

Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital li... more Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital literacy and its development in a
country depend on its use by the citizens of a country. In India, they have recently made strides in using digital technology due to
fast development in the Internet technology. The recent “World Report on Disability” by World Health Organization (WHO) puts
the disabled populations in the world at 15%. There are 26.81 million Indians who suffer from some form of disability. This research
study critically probes the two determinants of the digital divide: (a) the accessibility of websites of banks and (b) the accessibility
of financial and banking information on their websites. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(UNCRPD) guidelines has been ratified by Government of India in 2007. The websites of 103 BFIs in India were used for the study.
The research study work started on December 3, 2013; it being the World Day of the Disabled. The study aimed for evaluating the
websites in terms of media tool for communication, information, services, accessibility, design, and interactive participatory features
for persons with disabilities. The study showed that 26% of the websites under study and 5% International BFIs in India offered
information in vernacular medium, while only seven websites of the BFIs in India passed markup validation test.

An adequately sized corpus is a prerequisite for any automatic sign language translation and reco... more An adequately sized corpus is a prerequisite for any automatic sign language translation and recognition systems. Indian Sign Language (ISL) used by Deaf community in India, does have linguistically meaningful constituents and structural properties. According to [Zeshan Ulrike (2006)], it is language with visual-spatial modality used by the Deaf for communication. For purpose of sign language corpus of the domain 'disaster messages', we created the Indian Sign Language corpus, based on the disaster messages provided by National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). The messages were converted into Indian Sign Language. It was later annotated using HamNoSys resulting in a rich bilingual text-based sentence corpus, using motion capture and video tracing.

Abstract Communication is one of the lifelines of human beings. “It is not only a system of inf... more Abstract

Communication is one of the lifelines of human beings. “It is not only a system of information, but also an integral part of education and development”- McBride Commission Report (1978). Indian print media has been experiencing wide spread diffusion of science communication and sustainable development activities. Print media plays a vital role in dissemination of science and sustainable development communication. According to United Nations sustainable development is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (United Nations General Assembly, 1987, p. 43). As India is technologically advancing and entering into digital information age, the need for diffusion of scientific and sustainable development information to the community is also fast growing fast. This research paper is an attempt to evaluate the science and sustainable development communication in a newspaper daily, through content analysis research method. Content analysis of newspaper reportage will provide us the perspective of the society and the community about the significance of the science and sustainable development related news. The study also aims to demonstrate various patterns and focus areas in science and sustainable development communication and its significance. In order to gather the data, a research tool was developed. The data was gathered using the research tool developed for the research study, from the newspaper daily selected for the study for a period of six months from 1st July to 31st December 2015. The data consisted of 152 reportages, which was analyzed and the findings revealed that there was significant difference between various types of science and sustainable development reportage in the newspaper daily. However analysis also demonstrated an established pattern in the science communication and sustainable development reportage in the newspaper selected for the study.

Keywords: Science, Communication, Sustainable Development, Content Analysis, Newspaper dailies.

A B S T R A C T In India there is no legislative framework in order to make compulsion of caption... more A B S T R A C T In India there is no legislative framework in order to make compulsion of captioning and ISL signing as a part of UD for television industry. Lot of research and movements is still going on for the accessibility of digital media for persons with disabilities. It can be noted that, advertising industry is one of the much more growing industry of India. Television advertisements continuously have the competition between any other advertisements. In India 2.21% of the population (26,810,557 persons) are persons with disabilities. Percentage of disabled persons in India has increased both in rural and urban areas during the last decade (WHO, 2007). India accepted the UNCRPD regulations, in that UD focuses on eliminating barriers through initial designs that consider the needs of diverse people whether they are person with disability or person without disability (David Rose, 2006). This study investigated the effects of advertisement in accessible format, through the use of captioning and Indian sign language (ISL), on hard of hearing and deaf people. " Deaf (capital letter 'D' used for culturally Deaf) and hearing " viewers watched short Public Service Advertisement (PSA) based on Right to Education with and without accessibility formats in a randomized order. Their opinions were recorded on a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study. Total seventy (70) persons participated in this study out of which 35 were persons with disabilities and 35 were persons without disabilities. Analysis of the data showed that there was difference in the effects of accessible and non accessible formats of advertisement on the hard of hearing PSA viewers. The study showed that accessible formats increased the understandability of the message of the PSA and use of ISL helped persons with disabilities to understand concept of PSA at better extend as compare to non accessible format of PSA. While captioning increased the perception of the hearing persons to correlate with listening and understanding the concept of the PSA which is based on Right to Education act-2009, the Hearing impaired correlated watching the ISL interpreter with understanding the concept of PSA. Placement of the ISL interpreter in the screen and color of the fonts used for captioning were also covered under the study. However, the placement of the ISL interpreter and color of fonts in the screen and their correlation with comprehension of the advertisement by hearing impaired person and person without disability did not show much of significance in the result

Websites are today the face of an organization in the virtual world, with a global reach, while U... more Websites are today the face of an organization in the virtual
world, with a global reach, while Universities are organizations (in India)
offering higher education. They use their websites for education and the
dissemination of information. Accessibility of these websites will be the test
of their global reach to their students. The Information and Technology (IT)
Act 2000 of India, is silent on the subject of website accessibility for persons
with disabilities. However, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) guidelines, which have been ratified
by the Govt. of India, in 2007 of which Article 9.2 (g) & (h) lay down that,
states should facilitate access for persons with disabilities for education, for
new information and communication technologies, especially the Internet.
One of the aims of the National Assessment and Accreditation Council
(NAAC) is to assess and accredit institutions of higher education in the
country and lay special emphasis on upholding the quality of higher
education in India. The websites of 137 Central and State Universities with
NAAC accreditation were used for the present study. The study was
undertaken on 3rd December 2011 to analyse the quality of the websites
designed by these Universities (in India), both of the central as well as the
state government. The study aimed at evaluating the websites in terms of
media tools for information, education, dissemination, accessibility, design
and interactive participatory features for students with disabilities. The study
indicated that 24.8 per cent websites under study and 57.1 per cent Central
Universities’ websites offered information in the regional language. None of
the Central University websites passed the Markup validation test, except
three State Universities. Only 25.5 per cent of the websites of NAAC
accredited Central and State Universities in India passed the cascading
style sheet (CSS) validation and 8.8 per cent mobile phone validation test.
Even though 67.2 per cent of them used videos, images and photographs
in websites, none of them provided alternative text or audio description. The
majority of the websites under study provided downloadable information
and participatory features, but very few of them offered accessibility features.

Language in India www.languageinindia.com 2:11 November 2008 Content Analysis of "Disability Comm... more Language in India www.languageinindia.com 2:11 November 2008 Content Analysis of "Disability Communication" in DNA Daily Newspaper P. J. Mathew Martin 308 As per NSSO: Language in India www.languageinindia.com 2:11 November 2008 Content Analysis of "Disability Communication" in DNA Daily Newspaper P. J. Mathew Martin

Universal Design in Media as a strategy to achieve accessibility in digital television started in... more Universal Design in Media as a strategy to achieve accessibility in digital television started in Spain in 1997 with the digitalization of satellite platforms . In India, a conscious effort toward a strategy for accessible media format in digital television is yet to be made. Advertising in India is a billion dollar industry (Adam Smith, 2008) and digital television provides a majority of the space for it. This study investigated the effects of advertisement in accessible format, through the use of captioning and Indian sign language (ISL), on hearing and deaf people. "Deaf (capital letter 'D' used for culturally Deaf) and hearing" viewers watched two short recent advertisements with and without accessibility formats in a randomized order. Their reactions were recorded on a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study. Eighty-four persons participated in this study of which 42 were deaf persons. Analysis of the data showed that there was difference in the effects of accessible and nonaccessible formats of advertisement on the "Deaf and Hearing" viewers. The study showed that accessible formats increased the comprehension of the message of the advertisement and use of ISL helped deaf persons to understand concepts better. While captioning increased the perception of the hearing persons to correlate with listening and understanding the concept of the advertisement, the deaf persons correlated watching the ISL interpreter with understanding the concept of the advertisement. Placement of the ISL interpreter in the screen and color of the fonts used for captioning were also covered under the study. However, the placement of the ISL interpreter and color of fonts in the screen and their correlation with comprehension of the advertisement by hearing and deaf persons did not show much of significance in the result of the study.

Conference Presentations by DR MATHEW MARTIN POOTHULLIL

Sambhāṣaṇ. A Free Open Access Peer-Reviewed Bilingual Interdisciplinary International Journal, 2023

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2015

SAGE Open

SAGE Open, 2013

COMMUNICATION TODAY, 2020

Abstract This paper is inspired by this ‘COVID-19 Infodemic’ that resulted from the COVID-19 pan... more Abstract

International Journal of Communication and Social Research, 2018

Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital li... more Banking and Financial Institutions (BFIs) show the growth of development of a country. Digital literacy and its development in a
country depend on its use by the citizens of a country. In India, they have recently made strides in using digital technology due to
fast development in the Internet technology. The recent “World Report on Disability” by World Health Organization (WHO) puts
the disabled populations in the world at 15%. There are 26.81 million Indians who suffer from some form of disability. This research
study critically probes the two determinants of the digital divide: (a) the accessibility of websites of banks and (b) the accessibility
of financial and banking information on their websites. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(UNCRPD) guidelines has been ratified by Government of India in 2007. The websites of 103 BFIs in India were used for the study.
The research study work started on December 3, 2013; it being the World Day of the Disabled. The study aimed for evaluating the
websites in terms of media tool for communication, information, services, accessibility, design, and interactive participatory features
for persons with disabilities. The study showed that 26% of the websites under study and 5% International BFIs in India offered
information in vernacular medium, while only seven websites of the BFIs in India passed markup validation test.

Abstract Communication is one of the lifelines of human beings. “It is not only a system of inf... more Abstract

Keywords: Science, Communication, Sustainable Development, Content Analysis, Newspaper dailies.

The concept of ‘Glocalization’ probably arose because multinational companies selling products ar... more The concept of ‘Glocalization’ probably arose because multinational companies selling products around the world found that, the single advertising campaign for all markets did not work very effectively in certain cultures. Cultural studies argue that media plays a vital role in the meanings a community or society generates. Meanings are never fixed but often contested, compared and controlled by power of language and culture. Among all the major perspectives through which the world is construed, advertising media culture is the most influential. But it is the least examined object in this ambit. The ‘glocalization’ of language is produced through advertisements and consumed by society every day all over the world. These linguistic images, sounds and linguistic landscape produce the fabric of everyday life in terms of linguistic determinism and relativity. These Images are cultural texts mostly taken to have an influence on society. This research paper examines the language of advertisements of Fast Moving Consumer Goods and Services (FMCGS) in the Newspaper dailies in Mumbai which has global (n=27) and national (n=42) status. This paper tries to demonstrate how meaning is generated through everyday advertisements of FMCGS (n=69) and how ‘glocalized language’ plays major role in the field of advertising. This paper describes the ethnography of FMCGS advertisements through which the researcher tries to identify the heterogeneity of national identity in a metropolitan city like Mumbai and depict how ‘glocalization of language’ thus involves the construction of increasingly differentiated consumers and the invention of consumer traditions and culture beyond borders.

Financial Institutions (FIs) guide the growth of development of a country. Digital Media liter... more Financial Institutions (FIs) guide the growth of development of a country. Digital Media literacy and its development in a country depend on its use by its citizens. In India recent strides have been made in using digital media technology. India is a nation of 1.2 billion people (Census 2011). Internet penetration has grown from just over 6 per cent of the world’s population in 2000 to 43 per cent in 2015. As a result,3.2 billion people are linked to a global network of content and applications(Millennium Development Report 2015). Digital Communication usage among Financial Institutions in India (FII) is yet to meet the demands of inclusive human development. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) guidelines has been ratified by Govt. of India, in 2007. The article 4.2., of UNCRPD guidelines states that for economic, social and cultural rights, the countries will put into practice the laws and rules that relate to these rights as much as they can with resources they have. There are 26.81 million Indians(census of India 2011) who suffer from some form of disability. Using a new cross-country data set, this paper examines two proximate determinants of the digital divide: i.e., the accessibility of websites of financial institutions and the accessibility of financial information. The websites of 103 FIIs were used for the study. The study was undertaken on 3rd December 2014 being world day of the disabled and aimed at evaluating the websites of FIIs in terms of media tool for communication,information, services, dissemination, accessibility, and interactive participatory features for persons with disabilities. The study showed 26% of the websites understudy and 5% FII offered information in vernacular medium. While only 17% of FII passed the mobile phone compatibility validation test. Majority of the websites understudy provided downloadable information, service and participatory features, but only 15.5% of them offered all the accessibility features on their websites as per guidelines of worldwide web consortium (W3C)

India is a country of striking demographic diversity. The Internet has altered the global informa... more India is a country of striking demographic diversity. The Internet
has altered the global information flow in the context of India.
The ability to contact friends anytime, anyplace, and anywhere has
links with interpersonal connectedness (Skierkowski & Wood, 2012;
Walsh et al., 2009). Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn,
ooVoo, Skype, WhatsApp, and others, make it easy for people with
hearing disability or hard of hearing population and persons with disabilities
(PwDs) to communicate with the rest of the world. Most ‘social
media’ technologies described as being part of ‘new media’ are digital,
often having characteristics of being open to manipulation, networkable,
dense, compressible, and interactive. The effect of Internet use
on social relationships is still a matter of intense debate. While there is
a burgeoning literature on the role of ICT for persons with disabilities
and in the creation of new forms of social networks, dubbed ‘on-line
communities’, much less attention has been paid to the complex set of
relationships which are emerging between persons with disabilities, some
offline communities and the Internet, and in particular to some of the new
specialty that is emerging as a result of community-based ICT practices.
This chapter is situated in this research area by focusing on the