Tariku Derese | Dire Dawa University (original) (raw)

Papers by Tariku Derese

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 2010

User interfaces for modern applications must support a rich set of interactive features. It is co... more User interfaces for modern applications must support a rich set of interactive features. It is commonplace to find applications with dependencies between values manipulated by user interface elements, conditionally enabled controls, and script record-ability and playback against different documents. A significant fraction of the application programming effort is devoted to implementing such functionality, and the resulting code is typically not reusable. This paper extends our "property models" approach to programming user interfaces. Property models allow a large part of the functionality of a user interface to be implemented in reusable libraries, reducing application specific code to a set of declarative rules. We describe how, as a by-product of computations that maintain the values of user interface elements, property models obtain accurate information of the currently active dependencies among those elements. This information enables further expanding the class of user interface functionality that we can encode as generic algorithms. In particular, we describe automating the decisions for the enablement of user interface widgets and activation of command widgets. Failing to disable or deactivate widgets correctly is a common source of user-interface defects, which our approach largely removes. We report on the increased reuse, reduced defect rates, and improved user interface design turnarounds in a commercial software development effort as a result of adopting our approach.

Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012

This report describes some properties of a class of multi-way dataflow constraint systems with hi... more This report describes some properties of a class of multi-way dataflow constraint systems with hierarchies. This class arises in realizing property models, an approach that enables a high level of reuse in programming user interfaces. We prove that a constraint system in this class has a unique solution if one exists; define a class of changes in a constraint hierarchy

Science of Computer Programming, 2010

A style of programming that uses higher-order functions has become common in C++, following the i... more A style of programming that uses higher-order functions has become common in C++, following the introduction of the Standard Template Library (STL) into the standard library. In addition to their utility as arguments to STL algorithms, function parameters are useful as callbacks on GUI events, defining tasks to be executed in a thread, and so forth. C++'s mechanisms for defining functions or function objects are, however, rather verbose, and they often force the function's definition to be placed far from its use. As a result, C++ frustrates programmers in taking full advantage of its own standard libraries. The effective use of modern C++ libraries calls for a concise mechanism for defining small one-off functions in the language, a need that can be fulfilled with lambda expressions. This paper describes a design and implementation of language support for lambda expressions in C++. C++'s compilation model, where activation records are maintained in a stack, and the lack of automatic object lifetime management make safe lambda functions and closures challenging: if a closure outlives its scope of definition, references stored in a closure dangle. Our design is careful to balance between conciseness of syntax and explicit annotations to guarantee safety. The presented design is included in the draft specification of the forthcoming major revision of the ISO C++ standard, dubbed C++0x. In rewriting typical C++ programs to take advantage of lambda functions, we observed clear benefits, such as reduced code size and improved clarity.

PLOS ONE, 2022

Background Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk ... more Background Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and is even higher among patients with psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive substance use, and unhealthy diets common among patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the negative metabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being a high burden among patients with psychiatric illness, little attention is given to them during routine reviews in psychiatric clinics in most African nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of and associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among patients with psychiatric illnesses. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between severely ill psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric patients in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. The...

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2016

Background: Developing countries are now experiencing the epidemiologic transition, whereby the b... more Background: Developing countries are now experiencing the epidemiologic transition, whereby the burden of chronic diseases, like metabolic syndrome, is increasing. However, no study had previously been conducted to show the status of metabolic syndrome among outpatients of Jimma University Teaching Hospital. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among adult ($20 years) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in July 2014 among adult ($20 years) patients attending Jimma University Teaching Hospital, outpatient department. All patients attending the outpatient department and were willing to participate in the study were included. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were undertaken for all the study subjects to know the status of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was identified using the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: A total of 225 participants were included in the study, of whom 106 (47.1%) were males and 119 (52.9%) were females. A total of 59 (26%) adults were found to have metabolic syndrome, which was seen more than twice as much in females, 42 (35%), as compared with males, 17 (16%), (P,0.01). The most frequent metabolic syndrome parameters were hypertension (45%), hyperglycemia (39%), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (31%), central obesity (26%), and elevated triglycerides (18%). Elevated blood pressure is more common in females (44.5%) than in males (34.9%). Decreased HDL-cholesterol was observed among 37% of females versus 24% males (P,0.001) and 6% of males versus 45% females had central obesity (P,0.001). Hypertension and body mass index were significantly lower among males (35% and 14%) than females (45% and 41%) (P,0.01 and P,0.001), respectively. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that metabolic syndrome is prevalent in adult outpatients in Jimma and increases as age increases; it is more common among females than males. Among the five diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol were the most prevalent. As metabolic syndrome is rising at an alarming rate, we recommend that relevant prevention, diagnostics, and therapy in adult outpatients are undertaken.

Background: Poor immediate new-born care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by pr... more Background: Poor immediate new-born care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by predisposing the new-borns to sepsis and hypothermia. In developing countries nearly 3 million new-borns babies die every year mostly where many births happen at home. Therefore, assessment of essential new-born care practice among home delivered mothers is important for the improvement of new born health and reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to the best knowledge of researcher, there was no previous study on this title at this study area. Objective: Assess essential new-born care practices and associated factors among mothers delivered at home during the six months preceding the study in Abaya district of West Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia from August 1-August 30, 2019. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Stratified-multi stage sampling technique was used to select 632 study subjects. Structured pretested questionnaire was used for data c...

Background: The nutritional status of lactating women is very important since it also affects the... more Background: The nutritional status of lactating women is very important since it also affects the health of their children. However, there was limited information on maternal nutrition status in low-income countries like Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 lactating women in Dire Dawa town health facilities from February 10/02/2019 – March 30/ 03/2019. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with undernutrition.Result: Prevalence of undernutrition was 22 %. Women who age 15-25 years were four times more likely undernourished than older [AOR=4.04(CI: (1.74, 9.40)]. Unable to read and write Women were almost five times more likely to be undernourished than formal education [AOR=4.76 CI: (2.31, 9.81)]. Women who have family size >7 were six times more likely to be undernourished than family size < 3 [AOR=5.53 CI :...

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder which coined to describe the recognized clustering o... more Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder which coined to describe the recognized clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormalities of glucose homeostasis. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. This study was conducted at Jimma University Specialized hospital psychiatric ward from May 15 to July 16, 2015. A cross-sectional study design and consecutive sampling technique were used. A single population proportion formula was used to include a total of 360 psychiatric patients. An interview administered structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and some clinical data. Anthropometric data were collected based on standard guild line for anthropometric measurement. Five milliliter of venous blood was collected from ante-cubital fossa after overnight fasting for 8 h. Semi-automated clinical chemi...

Background Neonate is any infants from the birth to 28 days. Most of the neonatal deaths occur in... more Background Neonate is any infants from the birth to 28 days. Most of the neonatal deaths occur in developing countries particularly in sub-Saharan African and south central Asian countries. The ability to predict Length of stay would be valuable to parents and families, clinicians and service providers. Timely Management and treatment of birth complication are important factors in reducing new born mortality. Objective The median Survival Recovery time and associated factors among admitted neonate in intensive care units of Dire Dawa Governmental Hospitals, East Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Facility based retrospective cohort study design was employed to assess recovery time and associated factors of neonate among a total of 499 selected 0–28 days of neonates from two public Hospitals and validated Checklist were used to assess data. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS window version 21.0. Descriptive data were presented by table and graph. To determine the ...

urnal of Clinical Medical Research, 2021

Background: Poor immediate newborn care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by pre... more Background: Poor immediate newborn care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by predisposing the new-borns to sepsis and hypothermia. In developing countries nearly 3 million new-borns babies die every year mostly where many births happen at home. Therefore, assessment of essential newborn care practice among home delivered mothers is important for the improvement of new born health and reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to the best knowledge of researcher, there was no previous study on this title at this study area.

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 2010

User interfaces for modern applications must support a rich set of interactive features. It is co... more User interfaces for modern applications must support a rich set of interactive features. It is commonplace to find applications with dependencies between values manipulated by user interface elements, conditionally enabled controls, and script record-ability and playback against different documents. A significant fraction of the application programming effort is devoted to implementing such functionality, and the resulting code is typically not reusable. This paper extends our "property models" approach to programming user interfaces. Property models allow a large part of the functionality of a user interface to be implemented in reusable libraries, reducing application specific code to a set of declarative rules. We describe how, as a by-product of computations that maintain the values of user interface elements, property models obtain accurate information of the currently active dependencies among those elements. This information enables further expanding the class of user interface functionality that we can encode as generic algorithms. In particular, we describe automating the decisions for the enablement of user interface widgets and activation of command widgets. Failing to disable or deactivate widgets correctly is a common source of user-interface defects, which our approach largely removes. We report on the increased reuse, reduced defect rates, and improved user interface design turnarounds in a commercial software development effort as a result of adopting our approach.

Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012

This report describes some properties of a class of multi-way dataflow constraint systems with hi... more This report describes some properties of a class of multi-way dataflow constraint systems with hierarchies. This class arises in realizing property models, an approach that enables a high level of reuse in programming user interfaces. We prove that a constraint system in this class has a unique solution if one exists; define a class of changes in a constraint hierarchy

Science of Computer Programming, 2010

A style of programming that uses higher-order functions has become common in C++, following the i... more A style of programming that uses higher-order functions has become common in C++, following the introduction of the Standard Template Library (STL) into the standard library. In addition to their utility as arguments to STL algorithms, function parameters are useful as callbacks on GUI events, defining tasks to be executed in a thread, and so forth. C++'s mechanisms for defining functions or function objects are, however, rather verbose, and they often force the function's definition to be placed far from its use. As a result, C++ frustrates programmers in taking full advantage of its own standard libraries. The effective use of modern C++ libraries calls for a concise mechanism for defining small one-off functions in the language, a need that can be fulfilled with lambda expressions. This paper describes a design and implementation of language support for lambda expressions in C++. C++'s compilation model, where activation records are maintained in a stack, and the lack of automatic object lifetime management make safe lambda functions and closures challenging: if a closure outlives its scope of definition, references stored in a closure dangle. Our design is careful to balance between conciseness of syntax and explicit annotations to guarantee safety. The presented design is included in the draft specification of the forthcoming major revision of the ISO C++ standard, dubbed C++0x. In rewriting typical C++ programs to take advantage of lambda functions, we observed clear benefits, such as reduced code size and improved clarity.

PLOS ONE, 2022

Background Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk ... more Background Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and is even higher among patients with psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive substance use, and unhealthy diets common among patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the negative metabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being a high burden among patients with psychiatric illness, little attention is given to them during routine reviews in psychiatric clinics in most African nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of and associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among patients with psychiatric illnesses. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between severely ill psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric patients in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. The...

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2016

Background: Developing countries are now experiencing the epidemiologic transition, whereby the b... more Background: Developing countries are now experiencing the epidemiologic transition, whereby the burden of chronic diseases, like metabolic syndrome, is increasing. However, no study had previously been conducted to show the status of metabolic syndrome among outpatients of Jimma University Teaching Hospital. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among adult ($20 years) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in July 2014 among adult ($20 years) patients attending Jimma University Teaching Hospital, outpatient department. All patients attending the outpatient department and were willing to participate in the study were included. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were undertaken for all the study subjects to know the status of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was identified using the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: A total of 225 participants were included in the study, of whom 106 (47.1%) were males and 119 (52.9%) were females. A total of 59 (26%) adults were found to have metabolic syndrome, which was seen more than twice as much in females, 42 (35%), as compared with males, 17 (16%), (P,0.01). The most frequent metabolic syndrome parameters were hypertension (45%), hyperglycemia (39%), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (31%), central obesity (26%), and elevated triglycerides (18%). Elevated blood pressure is more common in females (44.5%) than in males (34.9%). Decreased HDL-cholesterol was observed among 37% of females versus 24% males (P,0.001) and 6% of males versus 45% females had central obesity (P,0.001). Hypertension and body mass index were significantly lower among males (35% and 14%) than females (45% and 41%) (P,0.01 and P,0.001), respectively. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that metabolic syndrome is prevalent in adult outpatients in Jimma and increases as age increases; it is more common among females than males. Among the five diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol were the most prevalent. As metabolic syndrome is rising at an alarming rate, we recommend that relevant prevention, diagnostics, and therapy in adult outpatients are undertaken.

Background: Poor immediate new-born care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by pr... more Background: Poor immediate new-born care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by predisposing the new-borns to sepsis and hypothermia. In developing countries nearly 3 million new-borns babies die every year mostly where many births happen at home. Therefore, assessment of essential new-born care practice among home delivered mothers is important for the improvement of new born health and reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to the best knowledge of researcher, there was no previous study on this title at this study area. Objective: Assess essential new-born care practices and associated factors among mothers delivered at home during the six months preceding the study in Abaya district of West Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia from August 1-August 30, 2019. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Stratified-multi stage sampling technique was used to select 632 study subjects. Structured pretested questionnaire was used for data c...

Background: The nutritional status of lactating women is very important since it also affects the... more Background: The nutritional status of lactating women is very important since it also affects the health of their children. However, there was limited information on maternal nutrition status in low-income countries like Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 lactating women in Dire Dawa town health facilities from February 10/02/2019 – March 30/ 03/2019. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with undernutrition.Result: Prevalence of undernutrition was 22 %. Women who age 15-25 years were four times more likely undernourished than older [AOR=4.04(CI: (1.74, 9.40)]. Unable to read and write Women were almost five times more likely to be undernourished than formal education [AOR=4.76 CI: (2.31, 9.81)]. Women who have family size >7 were six times more likely to be undernourished than family size < 3 [AOR=5.53 CI :...

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews

Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder which coined to describe the recognized clustering o... more Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder which coined to describe the recognized clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormalities of glucose homeostasis. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. This study was conducted at Jimma University Specialized hospital psychiatric ward from May 15 to July 16, 2015. A cross-sectional study design and consecutive sampling technique were used. A single population proportion formula was used to include a total of 360 psychiatric patients. An interview administered structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and some clinical data. Anthropometric data were collected based on standard guild line for anthropometric measurement. Five milliliter of venous blood was collected from ante-cubital fossa after overnight fasting for 8 h. Semi-automated clinical chemi...

Background Neonate is any infants from the birth to 28 days. Most of the neonatal deaths occur in... more Background Neonate is any infants from the birth to 28 days. Most of the neonatal deaths occur in developing countries particularly in sub-Saharan African and south central Asian countries. The ability to predict Length of stay would be valuable to parents and families, clinicians and service providers. Timely Management and treatment of birth complication are important factors in reducing new born mortality. Objective The median Survival Recovery time and associated factors among admitted neonate in intensive care units of Dire Dawa Governmental Hospitals, East Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Facility based retrospective cohort study design was employed to assess recovery time and associated factors of neonate among a total of 499 selected 0–28 days of neonates from two public Hospitals and validated Checklist were used to assess data. Data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS window version 21.0. Descriptive data were presented by table and graph. To determine the ...

urnal of Clinical Medical Research, 2021

Background: Poor immediate newborn care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by pre... more Background: Poor immediate newborn care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by predisposing the new-borns to sepsis and hypothermia. In developing countries nearly 3 million new-borns babies die every year mostly where many births happen at home. Therefore, assessment of essential newborn care practice among home delivered mothers is important for the improvement of new born health and reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to the best knowledge of researcher, there was no previous study on this title at this study area.