Dr. Natalino F . D . S . Guterres, ST., M. T. | Dili Institute of Technology (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Natalino F . D . S . Guterres, ST., M. T.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of compression molding temperature on the characterization of asbestos-free composite friction materials for railway applications

AIMS Materials Science, 2023

Brake pads significantly affect the braking performance of railways under both normal and emergen... more Brake pads significantly affect the braking performance of railways under both normal and emergency operating conditions. In previous studies, brake pads were made using the hand lay-up method and produced the best properties on specimens with epoxy, rice husk, and and and and and Al2O3 and Fe2O3 compositions of 50%, 20%, 15% and 15%. However, the resulting density does not meet the density standard set by PT Industri Kereta Api Indonesia (PT INKA), which is 1.7–2.4 g/cm 3. To date, there has been limited research into the utilization of the compression hot molding method for the production of asbestos-free composite friction materials composed of epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 for railway applications. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of compression molding temperature on the characterization of composite brake pads for railway applications. The brake pad specimens were made of epoxy resin, rice husk, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with a composition of 50%, 20%, 15% and 15%, respectively. The manufacture of composites in this study used the compression molding method with a pressure of 20 MPa for 15 min holding time. The mold temperature used were 80, 100, 120 °C. Density, hardness, tensile, wear, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the specimens obtained. The results demonstrated that an increase in molding temperature improved the characterization of the brake pads, with the best results achieved at a molding temperature
of 120 °C (SP-3 specimen). SP-3 specimens had the best density, hardness, tensile properties and thermal properties compared to other specimens.

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chilled casting ductile iron to the shrinkage porosity on the surface of the Y Shaped specimen

resmilitaris, 2022

One of the surface hardening processes is chill casting. Chill casting is used for surface harden... more One of the surface hardening processes is chill casting. Chill casting is used for surface hardening of nodular cast iron materials. The problem that often occurs in the chill casting method is porosity which is influenced by the fast cooling rate between the casting object and the mold wall. This study aims to analyze the microstructure, hardness, and porosity that will form on the surface of the Y-shaped specimen after chilled casting. The material used for casting the Y-Shape specimen is nodular cast iron and the chill material is stainless steel plate. The chill is varied with a thickness of 0.2mm and 0.4mm and will be coated on the surface of the sand mold wall then the chill is preheated at a temperature of 700 o C and 900 o C, then pouring is done at a temperature of 1400 o C. The average hardness value on the surface of the specimen is 500HV-900HV, but in the middle area the hardness only reaches 200HV while the microstructure results in the surface layer are cementite and ledeburite phases, but in the middle area ferrite, and perlite are seen surrounding the nodule graphite structure. In the chill-coated area, although the hardness is high, there are micro-porosities and macro-porosities formed randomly.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

Journal of Renewable Energy, 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coco... more Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export opportunity. However, the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. The process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing, mixing, blending, pressing, and drying. In the mixing process, 3 types of adhesives were used, namely tapioca flour (Briquette_1), cassava flour (Briquette_2), and modified cassava flour (Briquette_3) with a concentration of 5% of the weight of coconut shell charcoal powders. The quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, density, compressive, and drop test testing. The results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes produced. Specimen Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes (Briquette_4) and other briquette specimens. The test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens, at 6.95 N/mm 2 and 4.44%, respectively. The moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-6235-2000. Meanwhile, the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States America (USA).

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Research paper thumbnail of Analisa Cacat yang Terjadi pada Proses Pembuatan Roda Gigi Lurus Melalui Proses Pengecoran Besi Cor Nodular yang Menggunakan Chill

ROTASI, Vol. 24 No. 4 , 2022

Gear surface hardening by using chill in the casting method is very unique in the gear manufactur... more Gear surface hardening by using chill in the casting method is very unique in the gear manufacturing process because it shortens the stages of gear manufacturing. The problem that needs attention is the occurrence of defects in the tooth profile after the gears are cast. Porosity defects and shrinkage or expansion defects often occur in the final solidification
step in nodular cast iron materials. The use of chill is a fast cooling rate on the surface between the cast and molded material. However, it is easy for air bubbles to occur in the process of forming spheroidal graphite at the end of the solidification step. The purpose of this study was to analyze shrinkage or expansion defects and porosity defects that occur on the tooth profile surface. Casting uses an electric furnace at a temperature of 1400oC and an open mold using silica sand. Before the pouring step, the chill will be heated at a temperature of 700oC. Dimensional change defects are detected by measuring the dimensions of the tooth profile. While the porosity defects were tested by radiography to determine the cavities in the chilled area, then the percentage value of porosity used the pycnometric method and the Archimedes principle. Shrinkage defects in the tooth thickness area are on average 0.2mm (0.04%), while porosity defects in chilled areas are cavities in the surface area of the tooth profile having the highest porosity value reaching 0.108wt.% because it is influenced by Cooling speed too high.

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chills thickness to microstructure and surface hardness layer on specimen ductile cast iron

THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICOMMET) 2020, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chill used in the ductile iron casting process to gear manufacture application on the wear resistance

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE CONGRESS & EXHIBITION

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear manufacture process by using chilled ductile iron casting

Ductile Iron has been used many times for the manufacture of components by casting, one of them i... more Ductile Iron has been used many times for the manufacture of components by casting, one of them is gears. The gear manufacturing method is one of the determinations of gear performance in service life. Wear and contact fatigue are important cases to consider during gear operation and the cause is surface hardness and dimensional accuracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface behavior and gear profile dimension accurately. Gear chilled casting using an open mold made of silica sand. The chill will be coated to the surface of the mold wall then pouring at a temperature of 1400oC. Chill creates a good cooling rate on the surface to form FeC3 and M7C3 and (FeCrC)7C3, then produce a hardness of 700-994.96HV. Using chill thickness is 0.4mm, the dimensional accuracy of tooth thickness, pitch circular, and addendum circle diameter is very precise after the finishing process.

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Research paper thumbnail of Penentuan Jenis Baja Scrap sebagai Bahan Baku Proses Pengecoran Logam di IKM dengan Metode Spark Testing

Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, 2021

Pengecoran logam di Indonesia sangat diperlukan di industri manufaktur, salah satu faktor yang se... more Pengecoran logam di Indonesia sangat diperlukan di industri manufaktur, salah satu faktor yang sering terjadi adalah proses pemilihan material awal pada pengecoran, terutama mengetahuai unsur yang terkandung didalam baja scrap. Salah satu metode untuk mengetahui kandungan karbon pada baja scrap adalah metode spark testing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakterisasi spark pada proses gerinda melalui identifikasi jenis baja scrap berdasarkan panjang spark, sudut spark dan sudut kontak spark. Dimensi dari sampel meliputi 100x50x10 mm, sudut pemakanan adalah 75ᵒ dengan grit size batu gerinda yaitu 36, 60 dan 80. Penekanan menggunakan gaya gravitasi dari spesimen itu sendiri selama 30 detik. Perbedaan volume stream dan bentuk karakterisasi spark dipengaruhi oleh kandungan komposisi kimia baja dan grit batu gerinda. Dengan menggunakan metode ini dapat mempermudah identifikasi awal baja scrap sebelum dilakukan pengecoran logam, sehingga hasil yang didapat adalah material den...

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Research paper thumbnail of designs-07-00056.pdf

MDPI, 2023

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chill Plate Thickness on Surface Hardening and Dimensional Accuracy of Nodular Cast Iron Gears Manufactured by the Chill Casting Method

Designs, Apr 11, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chill Plate Thickness on Surface Hardening and Dimensional Accuracy of Nodular Cast Iron Gears Manufactured by the Chill Casting Method

MDPI, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

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Research paper thumbnail of Influence wt.% of SiC and borax on the mechanical properties of AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC composite by the method of semi solid stir casting

SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) with solid semi stir casting method is bec... more SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) with solid semi stir casting method is becoming popular in recent application (automotive, aerospace). Stirring the semi solid condition is proven to enhance the bond between matrix and reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the SiC wt.% and the addition of borax on mechanical properties of composite AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC and AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC/Borax. Specimens was tested focusing on the density, porosity, tensile test, impact test microstructure and SEM. AlSi is used as a matrix reinforced by SiC with percentage variations (10, 15, 20 wt.%). Giving wt.% Borax which is the ratio of 1: 4 between wt.% SiC. The addition of 1.5% of TiB gives grain refinement. The use of semi-solid stir casting method is able to increase the absorption of SiC particles into a matrix AlSi evenly. The improved composite presented here can be used as a guideline to make a new composite.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of wt.% SiCp and TiB on the mechanical properties in SiCp/AZ81A magnesium matrix composite by the method semi solid stir casting

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Temperature in Induction Surface Hardening on the Distortion of Gear

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear distortion analysis due to heat treatment process

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Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Temperature in Induction Surface Hardening on the Distortion of Gear

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

One way to extend the lifetime of gear is to minimize distortion during the manufacturing process... more One way to extend the lifetime of gear is to minimize distortion during the manufacturing process. One of the most important processes in gear manufacturing is induction surface hardening. Induction hardening causes a geometric distortion in gears. This study aimed to analyze the distortion of the gear after induction surface hardening. The material of gear used in this research is S45C, and it was designed with a module (m) of 1.75, and 29 teeth (z). In the experiment, the gear was heat-treated using induction hardening at variations of temperatures of 820°C, 880°C, and 920°C with holding times was 35, 45, and 55 s, respectively. Then the gear was quenched in water at room temperature. The microstructure analysis was conducted to explore the phase change in gear teeth. A hardness test was also performed on the gear using the Rockwell test, and finally, the gear dimension was evaluated. The results showed that the hardness of the gear at the teeth surface was 64.9HRC at the case depth of 5 mm is proper to be used. The microstructure of gear at the surface is martensitic, and the deeper area is pearlite. Gear distortion of all teeth with average thickness was reduced and the highest value was 1.593% at the austenite temperature of 820°C. While the highest reduction was produced at the temperature of 920°C and generated the highest shrinkage. The induction surface hardening of the gear was not high, and the highest distortion was found on the outside diameter.

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear Distortion Analysis due to Heat Treatment Process

AIP Conf. Proc. 1788, 030038-1–030038-7, 2017

One way to extend the lifetime of the gear is by minimizing the distortion during the manufacturi... more One way to extend the lifetime of the gear is by minimizing the distortion during the manufacturing process. One of the most important processes in manufacturing to produce gears is the heat treatment process. Heat treatment causes a geometric distortion in gears. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distortion of the gear after the heat treatment process. The material of the gear is AISI 1045, and it was designed with a module (m) 1.75, and a number of teeth (z) 29. In the experiment, the gear was heat-treated in the furnace at a temperature of 800OC and holding time of 30 minutes, then quenched in water to room temperature. The microstructure analysis was conducted to explore the phase change at gear teeth. A hardness test was also performed on the gear using the Rockwell test and, finally, the dimension of the gear was evaluated. Furthermore, the surface hardening process was also performed on gear teeth at the temperature of 820OC and a holding time of 35 seconds, and a similar procedure of analysis was conducted. The results show that the hardness of the gear reaches 63.2 HRC and the teeth surface hardness is 64.9 HRC at the case depth of 5 mm. The microstructure of the tested gear is martensitic and pearlite. Gear distortion such as the highest shrinkage due to heat treatment using a furnace is 3.758% at the tooth thickness. While the lower shrinkage at the addendum circle diameter is 0.135%. The distortion effect of gear after induction surface hardening with the highest value of the shrinkage at the tooth thickness also i.e. 1.593% and the value of lower shrinkage distortion at the face width is 0.960%.

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2021

The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold&#3... more The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer...

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2021

The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold&#3... more The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer...

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Research paper thumbnail of EDX Analysis to quantify atoms deposition

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of compression molding temperature on the characterization of asbestos-free composite friction materials for railway applications

AIMS Materials Science, 2023

Brake pads significantly affect the braking performance of railways under both normal and emergen... more Brake pads significantly affect the braking performance of railways under both normal and emergency operating conditions. In previous studies, brake pads were made using the hand lay-up method and produced the best properties on specimens with epoxy, rice husk, and and and and and Al2O3 and Fe2O3 compositions of 50%, 20%, 15% and 15%. However, the resulting density does not meet the density standard set by PT Industri Kereta Api Indonesia (PT INKA), which is 1.7–2.4 g/cm 3. To date, there has been limited research into the utilization of the compression hot molding method for the production of asbestos-free composite friction materials composed of epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 for railway applications. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of compression molding temperature on the characterization of composite brake pads for railway applications. The brake pad specimens were made of epoxy resin, rice husk, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with a composition of 50%, 20%, 15% and 15%, respectively. The manufacture of composites in this study used the compression molding method with a pressure of 20 MPa for 15 min holding time. The mold temperature used were 80, 100, 120 °C. Density, hardness, tensile, wear, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the specimens obtained. The results demonstrated that an increase in molding temperature improved the characterization of the brake pads, with the best results achieved at a molding temperature
of 120 °C (SP-3 specimen). SP-3 specimens had the best density, hardness, tensile properties and thermal properties compared to other specimens.

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chilled casting ductile iron to the shrinkage porosity on the surface of the Y Shaped specimen

resmilitaris, 2022

One of the surface hardening processes is chill casting. Chill casting is used for surface harden... more One of the surface hardening processes is chill casting. Chill casting is used for surface hardening of nodular cast iron materials. The problem that often occurs in the chill casting method is porosity which is influenced by the fast cooling rate between the casting object and the mold wall. This study aims to analyze the microstructure, hardness, and porosity that will form on the surface of the Y-shaped specimen after chilled casting. The material used for casting the Y-Shape specimen is nodular cast iron and the chill material is stainless steel plate. The chill is varied with a thickness of 0.2mm and 0.4mm and will be coated on the surface of the sand mold wall then the chill is preheated at a temperature of 700 o C and 900 o C, then pouring is done at a temperature of 1400 o C. The average hardness value on the surface of the specimen is 500HV-900HV, but in the middle area the hardness only reaches 200HV while the microstructure results in the surface layer are cementite and ledeburite phases, but in the middle area ferrite, and perlite are seen surrounding the nodule graphite structure. In the chill-coated area, although the hardness is high, there are micro-porosities and macro-porosities formed randomly.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

Journal of Renewable Energy, 2024

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coco... more Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world. The utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export opportunity. However, the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. The process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing, mixing, blending, pressing, and drying. In the mixing process, 3 types of adhesives were used, namely tapioca flour (Briquette_1), cassava flour (Briquette_2), and modified cassava flour (Briquette_3) with a concentration of 5% of the weight of coconut shell charcoal powders. The quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, density, compressive, and drop test testing. The results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes produced. Specimen Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes (Briquette_4) and other briquette specimens. The test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens, at 6.95 N/mm 2 and 4.44%, respectively. The moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) number 01-6235-2000. Meanwhile, the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States America (USA).

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Research paper thumbnail of Analisa Cacat yang Terjadi pada Proses Pembuatan Roda Gigi Lurus Melalui Proses Pengecoran Besi Cor Nodular yang Menggunakan Chill

ROTASI, Vol. 24 No. 4 , 2022

Gear surface hardening by using chill in the casting method is very unique in the gear manufactur... more Gear surface hardening by using chill in the casting method is very unique in the gear manufacturing process because it shortens the stages of gear manufacturing. The problem that needs attention is the occurrence of defects in the tooth profile after the gears are cast. Porosity defects and shrinkage or expansion defects often occur in the final solidification
step in nodular cast iron materials. The use of chill is a fast cooling rate on the surface between the cast and molded material. However, it is easy for air bubbles to occur in the process of forming spheroidal graphite at the end of the solidification step. The purpose of this study was to analyze shrinkage or expansion defects and porosity defects that occur on the tooth profile surface. Casting uses an electric furnace at a temperature of 1400oC and an open mold using silica sand. Before the pouring step, the chill will be heated at a temperature of 700oC. Dimensional change defects are detected by measuring the dimensions of the tooth profile. While the porosity defects were tested by radiography to determine the cavities in the chilled area, then the percentage value of porosity used the pycnometric method and the Archimedes principle. Shrinkage defects in the tooth thickness area are on average 0.2mm (0.04%), while porosity defects in chilled areas are cavities in the surface area of the tooth profile having the highest porosity value reaching 0.108wt.% because it is influenced by Cooling speed too high.

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chills thickness to microstructure and surface hardness layer on specimen ductile cast iron

THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICOMMET) 2020, 2021

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Research paper thumbnail of The effect of chill used in the ductile iron casting process to gear manufacture application on the wear resistance

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE CONGRESS & EXHIBITION

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear manufacture process by using chilled ductile iron casting

Ductile Iron has been used many times for the manufacture of components by casting, one of them i... more Ductile Iron has been used many times for the manufacture of components by casting, one of them is gears. The gear manufacturing method is one of the determinations of gear performance in service life. Wear and contact fatigue are important cases to consider during gear operation and the cause is surface hardness and dimensional accuracy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface behavior and gear profile dimension accurately. Gear chilled casting using an open mold made of silica sand. The chill will be coated to the surface of the mold wall then pouring at a temperature of 1400oC. Chill creates a good cooling rate on the surface to form FeC3 and M7C3 and (FeCrC)7C3, then produce a hardness of 700-994.96HV. Using chill thickness is 0.4mm, the dimensional accuracy of tooth thickness, pitch circular, and addendum circle diameter is very precise after the finishing process.

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Research paper thumbnail of Penentuan Jenis Baja Scrap sebagai Bahan Baku Proses Pengecoran Logam di IKM dengan Metode Spark Testing

Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin, 2021

Pengecoran logam di Indonesia sangat diperlukan di industri manufaktur, salah satu faktor yang se... more Pengecoran logam di Indonesia sangat diperlukan di industri manufaktur, salah satu faktor yang sering terjadi adalah proses pemilihan material awal pada pengecoran, terutama mengetahuai unsur yang terkandung didalam baja scrap. Salah satu metode untuk mengetahui kandungan karbon pada baja scrap adalah metode spark testing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakterisasi spark pada proses gerinda melalui identifikasi jenis baja scrap berdasarkan panjang spark, sudut spark dan sudut kontak spark. Dimensi dari sampel meliputi 100x50x10 mm, sudut pemakanan adalah 75ᵒ dengan grit size batu gerinda yaitu 36, 60 dan 80. Penekanan menggunakan gaya gravitasi dari spesimen itu sendiri selama 30 detik. Perbedaan volume stream dan bentuk karakterisasi spark dipengaruhi oleh kandungan komposisi kimia baja dan grit batu gerinda. Dengan menggunakan metode ini dapat mempermudah identifikasi awal baja scrap sebelum dilakukan pengecoran logam, sehingga hasil yang didapat adalah material den...

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Research paper thumbnail of designs-07-00056.pdf

MDPI, 2023

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chill Plate Thickness on Surface Hardening and Dimensional Accuracy of Nodular Cast Iron Gears Manufactured by the Chill Casting Method

Designs, Apr 11, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Chill Plate Thickness on Surface Hardening and Dimensional Accuracy of Nodular Cast Iron Gears Manufactured by the Chill Casting Method

MDPI, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

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Research paper thumbnail of Influence wt.% of SiC and borax on the mechanical properties of AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC composite by the method of semi solid stir casting

SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) with solid semi stir casting method is bec... more SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) with solid semi stir casting method is becoming popular in recent application (automotive, aerospace). Stirring the semi solid condition is proven to enhance the bond between matrix and reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the SiC wt.% and the addition of borax on mechanical properties of composite AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC and AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC/Borax. Specimens was tested focusing on the density, porosity, tensile test, impact test microstructure and SEM. AlSi is used as a matrix reinforced by SiC with percentage variations (10, 15, 20 wt.%). Giving wt.% Borax which is the ratio of 1: 4 between wt.% SiC. The addition of 1.5% of TiB gives grain refinement. The use of semi-solid stir casting method is able to increase the absorption of SiC particles into a matrix AlSi evenly. The improved composite presented here can be used as a guideline to make a new composite.

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Research paper thumbnail of Effect of wt.% SiCp and TiB on the mechanical properties in SiCp/AZ81A magnesium matrix composite by the method semi solid stir casting

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Temperature in Induction Surface Hardening on the Distortion of Gear

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear distortion analysis due to heat treatment process

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Research paper thumbnail of The Effect of Temperature in Induction Surface Hardening on the Distortion of Gear

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017

One way to extend the lifetime of gear is to minimize distortion during the manufacturing process... more One way to extend the lifetime of gear is to minimize distortion during the manufacturing process. One of the most important processes in gear manufacturing is induction surface hardening. Induction hardening causes a geometric distortion in gears. This study aimed to analyze the distortion of the gear after induction surface hardening. The material of gear used in this research is S45C, and it was designed with a module (m) of 1.75, and 29 teeth (z). In the experiment, the gear was heat-treated using induction hardening at variations of temperatures of 820°C, 880°C, and 920°C with holding times was 35, 45, and 55 s, respectively. Then the gear was quenched in water at room temperature. The microstructure analysis was conducted to explore the phase change in gear teeth. A hardness test was also performed on the gear using the Rockwell test, and finally, the gear dimension was evaluated. The results showed that the hardness of the gear at the teeth surface was 64.9HRC at the case depth of 5 mm is proper to be used. The microstructure of gear at the surface is martensitic, and the deeper area is pearlite. Gear distortion of all teeth with average thickness was reduced and the highest value was 1.593% at the austenite temperature of 820°C. While the highest reduction was produced at the temperature of 920°C and generated the highest shrinkage. The induction surface hardening of the gear was not high, and the highest distortion was found on the outside diameter.

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Research paper thumbnail of Gear Distortion Analysis due to Heat Treatment Process

AIP Conf. Proc. 1788, 030038-1–030038-7, 2017

One way to extend the lifetime of the gear is by minimizing the distortion during the manufacturi... more One way to extend the lifetime of the gear is by minimizing the distortion during the manufacturing process. One of the most important processes in manufacturing to produce gears is the heat treatment process. Heat treatment causes a geometric distortion in gears. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distortion of the gear after the heat treatment process. The material of the gear is AISI 1045, and it was designed with a module (m) 1.75, and a number of teeth (z) 29. In the experiment, the gear was heat-treated in the furnace at a temperature of 800OC and holding time of 30 minutes, then quenched in water to room temperature. The microstructure analysis was conducted to explore the phase change at gear teeth. A hardness test was also performed on the gear using the Rockwell test and, finally, the dimension of the gear was evaluated. Furthermore, the surface hardening process was also performed on gear teeth at the temperature of 820OC and a holding time of 35 seconds, and a similar procedure of analysis was conducted. The results show that the hardness of the gear reaches 63.2 HRC and the teeth surface hardness is 64.9 HRC at the case depth of 5 mm. The microstructure of the tested gear is martensitic and pearlite. Gear distortion such as the highest shrinkage due to heat treatment using a furnace is 3.758% at the tooth thickness. While the lower shrinkage at the addendum circle diameter is 0.135%. The distortion effect of gear after induction surface hardening with the highest value of the shrinkage at the tooth thickness also i.e. 1.593% and the value of lower shrinkage distortion at the face width is 0.960%.

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2021

The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold&#3... more The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer...

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Research paper thumbnail of Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting

International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2021

The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold&#3... more The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer...

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Research paper thumbnail of EDX Analysis to quantify atoms deposition

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Research paper thumbnail of MATERIALS SELECTION AND PROCESS

OBJECTIVES OF THIS LESSON ARE: 1. To provide body of knowledge of mechanical engineering, Relatio... more OBJECTIVES OF THIS LESSON ARE:
1. To provide body of knowledge of mechanical engineering, Relation of Materials Selection to Design in material engineering;
2. To provide basic concept knowledge concerning various type of materials and its functions;
3. To provide an introduction and also as a basic reference before they make a decision to the selection of the materials;
4. To offer understanding and consideration for choosing the suitable study program and have a strong motivation in learning the latter courses.

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Research paper thumbnail of Diagram fasa

Phase diagrams are important to predict the phases that are present in the stainless steels; ther... more Phase diagrams are important to predict the phases that are present in the stainless steels; therefore, they are also very important as a guide to their heat treatments.

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Research paper thumbnail of KLASIFIKASI BAJA

Baja adalah logam yang unsur dasarnya besi dan ditambahi dengan beberapa elemen-elemen lainnya te... more Baja adalah logam yang unsur dasarnya besi dan ditambahi dengan beberapa elemen-elemen lainnya termasuk unsur karbon. Kandungan unsur karbon dalam baja berkisar antara 0,2- 2,1% berat sesuai grade-nya. Berikut elemen-elemen yang terdapat dalam baja seperti karbon (C), mangan (Mn), fosfor (P), sulfur (S), silikon (Si) dan sebagian kecil oksigen (O2), nitrogen (N2) dan aluminium (Al). Selain itu, ada elemen lain yang ditambahkan untuk membedakan karakteristik antara beberapa jenis baja diantaranya: mangan (Mn), nikel (Ni), krom (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) dan niobium (Nb) (Ashby, 2005).
Baja juga digunakan sebagai material pada plat, pipa, lembaran, profil dan sebagainya. Proses pembuatan baja dapat melalui proses pengecoran, penempaan, pencairan. Kandungan unsur paling penting dalam baja adalah karbon karena dapat berpengaruh pada kekerasan dan kekuatan baja. Tinggi rendahnya persentase kadar karbon dalam baja berpengaruh pada tinggi rendahnya suhu kritis (batas zona struktur logam). Bila kadar karbon baja melebihi 0,20%, dari suhu austenite turun dimana sifat ferrite mulai terbentuk dan mengendap. Baja denga kadar karbon 0,80% disebut baja eutectoid dan strukturnya terdiri dari 100% pearlite. Titik eutectoid adalah suhu terendah dalam logam, dimana terjadi perubahan dalam keadaan larut padat dan merupakan suhu keseimbangan terendah dimana austenite terurai menjadi ferrite dan cementite.
Bila kadar karbon baja lebih besar dari pada eutectoid, perlu diamati garis pada diagram besi-karbida besi. Garis ini menyatakan suhu dimana karbida besi mulai memisah dari austenite. Karbida besi dengan rumus kimia Fe3C disebut cementite. Cementite sangat keras dan rapuh. Baja yang mengandung kadar karbon kurang dari eutectoid (0,80%) disebut baja hypoeutectoid dan baja yang mengandung kadar karbon lebih dari eutectoid disebut baja hypereutectoid (William D. Callister, 2015).

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Research paper thumbnail of REVIEW JOURNAL

Review journal Adalah salah satu pekerjaan yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui isi dari karia ilmiah ... more Review journal Adalah salah satu pekerjaan yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui isi dari karia ilmiah sesoran. sehingga penulis bisa memahami untuk membandingkan hasil, metode, teori dbs terhadap penulisannya sendiri.

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Research paper thumbnail of CHILL

Chill adalah bahan atau komponen konduktivitas termal yang tinggi yang digunakan untuk mempercepa... more Chill adalah bahan atau komponen konduktivitas termal yang tinggi yang digunakan untuk mempercepat pendinginan logam di dalam cetakan. Chill ini bisa terbuat dari tembaga atau besi cor, yang di letakan pada permukaan cetakan untuk mengatur pendinginan cepat di permukaan spesimen yang akan dicor. Permukaan chill dicat dengan perekat yang berkualitas tinggi untuk mencegah oksidasi. Sebuah padatan chill dimasukkan ke dalam cetakan tepatnya permukaan spesimen, atau menjorok ke dalam rongga cetakan, untuk menimbulkan solidifikasi di dalam cetakan. Kepadatan chill ini dikelilingi oleh logam cair selama penuangan. Jika chill ini membuat dengan sejenis material, maka akan tergabung dengan bersamaan.

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