varun goud | Textile and Engineering Institute (original) (raw)
Papers by varun goud
This paper deals with brief introduction of regenerated keratin bio-fibres and their composites, ... more This paper deals with brief introduction of regenerated keratin bio-fibres and their composites, methods of spinning such as electrospinning, wet spinning etc, reinforcement with carbon nano tubes, clays and their applications. Like many naturally-derived bio-molecules, keratins have intrinsic biological activity and biocompatibility. They are annually renewable, commercially abundant, of consistent quality, and have guaranteed supply. Wastes from feather keratin , wool, and silk may be suitable for producing keratin based eco-friendly materials such as highly functional composite textile fibres reinforced with multi-walled carbon nano tubes, nano clays and cellulose nano fibres. Potential applications include; films, biomaterials for wound dressing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-plastics, heavy metal adsorbents, keratin scaffolds, hygienic fabrics and bio-composites in construction and building materials such as hurricane resistant roof and agro-textiles for weed control.
Growing environmental concerns and consumer demands are driving research into ways to replace the... more Growing environmental concerns and consumer demands are driving research into ways to replace the conventional processes used for wool with novel eco-friendly and energy efficient processes. Newer ways are being developed by researchers all over the world to make wool processes such as scouring, dyeing, finishing etc, more efficient with respect to energy, chemical consumption, time and pollution load. Processing of wool with the help of novel technologies such as plasma, ultrasonic, bio-processing and supercritical fluids; to name a few, can not only address the environmental concerns but also endow the wool based textiles with value added properties to survive in a highly competitive market. This paper summarizes recent developments in such processes.
This review paper deals with the introduction of nano clays and their properties, Polymer-Clay Hy... more This review paper deals with the introduction of nano clays and their properties, Polymer-Clay Hybrid Nano Composites and applications of clays in textiles. Clay is a smectite-type layered silicate substance characterized by high surface area, cation exchange capacity, surface reactivity, adsorptive properties, antimicrobial activity, high viscosity, and high hydrophilicity. Montmorillonite clay is the most commonly used smectite-type layered silicate for the preparation of nanocomposites. Clays are a valuable mineral class for a myriad of industrial applications such as production of polymer-clay nano composites with improved thermal stability, toughness and tensile properties, improved storage moduli and reduced permeabilities, for flame retardant and bio-active fibres, clays are also used in technical textiles such as geo-synthetic clay liners, in medical textiles as haemostatic bandage, artificial muscles, bio-degradable polymers, automotive textiles, packaging and many more.
In the present paper, the role of ultrasound was studied in the scouring process and the results ... more In the present paper, the role of ultrasound was studied in the scouring process and the results were evaluated in terms of grease, other fatty matter and suint removal efficiency by Soxhlet extraction method. Three types of raw wool fibres viz., fine, medium and coarser grade wool were scoured with and without ultrasound. The results indicate that if all the parameters of scouring recipe are kept same, the fat and suint removal efficiency gets doubled in presence of ultrasound. It was also found that ultrasonic scouring can be done at lower temperature and chemical concentration.
This paper deals with the brief introduction of aerogel, its manufacturing processes and its appl... more This paper deals with the brief introduction of aerogel, its manufacturing processes and its applications in textiles. Aerogel- the lightest solid on earth, often nicknamed as “frozen smoke, belong to a fascinating class of nanoporous materials derived by sol-gel technique. They have exceptional physical properties such as; extremely low thermal conductivity, low sound speeds, low dielectric constant and high optical transparency. These properties make the aerogel materials highly suitable for a wide variety of applications such as thermal insulation for extreme weather gear, space suits, cryogenic pipes, space shuttles, carbon nanotube aerogel composites for applications requiring high strength to weight ratio, bio hybrids for functional applications, energy conservation in buildings, acoustic textiles and many more.
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research
Wool fabric has been treated with low-temperature plasma using a di-electric barrier discharge pl... more Wool fabric has been treated with low-temperature plasma using a di-electric barrier discharge plasma reactor under atmospheric pressure. Air was used as the non-polymerizing gas for plasma treatment. The effect of plasma process parameters, viz voltage (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 kV) and the inter-electrode spacing (2, 3 and 4 mm) on the properties of wool fabric has been studied. Breaking strength, breaking elongation and low-stress mechanical properties of the treated and untreated wool fabrics are evaluated. Surface topographical changes after plasma treatment of wool have been assessed by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the tensile, bending, compression, shear, and surface properties depend on the applied voltage and the inter-electrode spacing. As the applied voltage across the electrodes is increased and the inter-electrode spacing is decreased, the etching effect of active species in plasma over the wool substrate is increased. This results in improved tensile prop...
Carbon fibers are finding a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector, which encompas... more Carbon fibers are finding a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector, which encompasses the high-tech aerospace and defence areas, increasingly the shipping, sporting and medical fields as well. One of the major shortcomings that limit the potential widespread use of carbon fibers in commercial applications is their prohibitive cost in comparison with other structural materials like glass fibres and steel. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer degrades before melting and thus melt spinning is not preferred. Current carbon fiber productions from acrylic fibers employ wet or dry spun PAN-based precursors that require expensive solvents and costly solvent recovery methods causing environmental pollution. Melting point of PAN can be reduced by disturbing intra and interchain interaction between nitrile groups. This can be achieved by incorporating suitable comonomers or by using plasticizers like water or organic solvents. Thus melt spinning becomes feasible and production cost c...
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research
Wool scoured using ultrasound irradiation at intermediate stages has been analysed and compared w... more Wool scoured using ultrasound irradiation at intermediate stages has been analysed and compared with the wool scoured without ultrasonic energy. The conventional recipe is modified with 25% reduction in chemical concentration, time and temperature. The scouring efficiency is measured in terms of residual grease content. Ultrasound energy effectively removes grease with lower concentration of chemicals, temperature and time. Ultrasound subjected to all bath scouring has lowest residual grease content. However, the highest improvement in whiteness is observed during ultrasound irradiation on rinsing baths. It is also observed that the combination of ultrasound and alkali adversely affects whiteness and yellowness. Scanning electron microscope analysis shows no cuticle damage after ultrasound exposure on wool fibre. In addition, the chemical properties of wool are not changed due to ultrasound treatment. The mean fibre diameter, single fibre strength and moisture content do not show si...
Nanopiezotronics refers to generation of electrical energy at the nanometer scale via mechanical ... more Nanopiezotronics refers to generation of electrical energy at the nanometer scale via mechanical stress to the piezoelectric materials. Textile fabrics incorporating such piezoelectric materials capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy could be used in the construction of wind-harvesting banner, in garments capable of collecting the mechanical energy associated with various body movements such as bending, walking, breathing and vibration of vocal cords, in shoes or in carpets with ZnO nano wires generating energy when people walk over it and for vibration damping using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. This review highlights some of the major developments made in this field of piezoelectric materials that offer significant promise for various textile and engineering applications.
Pramana, 2011
Dielectric barrier discharge type of plasma reactor was used for the low-temperature plasma (LTP)... more Dielectric barrier discharge type of plasma reactor was used for the low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of the wool fabrics. Air was used as the non-polymerizing gas for the plasma treatment at different time intervals. Low-stress mechanical properties of the treated and untreated wool fabrics were evaluated using Siro-fast technique which revealed that the tensile, bending, compression, shear, dimensional stability and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. Other properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and pilling propensity were also evaluated. The surface topographical changes of the wool fibres after LTP treatment were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The changes in these properties are supposed to be related closely to the interfibre and interyarn frictional force and increased surface area of the fibres induced by the etching effect of plasma.
This paper deals with brief introduction of regenerated keratin bio-fibres and their composites, ... more This paper deals with brief introduction of regenerated keratin bio-fibres and their composites, methods of spinning such as electrospinning, wet spinning etc, reinforcement with carbon nano tubes, clays and their applications. Like many naturally-derived bio-molecules, keratins have intrinsic biological activity and biocompatibility. They are annually renewable, commercially abundant, of consistent quality, and have guaranteed supply. Wastes from feather keratin , wool, and silk may be suitable for producing keratin based eco-friendly materials such as highly functional composite textile fibres reinforced with multi-walled carbon nano tubes, nano clays and cellulose nano fibres. Potential applications include; films, biomaterials for wound dressing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-plastics, heavy metal adsorbents, keratin scaffolds, hygienic fabrics and bio-composites in construction and building materials such as hurricane resistant roof and agro-textiles for weed control.
Growing environmental concerns and consumer demands are driving research into ways to replace the... more Growing environmental concerns and consumer demands are driving research into ways to replace the conventional processes used for wool with novel eco-friendly and energy efficient processes. Newer ways are being developed by researchers all over the world to make wool processes such as scouring, dyeing, finishing etc, more efficient with respect to energy, chemical consumption, time and pollution load. Processing of wool with the help of novel technologies such as plasma, ultrasonic, bio-processing and supercritical fluids; to name a few, can not only address the environmental concerns but also endow the wool based textiles with value added properties to survive in a highly competitive market. This paper summarizes recent developments in such processes.
This review paper deals with the introduction of nano clays and their properties, Polymer-Clay Hy... more This review paper deals with the introduction of nano clays and their properties, Polymer-Clay Hybrid Nano Composites and applications of clays in textiles. Clay is a smectite-type layered silicate substance characterized by high surface area, cation exchange capacity, surface reactivity, adsorptive properties, antimicrobial activity, high viscosity, and high hydrophilicity. Montmorillonite clay is the most commonly used smectite-type layered silicate for the preparation of nanocomposites. Clays are a valuable mineral class for a myriad of industrial applications such as production of polymer-clay nano composites with improved thermal stability, toughness and tensile properties, improved storage moduli and reduced permeabilities, for flame retardant and bio-active fibres, clays are also used in technical textiles such as geo-synthetic clay liners, in medical textiles as haemostatic bandage, artificial muscles, bio-degradable polymers, automotive textiles, packaging and many more.
In the present paper, the role of ultrasound was studied in the scouring process and the results ... more In the present paper, the role of ultrasound was studied in the scouring process and the results were evaluated in terms of grease, other fatty matter and suint removal efficiency by Soxhlet extraction method. Three types of raw wool fibres viz., fine, medium and coarser grade wool were scoured with and without ultrasound. The results indicate that if all the parameters of scouring recipe are kept same, the fat and suint removal efficiency gets doubled in presence of ultrasound. It was also found that ultrasonic scouring can be done at lower temperature and chemical concentration.
This paper deals with the brief introduction of aerogel, its manufacturing processes and its appl... more This paper deals with the brief introduction of aerogel, its manufacturing processes and its applications in textiles. Aerogel- the lightest solid on earth, often nicknamed as “frozen smoke, belong to a fascinating class of nanoporous materials derived by sol-gel technique. They have exceptional physical properties such as; extremely low thermal conductivity, low sound speeds, low dielectric constant and high optical transparency. These properties make the aerogel materials highly suitable for a wide variety of applications such as thermal insulation for extreme weather gear, space suits, cryogenic pipes, space shuttles, carbon nanotube aerogel composites for applications requiring high strength to weight ratio, bio hybrids for functional applications, energy conservation in buildings, acoustic textiles and many more.
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research
Wool fabric has been treated with low-temperature plasma using a di-electric barrier discharge pl... more Wool fabric has been treated with low-temperature plasma using a di-electric barrier discharge plasma reactor under atmospheric pressure. Air was used as the non-polymerizing gas for plasma treatment. The effect of plasma process parameters, viz voltage (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 kV) and the inter-electrode spacing (2, 3 and 4 mm) on the properties of wool fabric has been studied. Breaking strength, breaking elongation and low-stress mechanical properties of the treated and untreated wool fabrics are evaluated. Surface topographical changes after plasma treatment of wool have been assessed by scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the tensile, bending, compression, shear, and surface properties depend on the applied voltage and the inter-electrode spacing. As the applied voltage across the electrodes is increased and the inter-electrode spacing is decreased, the etching effect of active species in plasma over the wool substrate is increased. This results in improved tensile prop...
Carbon fibers are finding a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector, which encompas... more Carbon fibers are finding a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector, which encompasses the high-tech aerospace and defence areas, increasingly the shipping, sporting and medical fields as well. One of the major shortcomings that limit the potential widespread use of carbon fibers in commercial applications is their prohibitive cost in comparison with other structural materials like glass fibres and steel. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer degrades before melting and thus melt spinning is not preferred. Current carbon fiber productions from acrylic fibers employ wet or dry spun PAN-based precursors that require expensive solvents and costly solvent recovery methods causing environmental pollution. Melting point of PAN can be reduced by disturbing intra and interchain interaction between nitrile groups. This can be achieved by incorporating suitable comonomers or by using plasticizers like water or organic solvents. Thus melt spinning becomes feasible and production cost c...
Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research
Wool scoured using ultrasound irradiation at intermediate stages has been analysed and compared w... more Wool scoured using ultrasound irradiation at intermediate stages has been analysed and compared with the wool scoured without ultrasonic energy. The conventional recipe is modified with 25% reduction in chemical concentration, time and temperature. The scouring efficiency is measured in terms of residual grease content. Ultrasound energy effectively removes grease with lower concentration of chemicals, temperature and time. Ultrasound subjected to all bath scouring has lowest residual grease content. However, the highest improvement in whiteness is observed during ultrasound irradiation on rinsing baths. It is also observed that the combination of ultrasound and alkali adversely affects whiteness and yellowness. Scanning electron microscope analysis shows no cuticle damage after ultrasound exposure on wool fibre. In addition, the chemical properties of wool are not changed due to ultrasound treatment. The mean fibre diameter, single fibre strength and moisture content do not show si...
Nanopiezotronics refers to generation of electrical energy at the nanometer scale via mechanical ... more Nanopiezotronics refers to generation of electrical energy at the nanometer scale via mechanical stress to the piezoelectric materials. Textile fabrics incorporating such piezoelectric materials capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy could be used in the construction of wind-harvesting banner, in garments capable of collecting the mechanical energy associated with various body movements such as bending, walking, breathing and vibration of vocal cords, in shoes or in carpets with ZnO nano wires generating energy when people walk over it and for vibration damping using piezoelectric sensors and actuators. This review highlights some of the major developments made in this field of piezoelectric materials that offer significant promise for various textile and engineering applications.
Pramana, 2011
Dielectric barrier discharge type of plasma reactor was used for the low-temperature plasma (LTP)... more Dielectric barrier discharge type of plasma reactor was used for the low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of the wool fabrics. Air was used as the non-polymerizing gas for the plasma treatment at different time intervals. Low-stress mechanical properties of the treated and untreated wool fabrics were evaluated using Siro-fast technique which revealed that the tensile, bending, compression, shear, dimensional stability and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. Other properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and pilling propensity were also evaluated. The surface topographical changes of the wool fibres after LTP treatment were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The changes in these properties are supposed to be related closely to the interfibre and interyarn frictional force and increased surface area of the fibres induced by the etching effect of plasma.