(original) (raw)

[ { "name": "Lollipop", "version": "5", "apiLevel": 21, "distributionPercentage": 0.001, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Material design support
Concurrent documents and activities in the recents screen
WebView updates
Screen capturing and sharing" }, { "title": "Notifications", "body": "Lock screen notifications
Notifications metadata" }, { "title": "Graphics", "body": "Support for OpenGL ES 3.1
Android Extension Pack" }, { "title": "Media", "body": "Camera API for advanced camera capabilities
Audio playback
Media playback control
Media browsing" }, { "title": "Storage", "body": "Directory selection" }, { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "Multiple network connections
Bluetooth Low Energy
NFC enhancements" }, { "title": "Battery - Project Volta", "body": "Scheduling jobs
Developer tools for battery usage" }, { "title": "Android in the Workplace and in Education", "body": "Managed provisioning
Device owner
Screen pinning" }, { "title": "Printing Framework", "body": "Render PDF as bitmap" }, { "title": "System", "body": "App usage statistics" }, { "title": "Testing & Accessibility", "body": "Testing and accessibility improvements" }, { "title": "IME", "body": "Easier switching between input languages" }, { "title": "Manifest Declarations", "body": "Declarable required features
User permissions" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Lollipop", "version": "5.1", "apiLevel": 22, "distributionPercentage": 0.003, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.1.html", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "Multiple SIM Card Support
Carrier Provisioning" }, { "title": "API Change", "body": "Deprecated HTTP Classes" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Marshmallow", "version": "6", "apiLevel": 23, "distributionPercentage": 0.004, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "Security", "body": "Fingerprint Authentication
Confirm Credential" }, { "title": "System", "body": "App Linking
Adoptable Storage Devices" }, { "title": "Multimedia", "body": "4K Display Mode
Support for MIDI
Create digital audio capture and playback objects
APIs to associate audio and input devices
List of all audio devices
Updated video processing APIs
Flashlight API
Reprocessing Camera2 API
Updated ImageWriter objects and Image Reader class" }, { "title": "User Input", "body": "Voice Interactions
Assist API
Bluetooth Stylus Support" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Themeable ColorStateLists" }, { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "Hotspot 2.0
Improved Bluetooth Low Energy Scanning" }, { "title": "Android for Work", "body": "Controls for Corporate-Owned, Single-Use devices
Silent install and uninstall of apps by Device Owner
Silent enterprise certificate access
Auto-acceptance of system updates
Delegated certificate installation
Data usage tracking
Runtime permission management
Work status notification" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Nougat", "version": "7", "apiLevel": 24, "distributionPercentage": 0.004, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0.html", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Multi-window Support
Notifications
Quick Settings Tile API
Custom Pointer API" }, { "title": "Performance", "body": "Profile-guided JIT/AOT Compilation
Quick Path to App Install
Sustained Performance API
Frame Metrics API" }, { "title": "Battery Life", "body": "Doze on the Go
Project Svelte: Background Optimizations
SurfaceView" }, { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "Data Saver
Number Blocking
Call Screening" }, { "title": "Graphics", "body": "Vulkan API" }, { "title": "System", "body": "Direct Boot
Multi-locale Support, More Languages
ICU4J APIs in Android
APK Signature Scheme v2
Scoped Directory Access
Keyboard Shortcuts Helper
Virtual Files" }, { "title": "Android for Work", "body": "Work profile security challenge
Turn off work
Always on VPN
Customized provisioning" }, { "title": "Accessiblity", "body": "Vision Settings on the Welcome screen" }, { "title": "Security", "body": "Key Attestation
Network Security Config
Default Trusted Certificate Authority" }, { "title": "VR", "body": "Platform support and optimizations for VR Mode" }, { "title": "Printing Framework", "body": "Print service enhancements" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Nougat", "version": "7.1", "apiLevel": 25, "distributionPercentage": 0.004, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/nougat/android-7.1.html", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "System", "body": "Enhanced Live Wallpaper Metadata
Storage Manager Intent
Demo User Hint" }, { "title": "VR", "body": "Improved VR Thread Scheduling" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "App Shortcuts
Round Icon Resources" }, { "title": "User Input", "body": "Image Keyboard Support
New Professional Emoji" }, { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "APIs for Carriers and Calling Apps" }, { "title": "Wear", "body": "New Screen Densities for Wear Devices" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Oreo", "version": "8", "apiLevel": 26, "distributionPercentage": 0.008, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "System", "body": "Custom data store
JobScheduler improvements
Cached data" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Picture-in-Picture mode
Improved Notifications
Autofill framework
Downloadable fonts
Multi-display support
Adaptive icons" }, { "title": "Media", "body": "VolumeShaper
Audio focus enhancements
Media metrics
MediaPlayer and MediaRecorder improvements
Improved media file access" }, { "title": "Wireless & Connectivity", "body": "Wi-Fi Aware
Bluetooth updates
Companion device pairing" }, { "title": "Security & Privacy", "body": "New permissions
New account access and discovery APIs" }, { "title": "Runtime & Tools", "body": "Platform optimizations
Updated Java language support
Updated ICU4J Android Framework APIs" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Oreo", "version": "8.1", "apiLevel": 27, "distributionPercentage": 0.023, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.1", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "System", "body": "Android Go
Neural Networks API
Programmatic Safe Browsing actions
Shared memory API" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Improved Notifications
EditText update
WallpaperColors API" }, { "title": "Media", "body": "Video thumbnail extractor" }, { "title": "Security & Privacy", "body": "Fingerprint updates
Cryptography updates" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Pie", "version": "9", "apiLevel": 28, "distributionPercentage": 0.045, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "System", "body": "Indoor positioning with Wi-Fi RTT
Multi-camera support
Display cutout support" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Improved notifications
Improved text support
ImageDecoder and new animation classes" }, { "title": "Media", "body": "HDR VP9 video
HEIF image compression
Improved media APIs" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "Android Protected Confirmation
Biometric authentication dialogs
Hardware security module
Secure key import
Client-side encryption backups" }, { "title": "Accessibility", "body": "Navigation semantics
Convenience actions
Magnifier" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "Q", "version": "10", "apiLevel": 29, "distributionPercentage": 0.078, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/10", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "System", "body": "Foldables support
5G support
Gesture navigation
ART optimizations
Neural Networks API 1.2
Thermal API" }, { "title": "User Interface", "body": "Smart Reply in notifications
Dark theme
Settings panels
Sharing shortcuts" }, { "title": "Camera and media", "body": "Dynamic depth for photos
Audio playback capture
New codecs
Native MIDI API
Vulkan everywhere
Directional microphones" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "New location permissions
Storage encryption
TLS 1.3 by default
Platform hardening
Improved biometrics" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "R", "version": "11", "apiLevel": 30, "distributionPercentage": 0.137, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/11", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "New features", "body": "Chat Bubbles
Conversation improvements
Wireless debugging
Neural Networks API 1.3
Frame rate API" }, { "title": "Behavior changes", "body": "Exposure Notifications
Conscrypt SSL engine by default
Non-SDK interface restrictions
URI access permissions requirements" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "Scoped storage enforcement
One-time permissions
Permissions auto-reset
Background location access
Package visibility
Foreground services
Secure sharing of large datasets" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "S", "version": "12", "apiLevel": 31, "distributionPercentage": 0.114, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/12", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "New features", "body": "Material You
Redesigned widgets

Game Mode
Rich content insertion
AppSearch API
Compatible media transcoding
Improved notifications" }, { "title": "Behavior changes", "body": "Performance Classes
Stretch overscroll
App splash screens
Restricted App Standby Bucket
Improved refresh rate switching
Passpoint updates" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "App hibernation
Nearby device permissions
Approximate location
Bluetooth permissions
Permission group lookup
Clipboard access notifications
Permission package visibility" }, { "title": "Large screen support (12L)", "body": "System UI optimizations
App taskbar
Drag and drop an app into split-screen mode
fast app-switching
Visual and stability improvements to compatibility mode
Activity embedding with Jetpack WindowManager" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "T", "version": "13", "apiLevel": 33, "distributionPercentage": 0.139, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/13", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "New features", "body": "Tablet and large screen support
Programmable shaders
Color vector fonts
Predictive back gesture
Bluetooth LE Audio
Splash screen efficiency improvements
ART optimizations" }, { "title": "Behavior changes", "body": "OpenJDK 11 updates
Battery Resource Utilization
Media controls derived from PlaybackState
Permission required for advertising ID
Updated non-SDK restrictions" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "Safer exporting of context-registered receivers
Enhanced photo picker privacy
New runtime permission for nearby Wi-Fi devices
Exact alarms permission
Developer downgradable permissions
APK Signature Scheme v3.1
Better error reporting in Keystore and KeyMint" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "U", "version": "14", "apiLevel": 34, "distributionPercentage": 0.172, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/14", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "New features", "body": "Ultra HDR for images
Zoom, Focus, Postview, and more in camera extensions
Lossless USB audio
Health Connect
Add custom actions
Custom meshes with vertex and fragment shaders" }, { "title": "Behavior changes", "body": "Foreground service types are required
Enforcement of BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission
JobScheduler reinforces callback and network behavior
Apps can kill only their own background processes
Schedule exact alarms are denied by default
Data safety information is more visible
Minimum installable target API level" }, { "title": "Security and privacy", "body": "Credential Manager
Improvements for app stores
Detect when users take device screenshots
Secure full-screen Intent notifications
Restrictions to implicit and pending intents
Safer dynamic code loading
restrictions on starting activities from the background
User consent required for each MediaProjection" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "V", "version": "15", "apiLevel": 35, "distributionPercentage": 0.193, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/15", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "Camera and media", "body": "Low Light Boost
In-app Camera Controls
HDR headroom control
Loudness control
Virtual MIDI 2.0 Devices
More efficient AV1 software decoding" }, { "title": "Connectivity", "body": "Satellite support
Smoother NFC experiences
Wallet role" }, { "title": "Developer productivity and tools", "body": "OpenJDK 17 updates
PDF improvements
Automatic language switching refinements
Improved OpenType Variable Font API
Granular line break controls
App archiving" }, { "title": "Graphics", "body": "Modernizing Android's GPU access
Improvements for Canvas" }, { "title": "Large screens and form factors", "body": "Improved large screen multitasking
Cover screen support" }, { "title": "Performance and battery", "body": "ApplicationStartInfo API
Detailed app size information
App-managed profiling
SQLite database improvements
Android Dynamic Performance Framework updates" }, { "title": "Privacy", "body": "Screen recording detection
Expanded IntentFilter capabilities
Private space
Query most-recent user selection for Selected Photos Access
Privacy Sandbox on Android
Health Connect
Partial screen sharing" }, { "title": "Security", "body": "Integrate Credential Manager with autofill
Integrate single tap sign-up and sign-in with biometric prompts
Key management for end-to-end encryption
Permission checks on content URIs" }, { "title": "User experience and system UI", "body": "Richer widget previews with Generated Previews API
Picture-in-picture improvements
Improved Do Not Disturb rules
Set VibrationEffect for notification channels
Media projection status bar chip and auto stop" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] }, { "name": "B", "version": "16", "apiLevel": 36, "distributionPercentage": 0.074, "url": "https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/summary", "descriptionBlocks": [ { "title": "User Experience and System UI", "body": "Progress-centric notifications
Richer haptics APIs
Predictive back updates and default migration/opt-out requirement (targeting 16+)
Automatic themed app icons
Edge to edge opt-out removed (targeting 16+)
Deprecating disruptive accessibility announcements
Content handling for live wallpapers" }, { "title": "Security and Privacy", "body": "Improved security against Intent redirection attacks
Key sharing API for Android Keystore
Privacy Sandbox on Android updates
MediaStore version lockdown (targeting 16+)
Safer Intent resolution mechanism (targeting 16+)
GPU syscall filtering (targeting 16+)" }, { "title": "Camera and Media", "body": "UltraHDR image enhancements (HEIC)
Precise color temperature and tint adjustments
Hybrid auto-exposure modes
Motion photo capture Intent actions
Camera night mode scene detection (EXTENSION_NIGHT_MODE_INDICATOR)
Photo picker improvements (embeddable, cloud search)" }, { "title": "Core Functionality", "body": "ART internal changes and performance updates
JobScheduler quota optimizations and new abandoned job reason (STOP_REASON_TIMEOUT_ABANDONED)
16 KB page size compatibility mode
Ordered broadcast priority scope limited to same process
Fixed rate work scheduling optimization (targeting 16+)" }, { "title": "Connectivity", "body": "Generic ranging APIs (RangingManager)
Ranging with enhanced security (Wi-Fi 6 802.11az)
Companion device manager device presence APIs
Improved Bluetooth bond loss handling and new intents/APIs for targeting 16+" }, { "title": "Accessibility", "body": "Improved accessibility APIs
Phone as microphone input for voice calls with LEA hearing aids
Ambient volume controls for LEA hearing aids" }, { "title": "Graphics", "body": "Custom graphical effects with AGSL (RuntimeColorFilter, RuntimeXfermode)" }, { "title": "Internationalization", "body": "Vertical text rendering support
Measurement system customization in regional preferences" }, { "title": "Device Form Factors", "body": "Standardized picture and audio quality framework for TVs (MediaQuality package)
Virtual device owner overrides
Adaptive layouts (platform ignores screen orientation/aspect ratio restrictions for targeting 16+)" }, { "title": "Health and Fitness", "body": "Transition to granular health and fitness permissions (`android.permissions.health` for Health Connect) (targeting 16+)" }, { "title": "", "body": "Last updated: December 1, 2025" } ] } ]