core.checkedint - D Programming Language (original) (raw)

This module implements integral arithmetic primitives that check for out-of-range results.

Integral arithmetic operators operate on fixed width types. Results that are not representable in those fixed widths are silently truncated to fit. This module offers integral arithmetic primitives that produce the same results, but set an 'overflow' flag when such truncation occurs. The setting is sticky, meaning that numerous operations can be cascaded and then the flag need only be checked at the end. Whether the operation is signed or unsigned is indicated by an 's' or 'u' suffix, respectively. While this could be achieved without such suffixes by using overloading on the signedness of the types, the suffix makes it clear which is happening without needing to examine the types.

While the generic versions of these functions are computationally expensive relative to the cost of the operation itself, compiler implementations are free to recognize them and generate equivalent and faster code.

The functions here are templates so they can be used with -betterC, as betterC does not link with this library.

int adds()(int x, int y, ref bool overflow);

long adds()(long x, long y, ref bool overflow);

Add two signed integers, checking for overflow.

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

int x	left operand
int y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(adds(2, 3, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(1, int.max - 1, overflow) == int.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(int.min + 1, -1, overflow) == int.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(int.max, 1, overflow) == int.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(adds(int.min, -1, overflow) == int.max); assert(overflow);

assert(adds(0, 0, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(adds(2L, 3L, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(1L, long.max - 1, overflow) == long.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(long.min + 1, -1, overflow) == long.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(adds(long.max, 1, overflow) == long.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(adds(long.min, -1, overflow) == long.max); assert(overflow);

assert(adds(0L, 0L, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

uint addu()(uint x, uint y, ref bool overflow);

ulong addu()(ulong x, ulong y, ref bool overflow);

Add two unsigned integers, checking for overflow (aka carry).

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

uint x	left operand
uint y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise

Examples:

for (uint i = 0; i < 10; ++i) { bool overflow; immutable uint r = addu (uint.max - i, uint.max - i, overflow); assert(r == 2 * (uint.max - i)); assert(overflow); }

bool overflow; assert(addu(2, 3, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(1, uint.max - 1, overflow) == uint.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(uint.min, -1, overflow) == uint.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(uint.max, 1, overflow) == uint.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(addu(uint.min + 1, -1, overflow) == uint.min); assert(overflow);

assert(addu(0, 0, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(addu(2L, 3L, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(1, ulong.max - 1, overflow) == ulong.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(ulong.min, -1L, overflow) == ulong.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(addu(ulong.max, 1, overflow) == ulong.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(addu(ulong.min + 1, -1L, overflow) == ulong.min); assert(overflow);

assert(addu(0L, 0L, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

int subs()(int x, int y, ref bool overflow);

long subs()(long x, long y, ref bool overflow);

Subtract two signed integers, checking for overflow.

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

int x	left operand
int y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(subs(2, -3, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(1, -int.max + 1, overflow) == int.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(int.min + 1, 1, overflow) == int.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(int.max, -1, overflow) == int.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(subs(int.min, 1, overflow) == int.max); assert(overflow);

assert(subs(0, 0, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(subs(2L, -3L, overflow) == 5); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(1L, -long.max + 1, overflow) == long.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(long.min + 1, 1, overflow) == long.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(-1L, long.min, overflow) == long.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(subs(long.max, -1, overflow) == long.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(subs(long.min, 1, overflow) == long.max); assert(overflow);

assert(subs(0L, 0L, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

uint subu()(uint x, uint y, ref bool overflow);

ulong subu()(ulong x, ulong y, ref bool overflow);

Subtract two unsigned integers, checking for overflow (aka borrow).

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

uint x	left operand
uint y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(subu(3, 2, overflow) == 1); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(uint.max, 1, overflow) == uint.max - 1); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(1, 1, overflow) == uint.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(0, 1, overflow) == uint.max); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(subu(uint.max - 1, uint.max, overflow) == uint.max); assert(overflow);

assert(subu(0, 0, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(subu(3UL, 2UL, overflow) == 1); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(ulong.max, 1, overflow) == ulong.max - 1); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(1UL, 1UL, overflow) == ulong.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(subu(0UL, 1UL, overflow) == ulong.max); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(subu(ulong.max - 1, ulong.max, overflow) == ulong.max); assert(overflow);

assert(subu(0UL, 0UL, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

int negs()(int x, ref bool overflow);

long negs()(long x, ref bool overflow);

Negate an integer.

Parameters:

int x	operand
bool overflow	set if x cannot be negated, is not affected otherwise

Returns:

the negation of x

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(negs(0, overflow) == -0); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(1234, overflow) == -1234); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(-5678, overflow) == 5678); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(int.min, overflow) == -int.min); assert(overflow);

assert(negs(0, overflow) == -0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(negs(0L, overflow) == -0); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(1234L, overflow) == -1234); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(-5678L, overflow) == 5678); assert(!overflow);

assert(negs(long.min, overflow) == -long.min); assert(overflow);

assert(negs(0L, overflow) == -0); assert(overflow);

int muls()(int x, int y, ref bool overflow);

long muls()(long x, long y, ref bool overflow);

Multiply two signed integers, checking for overflow.

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

int x	left operand
int y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(muls(2, 3, overflow) == 6); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(-200, 300, overflow) == -60_000); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(1, int.max, overflow) == int.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(int.min, 1, overflow) == int.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(int.max, 2, overflow) == (int.max * 2)); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(muls(int.min, -1, overflow) == int.min); assert(overflow);

assert(muls(0, 0, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

Examples:

bool overflow; assert(muls(2L, 3L, overflow) == 6); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(-200L, 300L, overflow) == -60_000); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(1, long.max, overflow) == long.max); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(long.min, 1L, overflow) == long.min); assert(!overflow);

assert(muls(long.max, 2L, overflow) == (long.max * 2)); assert(overflow); overflow = false;

assert(muls(-1L, long.min, overflow) == long.min); assert(overflow);

overflow = false; assert(muls(long.min, -1L, overflow) == long.min); assert(overflow);

assert(muls(0L, 0L, overflow) == 0); assert(overflow);

uint mulu()(uint x, uint y, ref bool overflow);

ulong mulu()(ulong x, uint y, ref bool overflow);

ulong mulu()(ulong x, ulong y, ref bool overflow);

Multiply two unsigned integers, checking for overflow (aka carry).

The overflow is sticky, meaning a sequence of operations can be done and overflow need only be checked at the end.

Parameters:

uint x	left operand
uint y	right operand
bool overflow	set if an overflow occurs, is not affected otherwise