Nilo Bugtai | De La Salle University (original) (raw)

Papers by Nilo Bugtai

Recoletos multidisciplinary research journal, Jun 30, 2023

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

This paper presents the use of EEG and servo motors to assist people with disabilities especially... more This paper presents the use of EEG and servo motors to assist people with disabilities especially for those suffering immobility from the neck down. More specifically, this study aimed to create an operational motor controller that is able to extract and read brain signals and convert them into usable commands to actuate the wheels of the wheelchair. It aims to develop a system to move the device in different locations with the use of motor speed control. The developed system includes an Emotiv Epoc X headset, which is an electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI), to extract raw EEG signals from the brain. The said device is connected to a computer via a Bluetooth USB dongle. Within the computer, both the user interface used and the Cortex API communicate. Extracted signals are then sent to the algorithm, which is stored in a web server, for classification. The classified signals were then used to control both the speed and direction of the servo motors used.

This paper developed an intelligent system application for the multi-label classification of pH l... more This paper developed an intelligent system application for the multi-label classification of pH levels. The pH is a measure of how acidic or how basic a substance is. The use of supervised learning methods may serve as a cheaper and more reliable alternative for pH level measurement. In this study, hue-saturation-value (HSV) color data were used for the training and testing the developed model. The obtained dataset has four field attributes including the output. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was the supervised learning tool used to model the classification system. 1410 samples from the dataset were used for the training (987 samples) and the testing (423 samples). Moreover, several kernel functions such as polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernel were examined when designing the classification system. Model evaluation through metric functions show that the trained SVM with a polynomial kernel has a 99.41% accuracy. As a result, the developed model was able to produce multiple decision hyperplanes for the multi-label classification task.

While innovative ideas are the basis for most startup companies, a prolific and supportive innova... more While innovative ideas are the basis for most startup companies, a prolific and supportive innovation ecosystem is needed for these ideas to come to fruition. A systematic method to properly determine and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a particular innovation ecosystem must be achieved. This research study presents a systematic evaluation of the Philippines' innovation ecosystem based on Oxentia's guide for evaluating a typical entrepreneurial ecosystem known as “The Elements Review”. This guide lists each element to be evaluated and grouped it into four areas: 1) Universities, 2) Government, 3) Businesses, and 4) the Third Sector. The original “Elements Review” used a color descriptor system to visualize the state of the innovation ecosystem. This research study proposed a number rating system to replace the color descriptor system. Each element was given a rating between 1 to 3. A rating of “1” is the lowest performance, while a rating of “3” is the highest performance. The average scores for each element area are Universities/RTOs = 2.33, Government = 2.4, Businesses/Industry = 2.5, and the Third Sector = 1.4.

... On the other hand, devices concentrating on the lower limb include the Lokomat of Hocoma AG i... more ... On the other hand, devices concentrating on the lower limb include the Lokomat of Hocoma AG in Volketswil, Switzerland, the Haptic Walker developed by the joint group from Fraunhofer 978-1-4244-4998-9/10/$25.00 ©2010 IEEE ...

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

Handwriting recognition poses a huge challenge in image processing due to the lack of defined cha... more Handwriting recognition poses a huge challenge in image processing due to the lack of defined character construction written by different people. This paper proposes a new technique addressing the research gap in the manual tuning enhancement of classification of handwritten Arabic numerals through introduction of image contouring in the pre-processing stage and its optimization using genetic algorithm (GA). Moreover, the study utilized image contouring techniques in extracting features of the image. Furthermore, the image contouring process was assisted by GA to optimize the tunings of the contours to maximize the features extracted. The experiment utilized the MNIST dataset for the training and testing. The accuracy per character varies due to the number of variations of a given character. Total accuracy of 99% was obtained during the testing.

Image preprocessing is a preceding technique that an image undergoes before being subject to a ma... more Image preprocessing is a preceding technique that an image undergoes before being subject to a main process. This is necessary since most unprocessed images are hard and sometimes impractical to manipulate. A color machine vision (CMV) system is an application where colors of a certain image is used with vision techniques. Some CMV applications in the industry include inspection, sorting, indication, detection, and measuring. However, CMV has limitations like proper lighting, camera calibration, etc. Due to its limitations, preprocessing techniques are essential to its success. With that, this paper proposed the application of quick color averaging as an image preprocessing technique for CMV applications. Color averaging is the process of changing the color values of the pixels of an image contour to the mean color value of all the pixels in the contour. From the results, this study concluded that color averaging using vision techniques is viable for image preprocessing in machine vision. Recommendations for future studies that may improve the color averaging process were also suggested.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2018

This paper presents the methodology for the design of a five-degree of freedom wearable robotic e... more This paper presents the methodology for the design of a five-degree of freedom wearable robotic exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation. The design is inspired by the biological structure and mechanism of the human hand. One of the distinct features of the device is the cable-driven actuation, which provides the flexion and extension motion. A prototype of the orthotic device has been developed to prove the model of the system and has been tested in a 3D printed mechanical hand. The result showed that the proposed device was consistent with the requirements of bionics and was able to demonstrate the flexion and extension of the system.

Tree diseases contribute to the reduction of forest areas over the years and early detection of t... more Tree diseases contribute to the reduction of forest areas over the years and early detection of these diseases is essential to prevent its rapid spread and eventually provide immediate cure. In this study, the Japanese pine wilt (JPW) and the Japanese oak wilt (JOW) diseases were used. These two tree diseases were detected using high-resolution satellite imagery. JPW is a lethal disease that brought damagr and devastation to the greater number of pine trees in Japan which is primarily brought by the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). JOW, on the other hand, is a vector-borne disease caused by a symbiotic fungus spreaded by the flying ambrosia beetle (Platypus quercivorus) that serves as a vector. A machine learning (ML) algorithm based on decision tree (DT) was implemented and programmed using the ML repository dataset obtained from the University of California, Irvine (UCI). The data will be used to classify image segments into two types: diseased or wilted trees, and others. The trained algorithm was able to classify the image segments with a high accuracy of 98.14%.

All manufacturing processes, from raw material processing to electronics fabrication, require qua... more All manufacturing processes, from raw material processing to electronics fabrication, require quality control to ensure consistency across all products of same specifications. It helps establish the reputation of a certain brand, gain customer loyalty, and maximize profit. In the bottle filling industry, it is important to ensure that the amount of product in each bottle is consistent with the packaging label. Less than that, the company may lose customers and face legal consequences; more and the company loses profit by giving more than what was marketed. This study makes use of a vision-based technique in detecting the liquid level in amber glass bottles. The proposed system has applied Python and OpenCV for the pre-processing and image processing. Moreover, the study was successful in detecting and classifying filled bottles into three categories: under-fill, within target and over-fill.

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

With the continuously growing number of applications of artificial neural networks (ANN), it has ... more With the continuously growing number of applications of artificial neural networks (ANN), it has reached the medical field by being able to support in performing medical decisions or clinical diagnosis. More particularly, the use of ANN has shown more promising results in the diagnosis of common illnesses in the Philippines such as the heart disease. In this study, ANN was utilized in order to assessed a condition of a patient and provide an effective and accurate prediction. To attain this objective, it is needed to gather and organize the patient’s data that includes the blood sugar, cholesterol, age, etc. Then, the said data was trained using ANN. From this study, an accurate prediction method or procedure could serve as a warning system that could avoid the expensive medical check-ups that many or some Filipinos could not afford in an instant.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Dec 28, 2022

Bioreactors are growing in popularity among network engineers. Bioreactors are generally chambers... more Bioreactors are growing in popularity among network engineers. Bioreactors are generally chambers used for cell culture processes with predetermined parameters. Pivot is a bioreactor system for cell culture that is controlled automatically and remotely using multichambers that allow inflow of fresh liquid or output for sample collection. This system facilitates gas exchange between the culture medium and ambient gas. The system provides a storage bag for fresh media and a peristaltic pump is used to move the media in a closed loop during perfusion and stirring in the cell culture chamber. The flow rates used is 2 mL/min. The system has a container for direct sample measurement to obtain pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide parameters. The bioreactor system is also equipped with a mixing vessel which allows the addition of desired nutrients or additives to the system. The results of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and shear stress-based flow analysis have been conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that the applied Pivot parameters correspond to an ideal environment to hepatocyte cell viability and growth. This research is expected to increase the number of cells produced without reducing the quality of each chamber and be carried out simultaneously, automatically, and remotely controlled.

The development of robotic exoskeletons is a young and active area of research in multidisciplina... more The development of robotic exoskeletons is a young and active area of research in multidisciplinary fields such as biomedical engineering. In upper extremity rehabilitation, several developments have been made for robotic exoskeletons to help regain motor function by means of repetitive and task-oriented exercises. However, the economics and availability of such devices remain an issue to be addressed especially for those in the developing regions where access to healthcare options are limited. This article presents an analysis of design criteria and considerations in manufacturing cost-effective robotic exoskeletons for upper extremity rehabilitation. A review of recently developed concepts, prototypes and commercially-available devices was performed to establish a set of guidelines in developing products with high feasibility for adoption. Most of the design criteria discussed in this article focused on wearability, safety, and performance. Finally, a discussion of the trend towards low-cost manufacturing was done to challenge researchers in addressing the need for a reliable and accessible healthcare system for upper extremity rehabilitation.

In the Philippines, one problem in the healthcare industry is the maldistribution of doctors, whi... more In the Philippines, one problem in the healthcare industry is the maldistribution of doctors, which greatly affects the accessibility of patients to proper healthcare. In 2015, 59.2% of deaths in the country are attributed as deaths unattended by a doctor. The use of a telepresence system is a viable solution as doctors can still provide healthcare services even his patients are situated remotely. One limitation of medical teleconsultation is the lack of medical features. This study developed a telepresence system, which includes a robot with integrated medical devices such as otoscope, stethoscope, and ultrasound probe. Also, the study integrated a wireless data hub that hosts the web application and electronic health record (EHR) management system. The database structure was created using MySQL. Using HTML5 and Flask, the web application was developed as a mean for users to create, store, and access the user and patient information, remotely control the movement of the robot, allow two-way video telecommunication with minimal delay even at low internet speeds of as low as 400Kbps, and receive real time feed from the medical devices integrated in the robot. Tested by invited medical professionals, the developed application has the following results on usability metrics: 93.89% completion rate, 93.58% over relative efficiency, highly satisfied users, and high system usability score (SUS) of 82.5.

Recoletos multidisciplinary research journal, Jun 30, 2023

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

This paper presents the use of EEG and servo motors to assist people with disabilities especially... more This paper presents the use of EEG and servo motors to assist people with disabilities especially for those suffering immobility from the neck down. More specifically, this study aimed to create an operational motor controller that is able to extract and read brain signals and convert them into usable commands to actuate the wheels of the wheelchair. It aims to develop a system to move the device in different locations with the use of motor speed control. The developed system includes an Emotiv Epoc X headset, which is an electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI), to extract raw EEG signals from the brain. The said device is connected to a computer via a Bluetooth USB dongle. Within the computer, both the user interface used and the Cortex API communicate. Extracted signals are then sent to the algorithm, which is stored in a web server, for classification. The classified signals were then used to control both the speed and direction of the servo motors used.

This paper developed an intelligent system application for the multi-label classification of pH l... more This paper developed an intelligent system application for the multi-label classification of pH levels. The pH is a measure of how acidic or how basic a substance is. The use of supervised learning methods may serve as a cheaper and more reliable alternative for pH level measurement. In this study, hue-saturation-value (HSV) color data were used for the training and testing the developed model. The obtained dataset has four field attributes including the output. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was the supervised learning tool used to model the classification system. 1410 samples from the dataset were used for the training (987 samples) and the testing (423 samples). Moreover, several kernel functions such as polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernel were examined when designing the classification system. Model evaluation through metric functions show that the trained SVM with a polynomial kernel has a 99.41% accuracy. As a result, the developed model was able to produce multiple decision hyperplanes for the multi-label classification task.

While innovative ideas are the basis for most startup companies, a prolific and supportive innova... more While innovative ideas are the basis for most startup companies, a prolific and supportive innovation ecosystem is needed for these ideas to come to fruition. A systematic method to properly determine and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a particular innovation ecosystem must be achieved. This research study presents a systematic evaluation of the Philippines' innovation ecosystem based on Oxentia's guide for evaluating a typical entrepreneurial ecosystem known as “The Elements Review”. This guide lists each element to be evaluated and grouped it into four areas: 1) Universities, 2) Government, 3) Businesses, and 4) the Third Sector. The original “Elements Review” used a color descriptor system to visualize the state of the innovation ecosystem. This research study proposed a number rating system to replace the color descriptor system. Each element was given a rating between 1 to 3. A rating of “1” is the lowest performance, while a rating of “3” is the highest performance. The average scores for each element area are Universities/RTOs = 2.33, Government = 2.4, Businesses/Industry = 2.5, and the Third Sector = 1.4.

... On the other hand, devices concentrating on the lower limb include the Lokomat of Hocoma AG i... more ... On the other hand, devices concentrating on the lower limb include the Lokomat of Hocoma AG in Volketswil, Switzerland, the Haptic Walker developed by the joint group from Fraunhofer 978-1-4244-4998-9/10/$25.00 ©2010 IEEE ...

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

Handwriting recognition poses a huge challenge in image processing due to the lack of defined cha... more Handwriting recognition poses a huge challenge in image processing due to the lack of defined character construction written by different people. This paper proposes a new technique addressing the research gap in the manual tuning enhancement of classification of handwritten Arabic numerals through introduction of image contouring in the pre-processing stage and its optimization using genetic algorithm (GA). Moreover, the study utilized image contouring techniques in extracting features of the image. Furthermore, the image contouring process was assisted by GA to optimize the tunings of the contours to maximize the features extracted. The experiment utilized the MNIST dataset for the training and testing. The accuracy per character varies due to the number of variations of a given character. Total accuracy of 99% was obtained during the testing.

Image preprocessing is a preceding technique that an image undergoes before being subject to a ma... more Image preprocessing is a preceding technique that an image undergoes before being subject to a main process. This is necessary since most unprocessed images are hard and sometimes impractical to manipulate. A color machine vision (CMV) system is an application where colors of a certain image is used with vision techniques. Some CMV applications in the industry include inspection, sorting, indication, detection, and measuring. However, CMV has limitations like proper lighting, camera calibration, etc. Due to its limitations, preprocessing techniques are essential to its success. With that, this paper proposed the application of quick color averaging as an image preprocessing technique for CMV applications. Color averaging is the process of changing the color values of the pixels of an image contour to the mean color value of all the pixels in the contour. From the results, this study concluded that color averaging using vision techniques is viable for image preprocessing in machine vision. Recommendations for future studies that may improve the color averaging process were also suggested.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2018

This paper presents the methodology for the design of a five-degree of freedom wearable robotic e... more This paper presents the methodology for the design of a five-degree of freedom wearable robotic exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation. The design is inspired by the biological structure and mechanism of the human hand. One of the distinct features of the device is the cable-driven actuation, which provides the flexion and extension motion. A prototype of the orthotic device has been developed to prove the model of the system and has been tested in a 3D printed mechanical hand. The result showed that the proposed device was consistent with the requirements of bionics and was able to demonstrate the flexion and extension of the system.

Tree diseases contribute to the reduction of forest areas over the years and early detection of t... more Tree diseases contribute to the reduction of forest areas over the years and early detection of these diseases is essential to prevent its rapid spread and eventually provide immediate cure. In this study, the Japanese pine wilt (JPW) and the Japanese oak wilt (JOW) diseases were used. These two tree diseases were detected using high-resolution satellite imagery. JPW is a lethal disease that brought damagr and devastation to the greater number of pine trees in Japan which is primarily brought by the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). JOW, on the other hand, is a vector-borne disease caused by a symbiotic fungus spreaded by the flying ambrosia beetle (Platypus quercivorus) that serves as a vector. A machine learning (ML) algorithm based on decision tree (DT) was implemented and programmed using the ML repository dataset obtained from the University of California, Irvine (UCI). The data will be used to classify image segments into two types: diseased or wilted trees, and others. The trained algorithm was able to classify the image segments with a high accuracy of 98.14%.

All manufacturing processes, from raw material processing to electronics fabrication, require qua... more All manufacturing processes, from raw material processing to electronics fabrication, require quality control to ensure consistency across all products of same specifications. It helps establish the reputation of a certain brand, gain customer loyalty, and maximize profit. In the bottle filling industry, it is important to ensure that the amount of product in each bottle is consistent with the packaging label. Less than that, the company may lose customers and face legal consequences; more and the company loses profit by giving more than what was marketed. This study makes use of a vision-based technique in detecting the liquid level in amber glass bottles. The proposed system has applied Python and OpenCV for the pre-processing and image processing. Moreover, the study was successful in detecting and classifying filled bottles into three categories: under-fill, within target and over-fill.

2021 IEEE 13th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM), Nov 28, 2021

With the continuously growing number of applications of artificial neural networks (ANN), it has ... more With the continuously growing number of applications of artificial neural networks (ANN), it has reached the medical field by being able to support in performing medical decisions or clinical diagnosis. More particularly, the use of ANN has shown more promising results in the diagnosis of common illnesses in the Philippines such as the heart disease. In this study, ANN was utilized in order to assessed a condition of a patient and provide an effective and accurate prediction. To attain this objective, it is needed to gather and organize the patient’s data that includes the blood sugar, cholesterol, age, etc. Then, the said data was trained using ANN. From this study, an accurate prediction method or procedure could serve as a warning system that could avoid the expensive medical check-ups that many or some Filipinos could not afford in an instant.

International Journal of Technology: IJ Tech, Dec 28, 2022

Bioreactors are growing in popularity among network engineers. Bioreactors are generally chambers... more Bioreactors are growing in popularity among network engineers. Bioreactors are generally chambers used for cell culture processes with predetermined parameters. Pivot is a bioreactor system for cell culture that is controlled automatically and remotely using multichambers that allow inflow of fresh liquid or output for sample collection. This system facilitates gas exchange between the culture medium and ambient gas. The system provides a storage bag for fresh media and a peristaltic pump is used to move the media in a closed loop during perfusion and stirring in the cell culture chamber. The flow rates used is 2 mL/min. The system has a container for direct sample measurement to obtain pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide parameters. The bioreactor system is also equipped with a mixing vessel which allows the addition of desired nutrients or additives to the system. The results of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and shear stress-based flow analysis have been conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that the applied Pivot parameters correspond to an ideal environment to hepatocyte cell viability and growth. This research is expected to increase the number of cells produced without reducing the quality of each chamber and be carried out simultaneously, automatically, and remotely controlled.

The development of robotic exoskeletons is a young and active area of research in multidisciplina... more The development of robotic exoskeletons is a young and active area of research in multidisciplinary fields such as biomedical engineering. In upper extremity rehabilitation, several developments have been made for robotic exoskeletons to help regain motor function by means of repetitive and task-oriented exercises. However, the economics and availability of such devices remain an issue to be addressed especially for those in the developing regions where access to healthcare options are limited. This article presents an analysis of design criteria and considerations in manufacturing cost-effective robotic exoskeletons for upper extremity rehabilitation. A review of recently developed concepts, prototypes and commercially-available devices was performed to establish a set of guidelines in developing products with high feasibility for adoption. Most of the design criteria discussed in this article focused on wearability, safety, and performance. Finally, a discussion of the trend towards low-cost manufacturing was done to challenge researchers in addressing the need for a reliable and accessible healthcare system for upper extremity rehabilitation.

In the Philippines, one problem in the healthcare industry is the maldistribution of doctors, whi... more In the Philippines, one problem in the healthcare industry is the maldistribution of doctors, which greatly affects the accessibility of patients to proper healthcare. In 2015, 59.2% of deaths in the country are attributed as deaths unattended by a doctor. The use of a telepresence system is a viable solution as doctors can still provide healthcare services even his patients are situated remotely. One limitation of medical teleconsultation is the lack of medical features. This study developed a telepresence system, which includes a robot with integrated medical devices such as otoscope, stethoscope, and ultrasound probe. Also, the study integrated a wireless data hub that hosts the web application and electronic health record (EHR) management system. The database structure was created using MySQL. Using HTML5 and Flask, the web application was developed as a mean for users to create, store, and access the user and patient information, remotely control the movement of the robot, allow two-way video telecommunication with minimal delay even at low internet speeds of as low as 400Kbps, and receive real time feed from the medical devices integrated in the robot. Tested by invited medical professionals, the developed application has the following results on usability metrics: 93.89% completion rate, 93.58% over relative efficiency, highly satisfied users, and high system usability score (SUS) of 82.5.