Abiotic pollen and pollination: Ecological, functional, and evolutionary perspectives (original) (raw)
- Ackerman J. D. (1989) Biomechanical aspects of submarine pollination in_Zostera marina_ L. Doctoral Dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D. (1993) Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the marine angiosperm,Zostera marina L. Aquat. Bot. 46: 189–202.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D. (1995) Convergence of filiform pollen morphologies in seagrasses: Functional mechanisms. Evol. Ecol. 9: 139–153.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D. (1997a) Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm,Zostera marina: Part I. The influence of floral morphology on fluid flow. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 1099–1109.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D. (1997b) Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm,Zostera marina: Part II. Pollen transport in flow fields and capture by stigmas. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 1110–1119.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D. (1998) Is the limited diversity of higher plants in marine systems due to biophysical limitations for reproduction or evolutionary and physiological constraints? Funct. Ecol. 12: 979–982.
Google Scholar - Ackerman J. D., Okubo A. (1993) Reduced mixing in a marine macrophyte canopy. Funct. Ecol. 7: 305–309.
Google Scholar - Arber A. (1920) Water Plants, A Study of Aquatic Angiosperms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Google Scholar - Balfour B. (1879) On the genus_Halophila_. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. 13: 290–343 (+5 plates).
Google Scholar - Barrett S. C. H., Eckert C. G. (1990) Variation and evolution of mating systems in seed plants. In: Kawano S. (ed.) Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trend in Plants. Academic Press, New York, pp. 229–254.
Google Scholar - Berry P. E., Calvo R. N. (1989) Wind pollination, self-incompatibility, and altitudinal shifts in pollination systems in the high Andean genus_Espeletia_ (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot. 76: 1602–1614.
Google Scholar - Bornet D. M. (1864) Recherches sur le_Phucagrostis major_ Cavol. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot (Sr. 5) 1: 5–51 (+11 plates).
Google Scholar - Bowman H. H. M. (1922) The distribution and pollination of certain sea-grasses. Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 22: 3–10 (+4 plates).
Google Scholar - Buchmann S. L., O'Rourke M. K., Niklas K. J. (1989) Aerodynamic of_Ephedra trifurca._ III Selective pollen capture by pollination droplets. Bot. Gaz. 150: 122–131.
Google Scholar - Bullock S. H. (1994) Wind pollination of neotropical deciduous trees. Biotropica 26: 172–179.
Google Scholar - Burd M. (1994) Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: The role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Bot. Rev. 60: 83–139.
Google Scholar - Charlesworth D. (1993) Why are unisexual flowers associated with wind pollination and unspecialized pollinators? Am. Nat. 141: 481–490.
Google Scholar - Corbet S. A., Beament L., Eisikowitch D. (1982) Are electrostatic forces involved in pollen transfer? Plant Cell Environ. 5: 125–129.
Google Scholar - Cook C. D. K. (1982) Pollination mechanisms in the Hydrocharitaceae. In: Symoens J. J., Hooper S. S., Compère P. (eds.) Studies on Aquatic Vascular Plants. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium, Brussels, pp. 1–15.
Google Scholar - Cook C. D. K. (1988) Wind pollination in aquatic angiosperms. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 768–777.
Google Scholar - Cook C. D. K. (1996) The Aquatic Plant Book. SPB Academic Publishing, New York.
Google Scholar - Cox P. A. (1988) Hydrophilous pollination. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19: 261–280.
Google Scholar - Cox P. A. (1991) Abiotic pollination: An evolutionary escape for animal pollinated angiosperms. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 333: 217–224.
Google Scholar - Crane P. R. (1986) Form and function in wind dispersed pollen. In: Blackmore S., Ferguson I. K. (eds.) Pollen and Spores: Form and Function. Academic, London, pp. 179–202.
Google Scholar - Cronquist A. (1988) The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. 2nd edn. New York Botanical Gardens, New York.
Google Scholar - Cruden R. W. (2000) Pollen grains: why so many? In: Dafni A., Pacini E., Hesse M. (ed) Pollen and Pollination. Springer, Berlin, pp. 143–165.
Google Scholar - Dafni A., Dukas R. (1986) Insect and wind pollination in_Urginea martima_ (Liliaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 154: 1–10.
Google Scholar - Dafni A., Firmage D. (2000) Pollen longevity: Practical, ecological and evolutionary implications. In: Dafni A., Pacini E., Hesse M. (eds.) Pollen and Pollination. Springer, Berlin, pp. 113–132.
Google Scholar - DeCock A. W. A. M. (1980) Flowering, pollination and fruiting in_Zostera marina_ L. Aquat. Bot. 9: 201–220.
Google Scholar - Delpino F., Ascherson P. (1871) Federico Delpino's Eintheilung der Pflanzen nach dem Mechanismus der dichogamischen Befruchtung und Bemerkungen über die Befruchtungs-Vorgänge bei Wasserpflanzen (Aus dessen, Ulteriori osservazioni sulla dicogamia nel regno vegetabile Part II. Fasc. I. [Atti della soc. ital. di sc. nat. XIII, 1870] migetheilt und mit einigen Zusätzen versehen von P. Ascherson. Bot. Zeit. 29: 443–5, 447–59, 463–7.
Google Scholar - den Hartog C. (1970) The Sea-Grasses of the World. North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam.
Google Scholar - Diez M. J., Talavera S., Garcia-Murillo P. (1988) Contributions to the palynology of hydrophytic, non-entomophilous angiosperms. 1. Studies with LM and SEM. Candollea 43: 147–158.
Google Scholar - Ducker S. C., Knox R. B. (1976) Submarine pollination in seagrasses. Nature 263: 705–706.
Google Scholar - Ducker S. C., Pettitt J. M., Knox R. B. (1978) Biology of Australian seagrasses: Pollen development and submarine pollination in_Amphibolis antarctica_ and_Thalassodendron ciliatum_ (Cymodoceaceae). Aus. J. Bot. 26: 265–85.
Google Scholar - Dudley W. R. (1893) The genus_Phyllospadix_. In The Wilder Quarter-Century Book. Comstock Press, Ithaca, pp. 403–420 + 2 plates.
Google Scholar - Erickson E. H., Buchmann S. L. (1983) Electrostatics and pollination. In: Jones C. E., Little R. J. (eds.) Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Google Scholar - Esau K. (1977) Anatomy of Seed Plants. 2nd edn. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
Google Scholar - Faegri K., van der Pijl L. (1979) The Principles of Pollination Ecology, 3rd edn. Pergamon, Oxford.
Google Scholar - Forgacs O. L., Mason S. G. (1958) The flexibility of wood-pulp fibers. TAPPI 41: 695–704.
Google Scholar - Gan-Mor S., Schwartz Y., Bechar A., Eisikowitch D., Manor G. (1995) Relevance of electrostatic forces in natural and artificial pollination. Can. Agricult. Engin. 37: 189–194.
Google Scholar - Gomez J. M., Zamora R. (1996) Wind pollination in high-mountain populations of_Hormathophylla spinosa_ (Cruciferae). Amer. J. Bot. 83: 580–585.
Google Scholar - Goodwillie C. (1999) Wind pollination and reproductive assurance in_Linanthus parviflora_ (Polemoniaceae), a self-incompatible annual. Amer. J. Bot. 86: 948–954.
Google Scholar - Grace J. B. (1993) The adaptive significance of clonal reproduction in angiosperms: an aquatic perspective. Aquat. Bot. 44: 159–180.
Google Scholar - Guo Y. H., Sperry R., Cook C. D. K., Cox P. A. (1990) The pollination ecology of_Zannichelia palustris_ L. (Zannicheliaceae). Aquat. Bot. 38: 29–45.
Google Scholar - Hamrick J. L., Godt M. J. W., Sherman-Broyles S. L. (1995) Gene flow among plant populations: Evidence from genetic markers. In: Hoch P. G., Stevenson A. G. (eds.) Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosystematics. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, pp. 215–232.
Google Scholar - Harder L. D. (1998) Pollen-size comparisons among animal-pollinated angiosperms with different pollination characteristics. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 64: 513–525.
Google Scholar - Haynes R. R. (1988) Reproductive biology of selected aquatic plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 805–810.
Google Scholar - Honig M. A., Linder H. P., Bond W. J. (1992) Efficacy of wind pollination: Pollen load size and natural microgametophyte populations in windpollinated_Staberoha banksii_. Amer. J. Bot. 79: 443–448.
Google Scholar - Iwanami Y., Sasakuma T., Yamada Y. (1988) Pollen: Illustrations and Scanning Electronmicrographs. Springer, Berlin.
Google Scholar - Kausik S. B., Rao P. K. V. (1942) The male gametophyte of_Halophila ovata_ Gaudich. Halfyrly J. Mys. Univ. 3: 41–49.
Google Scholar - Knuth P. (1906) Handbook of Flower Pollination, Based Upon Hermann Müller's Work ‘Fertilisation of Flowers by Insects’. Volume I: Introduction and Literature. Translated by J. R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford University Press, London.
Google Scholar - Koopman B. O. (1956) The theory of search: II Target detection. Oper. Res. 4: 503–531.
Google Scholar - Lacroix C. R., Kemp J. R. (1997) Developmental morphology of the androecium ad gynoecium in_Ruppia maritima_ L.: Considerations for pollination. Aquat. Bot. 59: 253–262.
Google Scholar - Les D. H. (1988) Breeding systems, population structure, and evolution in hydrophilous angiosperms. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 819–835.
Google Scholar - Les D. H., Cleland M. A., Waycott M. (1997) Phylogenetic studies in the Alismatidae, II: Evolution of marine angiosperms (seagrasses) and hydrophily. Syst. Bot. 22: 443–463.
Google Scholar - Linder H. P., Midgley J. (1996) Anemophilous plants select pollen from their own species from the air. Oecologia 108: 85–87.
Google Scholar - Listabarth C. (1992) Insect-induced wind pollination in the palm_Chamaedorea pinnatifrons_ and pollination in the related_Weldlandiella_. Biodiv. Conserv. 1: 39–50.
Google Scholar - Mahabale T. S. (1968) Spores and pollen grains of water plants and their dispersal. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 7: 285–296.
Google Scholar - Martinsson K. (1993) The pollen of Swedish_Callitriche_ (Callitricaceae) — trends towards submergence. Grana 32: 198–193.
Google Scholar - Midgley J. J., Bond W. J. (1991a) How important is biotic pollination and dispersal to the success of the angiosperms? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 333: 209–215.
Google Scholar - Midgley J. J., Bond W. J. (1991b) Ecological aspects of the rise of angiosperms: A challenge to the reproductive superiority hypothesis. Biol. J. Linn. Aoc. 44: 8–92.
Google Scholar - Nicholls M. S., Cook C. D. K. (1986) The function of pollen tetrads in_Typha_ (Typhaphaceae). Verhoff. Geobot. Inst. Zurich 87: 112–119.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J. (1985) The aerodynamics of wind pollination. Bot. Rev. 51: 328–386.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J. (1992) Plant Biomechanics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J. (1997) The Evolutionary Biology of Plants. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J., Buchmann S. (1987) The aerodynamics of pollen capture in two sympatric_Ephedra_ species. Evol. 41: 104–123.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J., Buchmann S. (1988) Aerobiology and pollen capture in orchard-grown_Pistacia vera_ (Anacardiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 75: 1813–1829.
Google Scholar - Niklas K. J., Paw U. K. T. (1983) Conifer ovulate cone morphology: Implications on pollen impaction patterns. Amer. J. Bot. 70: 568–577.
Google Scholar - Nixon S. W. (1988) Physical energy inputs and the comparative ecology of lake and marine ecosystems. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 1005–1025.
Google Scholar - Norstog K. J., Stevenson D. W., Niklas K. J. (1986) The role of beetles in the pollination of_Zamia furfuracea_ L. fil. (Zamiaceae). Biotropica 18: 300–306.
Google Scholar - Osborne J. M., Philbrick C. T. (1994) Comparative pollen structure and pollination biology in the Callitrichaceae. Acta. Bot. Gallica 141: 257–266.
Google Scholar - Pascasio J. F., Santos J. K. (1930) A critical morphological study of_Thalassia hemprichii_ (Ehrenb.) Aschers. from the Philippines. Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 1: 1–19.
Google Scholar - Payne W. W. (1981) Structure and function in angiosperm pollen wall evolution. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 35: 35–59.
Google Scholar - Perveen A., Qaiser M. (1996) Pollen flora of Pakistan — V. Haloragaceae. Pak. J. Bot. 28: 21–24.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J. M. (1976) Pollen wall and stigma surface in the marine angiosperms_Thalassia_ and_Thalassodendron_. Micron 7: 21–32.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J. M. (1981) Reproduction in seagrasses: Pollen development in_Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila stipulacea_, and_Thalassodendron ciliatum_. Ann. Bot. 48: 609–622.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J. M. (1984) Aspects of flowering and pollination in marine angiosperms. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 22: 315–342.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J., Ducker S., Knox B. (1981) Submarine pollination. Sci. Amer. 244: 131–143.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J. M., Ducker S. C., Knox R. B. (1978)Amphibolis has no exine. Helobiae Newsletter 2: 19–21.
Google Scholar - Pettitt J. M., Jermy A. C. (1975) Pollen in hydrophilous angiosperms. Micron 5: 377–405.
Google Scholar - Philbrick C. T. (1984) Pollen tube growth within vegetative tissues of_Callitriche_ (Callitrichaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 71: 882–886.
Google Scholar - Philbrick C. T., Anderson G. J. (1987) Implications of pollen/ovule ratios and pollen size for the reproductive biology of_Potamogeton_ and autogamy in aquatic angiosperms. Syst. Bot. 12: 98–105.
Google Scholar - Philbrick C. T., Bernardello L. M. (1992) Taxonomic and geographic distribution of internal geitonogamy in new world_Callitriche_ (Callitrichaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 79: 887–890.
Google Scholar - Philbrick C. T., Retana A. N. (1998) Flowering phenology, pollen flow, and seed production in_Marathrum rubrum_ (Podostemaceae). Aquat. Bot. 62: 199–206.
Google Scholar - Proctor M., Yeo P., Lack A. (1996) Natural History of Pollination. Timber Press, Portland.
Google Scholar - Raven P. H., Evert R. F., Eichhorn S. E. (1999) Biology of Plants. 6th edn. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
Google Scholar - Regal P. J. (1982) Pollination by wind and animals: Ecology and geographic patterns. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13: 497–524.
Google Scholar - Renner S. S., Ricklefs R. E. (1995) Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants. Amer. J. Bot. 82: 596–606.
Google Scholar - Rosenberg O. (1901) Ueber die Pollenbildung von_Zostera_. Meddh. Stockh. Högskolas. Bot. Inst. 4: 3–21.
Google Scholar - Ruckleshaus M. H. (1995) Estimation of outcrossing rates and of inbreeding depression in a population of the marine angiosperm,Zostera marina. Mar. Biol. 123: 583–593.
Google Scholar - Runions C. J., Rensing K. H., Takaso T., Owens J. N. (1999) Pollination of_Picea orientalis_ (Pinaceae): Saccus morphology governs pollen buoyancy. Amer. J. Bot. 86: 190–197.
Google Scholar - Schemske D. W., Lande R. (1985) The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. II Empirical observations. Evol. 39: 41–52.
Google Scholar - Schoen D. J., Stewart S. S. (1986) Variation in male reproductive investment and male reproductive success in white spruce. Evol. 40: 1109–1120.
Google Scholar - Sculthorpe C. D. (1967) The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants. Edward Arnold, London.
Google Scholar - Smith J. P. (1977) Vascular Plant Families. Mad River Press, Eureka.
Google Scholar - Stelleman P. (1984) Reflections on the transition from wind pollination to ambophily. Acta. Bot. Neerl. 33: 497–508.
Google Scholar - Stewart J. G., Rüdenberg L. (1980) Microsporocyte growth and meiosis in_Phyllospadix torreyi_, a marine monocotyledon. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 949–954.
Google Scholar - Sullivan G., Titus J. E. (1996) Physical site characteristics limit pollination and fruit set in the dioecious hydrophilous species,Vallisneria americana. Oecologia 108: 285–292.
Google Scholar - Svedelius N. (1932) On the different types of pollination in_Vallisneria spiralis_ L. and_Vallisneria americana_ Michx. Svensk Bot. Tidskrift 26: 1–12.
Google Scholar - Thanikaimoni G. (1986) Pollen apertures: form and function. In: Blackmore S., Ferguson I. K. (eds.) Pollen and Spores: Form and Function. Academic, London, pp. 119–136.
Google Scholar - Thorne R. F. (1992) Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot. Rev. 58: 225–348.
Google Scholar - Tomlinson P. B. (1982) Anatomy of the Monocotyledon: VII Helobiae (Alismatidae). Oxford University Press, New York.
Google Scholar - Tomlinson P. B. (1994) Functional morphology of saccate pollen in conifers with special reference to Podocarpaceae. Int. J. Plant. Sci. 155: 699–715.
Google Scholar - Vaknin Y., Gan-mor S., Bechar A., Ronen B., Eisikowitch D. (2000) The role of electrostatics forces in pollination. In: Dafni A., Pacini E., Hesse M. (eds.) Pollen and Pollination. Springer, Berlin, pp. 133–142.
Google Scholar - Verduin J. J. (1996)In situ submarine pollination in the seagrass_Amphibolis antartica_ (Labill.) Sonder_et_ Aschers.ex Aschers. And its relations to hydrodynamics. In: Kuo J., Phillips R. C., Walker D. I., Kirkman H. (eds.) Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop. University of Western Australia, Nedlands, pp. 123–128.
Google Scholar - Verduin J. J., Walker D. I., Kuo J. (1996)In situ submarine pollination in the seagrass_Amphibolis antartica_: Research notes. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 133: 307–309.
Google Scholar - Vidakovic M. (1991) Conifers: Morphology and Variation. Graficki Zavod Hrvatske, Croatia.
Google Scholar - Vogel S. (1994) Life in Moving Fluids, 2nd edn. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Google Scholar - Vroege P. W., Stelleman P. (1990) Insect and wind pollination in_Salix repens_ L. and_Salix caprea_ L. Israel J. Bot. 39: 125–132.
Google Scholar - Waycott M., Sampson J. F. (1997) The mating system of an hydrophilous angiosperm_Posidonia australis_ (Posidoniaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 84: 621–665.
Google Scholar - Whitehead D. R. (1983) Wind Pollination: Some ecological and evolutionary perspectives. In: Real L. (ed.) Pollination Biology. Academic, New York, pp. 97–108.
Google Scholar - Yamashita T. (1976) Über die Pollenbildung bei_Halodule pinifolia_ und_H. uninervis_. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 52: 217–226.
Google Scholar - Zomlefer W. B. (1994) Guide to Flowering Plant Families. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Google Scholar