Lipid chemotaxins isolated from culture filtrates ofEscherichia coli and from oxidized lipids (original) (raw)

Abstract

Lipid extracts of sterile culture filtrates of_Escherichia coli_ were shown to contain approximately 75% of the chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and rabbit alveolar macrophages. Fractionation and purification of these lipids revealed the presence of many unknown lipids of widely different properties, but all were anionic and at very low concentrations, chemotactic. The only one of active molecules that could be identified was an unsaturated ultraviolet-absorbing hydroxy fatty acid, which, following catalytic reduction with hydrogen, was found to be hydroxyeicosanoic acid. This fatty acid's Chromatographic behavior was very similar to that of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), which is a potent chemotaxin for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Unknown chemotaxins could be generated by the oxidation of known unsaturated lipids. Prostaglandins A2 and E2 produced potent chemotaxins upon aerobic oxidation. Malonaldehyde, a peroxidation product of unsaturated lipids, when reacted with phosphatidylethanolamine in aerobic conditions, also produced strong chemotactic agents. The chemotactic activity of these products could be destroyed by catalytic reduction with hydrogen and by methylation with dry methanolic HCl. These data indicate that the nonenzymatic oxidation of unsaturated lipids generates some products that are potent chemotaxins for mammalian inflammatory cells.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lynn, W.S., S. Munoz, J.A. Campbell, andP.W. Jeff. 1974. Chemotaxis and cotton extracts.Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 221:163–173.
    Google Scholar
  2. Lynn, W.S., S.R. Turner, andJ.A. Tainer. 1975. Non-peptide chemotaxins isolated from bacterial growth media.Microbiology 2:202–205.
    Google Scholar
  3. Turner, S.R., J.A. Campbell, andW.S. Lynn. 1975. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis toward oxidized lipids.J. Exp. Med. 141:1437–1441.
    Google Scholar
  4. Turner, S.R., J.A. Tainer, andW.S. Lynn. 1975. Biogenesis of chemotactic molecules by the arachidonate lipoxygenase system of platelets.Nature 257:680–681.
    Google Scholar
  5. Tainer, J.A., S.R. Turner, andW.S. Lynn. 1975. New aspects of chemotaxis.Am. J. Pathol. 81:401–408.
    Google Scholar
  6. Russel, R.J., P.C. McInroy, P.C. Wilkinson, andR.G. White. 1976. Influence of corticosteroids on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes function in vivo.Immunology 30:935–949.
    Google Scholar
  7. Ford-Hutchinson, A.W., M.J.H. Smith, andJ.R. Walker. 1976. Chemotactic activity of solution of prostaglandin E1.Br. J. Pharmacol. 56:345P-346P.
    Google Scholar
  8. Wilkinson, P.C. 1972. Characterization of chemotactic activity for neutrophil leukocytes and macrophages.Experentia 28:1051–1052.
    Google Scholar
  9. Ward, P.A., C.G. Cochrane, andH.J. Müller-Eberhard. 1966. Further studies on chemotactic factor of complements.Immunology 11:141–153.
    Google Scholar
  10. Snyderman, R., J. Phillips, andS.E. Mergenhegan. 1970. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic activity in rabbit serum and guinea pig serum treated with immune complexes.Infect. Immun. 1:521–525.
    Google Scholar
  11. Wurster, B., P, Pan, G. Tyan, andJ.T. Bonner. 1976. Preliminary characterization of acrasin for cellular slime mold_Polysphondylium violaceum_.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:795–799.
    Google Scholar
  12. Schiffman, E., H.V. Showell, B.A. Corcoran, P.A. Ward, E. Smith, andE.L. Becker. 1975. Isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from_E. coli_.J. Immunol. 114:1831–1837.
    Google Scholar
  13. Schiffman, E., B.A. Corcoran, andS.M. Wahl. 1975. N-formylmethionyl peptides as chemoattractants for leukocytes.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72:1059–1062.
    Google Scholar
  14. Showell, H.J., R.J. Freer, S.H. Zigmond, E. Schiffman, S. Aswanikumar, B.A. Corcoran, andE.L. Becker. 1976. Structure-activity relations of synthetic peptides as chemotactic factors and inducers of lysosomal enzyme secretion for neutrophils.J. Exp. Med. 143:1154–1169.
    Google Scholar
  15. Folch, J., M. Lees, andG.A. Sloan-Stanley. 1957. A simple method for isolation and purification of lipids from animal tissue.J. Biol. Chem. 226:497–509.
    Google Scholar
  16. Sahu, S., R.P. DiAugustine, andW.S. Lynn. 1976. Lipids found in pulmonary lavage and in rabbit lung lamellar organelles.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 114:177–185.
    Google Scholar
  17. Bills, T.K., B. Smith, andM. Silver. 1976. Metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 424:303–314.
    Google Scholar
  18. Rouser, G., G. Kirtchevsky, A. Yamamoto, G. Simon, C. Galli, andA.J. Bauman. 1969. DEAE and TEAE-cellulose column chromatography.Methods Enzymol. 14:272–317.
    Google Scholar
  19. Trombley, R., andA. Tappel. 1975. Fractionation and analysis of fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation.Lipids 10:441–447.
    Google Scholar
  20. Bartlett, G.R. 1959. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography.J. Biol. Chem. 234:466.
    Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durham, North Carolina
    Saura Sahu & William S. Lynn

Authors

  1. Saura Sahu
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
  2. William S. Lynn
    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sahu, S., Lynn, W.S. Lipid chemotaxins isolated from culture filtrates of_Escherichia coli_ and from oxidized lipids.Inflammation 2, 47–54 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00920874

Download citation

Keywords