Parkin and defective ubiquitination in Parkinson’s disease (original) (raw)

Summary

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons. Accompanying the loss the of DA neurons is the accumulation of Lewy bodies and neurites, intracytoplasmic proteinaceous inclusions that contain alphasynuclein, synphilin-1, components of the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway and parkin. Recent advances indicate that PD is due in some individuals to genetic mutations in alpha-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK-1, LRRK2, and parkin. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mutations in familial-linked genes cause PD holds great promise for unraveling the mechanisms by which DA neurons degenerate in PD. Parkin is E3-ubiquitinprotein ligase that ubiquitinates itself and promotes its own degradation. Familial associated mutations of parkin have impaired ubiquitin ligase function suggesting that this may be the cause of familial autosomal recessive PD. Parkin might be required for formation of Lewy bodies as Lewy bodies are absent in patients with parkin mutations. Parkin interacts with and ubiquitinates the alphasynuclein interacting protein, synphilin-1. Formation of Lewy-body-like ubiquitinpositive cytosolic inclusions occurs upon coexpression of alpha-synuclein, synphilin-1 and parkin. Nitric oxide inhibits Parkin’s E-3 ligase activity and its protective function by nitric oxide through _S_-nitrosylation both in vitro and in vivo. Nitrosative and oxidative stress link parkin function with the more common sporadic form of Parkinson’s disease and the related α-synucleinopathy, DLBD. Development of new therapies for PD and other disorders associated with nitrosative and oxidative stress may follow the elucidation of the pathways by which NO _S_-nitrosylates and inhibits parkin. Moreover, parkin and alpha-synuclein are linked in common pathogenic mechanism through their interaction with synphilin-1 and parkin may be important for the formation of Lewy bodies.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 Broadway Street Suite 731, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
   T. M. Dawson MD, PhD

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1. T. M. Dawson MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Würzburg, Germany
   P. Riederer & M. Gerlach &
2. Universitätsklinikum der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
   H. Reichmann
3. Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
   M. B. H. Youdim

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag

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Dawson, T.M. (2006). Parkin and defective ubiquitination in Parkinson’s disease. In: Riederer, P., Reichmann, H., Youdim, M.B.H., Gerlach, M. (eds) Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders. Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, vol 70. Springer, Vienna . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0\_32

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• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0\_32
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