Immune Evasion Strategies of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (original) (raw)
Adams DH, Lloyd AR (1997) Chemokines: leucocyte recruitment and activation cytokines. Lancet 349:490–495 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ahn K, Gruhler A, Galocha B, Jones TR, Wiertz EJ, Ploegh HL, Peterson PA, Yang Y, Fruh K (1997) The ER-luminal domain of the HCMV glycoprotein US6 inhibits peptide translocation by TAP. Immunity 6:613–621 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Aoki Y, Jaffe ES, Chang Y, Jones K, Teruya-Feldstein J, Moore PS, Tosato G (1999) Angiogenesis and hematopoiesis induced by Kaposi–s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded interleukin-6 [see comments]. Blood 93:4034–4043 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Arvanitakis L, Geras-Raaka E. Varma A, Gershengorn MC, Cesarman E (1997) Human herpesvirus KSHV encodes a constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptor linked to cell proliferation. Nature 385:347–350 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Azuma M, Cayabyab M, Buck D, Phillips JH, Lanier LL (1992) Involvement of CD28 in MHC-unre-stricted cytotoxicity mediated by a human natural killer leukemia cell line. J Immunol 149:1115–1123 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bais C, Santomasso B, Coso O. Arvanitakis L, Raaka EG, Gutkind JS, Asch AS, Cesarman E, Gershengorn MC, Mesri EA (1998) G-protein-coupled receptor of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a viral oncogene and angiogenesis activator. Nature 391:86–89 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bergquam EP, Avery N, Shiigi SM, Axthelm MK, Wong SW (1999) Rhesus rhadinovirus establishes a latent infection in B lymphocytes in vivo. J Virol 73:7874–7876 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Biron CA, Nguyen KB, Pien GC, Cousens LP, Salazar-Mather TP (1999) Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol 17:189–220 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Blasig C, Zietz C, Haar B, Neipel F, Esser S, Brockmeyer NH. Tschachler E, Colombini S, Ensoli B, Sturzl M (1997) Monocytes in Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions are productively infected by human herpesvirus 8. J Virol 71:7963–7968 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Blery M, Olcese L, Vivier E (2000) Early signaling via inhibitory and activating NK receptors. Hum Immunol 61:51–64 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boshoff C, Endo Y, Collins PD, Takeuchi Y, Reeves JD, Schweickart VL, Siani MA, Sasaki T, Williams TJ, Gray PW, et al. (1997) Angiogenic and HIV-inhibitory functions of KSHV-encoded chemokines [see comments]. Science 278:290–294 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Bottino C, Biassoni R, Millo R, Moretta L, Moretta A (2000) The human natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) that induce HLA class 1-independent NK cell triggering. Hum Immunol 61:1–6 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Browning PJ, Sechler JM, Kaplan M, Washington RH, Gendelman R, Yarchoan R, Ensoli B, Gallo RC (1994) Identification and culture of Kaposi’s sarcoma-like spindle cells from the peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals and normal controls [see comments]. Blood 84:2711–2720 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Burysek L, Yeow WS, Lubyova B, Kellum M, Schafer SL, Huang YQ, Pitha PM (1999) Functional analysis of human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 and its association with cellular interferon regulatory factors and p300. J Virol 73:7334–7342 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore PS, Said JW, Knowles DM (1995) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Her-pesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. N Engl J Med 332:1186–1191 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cesarman E, Mesri EA, Gershengorn MC (2000) Viral G protein-coupled receptor and Kaposi’s sarcoma: a model of paracrine neoplasia? [comment]. J Exp Med 191:417–422 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cesarman E, Nador RG, Bai F, Bohenzky RA, Russo JJ, Moore PS, Chang Y, Knowles DM (1996) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus contains G protein-coupled receptor and cyclin D homologs which are expressed in Kaposi’s sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. J Virol 70:8218–8223 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chang Y (1997) Kaposi’s Sacoma and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (human Herpesvirus 8): Where are we now J Natl Cancer Inst 89:1829–1874 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chang Y, Cesarman E, Pessin MS, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles DM, Moore PS (1994) Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma [see comments]. Science 266:1865–1869 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chaudhary PM, Jasmin A, Eby MT, Hood L (1999) Modulation of the NF-kB pathway by virally encoded death effector domains-containing proteins. Oncogene 18:5738–5746 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chen S, Bacon KB, Li L, Garcia GE, Xia Y, Lo D, Thompson DA, Siani MA, Yamamoto T, Harrison JK, Feng L (1998) In vivo inhibition of CC and CX3 C chemokine-induced leukocyte infiltration and attenuation of glomerulonephritis in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats by vMIP-II. J Exp Med 188:193–198 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cheng EH, Nicholas J, Bellows DS, Hayward GS, Guo HG, Reitz MS, Hardwick JM (1997) A Bcl-2 homolog encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus, human herpesvirus 8, inhibits apoptosis but does not heterodimerize with Bax or Bak. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:690–694 CAS Google Scholar
Cooper NR (1991) Complement evasion strategies of microorganisms. Immunol Today 12:327–331 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Coscoy L, Ganem D (2000) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes two proteins that block cell surface display of MHC class I chains by enhancing their endocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:8051–8056 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Coscoy L, Ganem D (2001) A viral protein that selectively downregulates ICAM-1 and B7–2 and modulates T cell costimulation. J Clin Invest 107:1599–1606 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dairaghi DJ, Fan RA, McMaster BE, Hanley MR, Schall TJ (1999) HHV8-encoded vMIP-I selectively engages chemokine receptor CCR8. Agonist and antagonist profiles of viral chemokines. J Biol Chem 274:21569–21574 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dang LH, Michalek MT, Takei F, Benaceraff B, Rock KL (1990) Role of ICAM-1 in antigen presentation demonstrated by ICAM-1 defective mutants. J Immunol 144:4082–1091 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Desrosiers RC, Sasseville VG, Czajak SC, Zhang X, Mansfield KG, Kaur A, Johnson RP, Lackner AA, Jung JU (1997) A herpesvirus of rhesus monkeys related to the human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Virol 71:9764–9769 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Djerbi M, Scrpanti V, Catrina Al, Bogen B, Biberfeld P, Grandien A (1999) The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors [see comments]. J Exp Med 190:1025–1032 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Endres MJ, Garlisi CG, Xiao H, Shan L, Hedrick J A (1999) The Kaposi’s sarcoma-related herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded chemokine vMIP-I is a specific agonist for the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)8. J Exp Med 189:1993–1998 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fodor WL, Rollins SA, Bianco-Caron S, Rother RP, Guilmette ER, Burton WV, Albrecht JC, Fleckenstein B, Squinto SP (1995) The complement control protein homolog of herpesvirus saimiri regulates serum complement by inhibiting C3 convertase activity. J Virol 69:3889–3892 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Foster GR, Ackrill AM, Goldin RD, Kerr IM, Thomas HC, Stark GR (1991) Expression of the terminal protein region of hepatitis B virus inhibits cellular responses to interferons a and r and double-stranded RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2888–2892 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Friedman HM, Wang L, Fishman NO, Lambris JD, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH. Lubinski J (1996) Immune evasion properties of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC. J Virol 70:4253–4260 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fruh K, Ahn K, Djaballah H, Sempe P, van Endert PM, Tampe R, Peterson PA, Yang Y (1995) A viral inhibitor of peptide transporters for antigen presentation. Nature 375:415–418 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Galea-Lauri J, Darling D, Gan SU, Krivochtchapov L, Kuiper M, Gaken J, Souberbielle B, Farzaneh F (1999) Expression of a variant of CD28 on a subpopulation of human NK cells: implications for B7-mediated stimulation of NK cells. J Immunol 163:62–70 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ganem D (1997) KSHV and Kaposi’s sarcoma: The end of the beginning? Cell 91:157–160 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gao S-J, Boshoff C, Jayachandra S, Weiss RA, Chang Y, Moore PS (1997) KSHV ORF K9 (vIRF) is an oncogene which inhibits the interferon signaling pathway. Oncogene 15:1979–1985 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gao S-J, Kingsley L, Hoover DR, Spira TJ, Rinaldo CR, Saah A, Phair J, Detels R, Parry P. Chang Y, Moore PS (1996) Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. N Engl J Med 335:233–241 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Harris SL, Frank I, Yee A, Cohen GH, Eisenberg RJ. Friedman HM (1990) Glycoprotein C of herpes simplex virus type 1 prevents complement-mediated cell lysis and virus neutralization. J Infect Dis 162:331–337 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hengel H, Koszinowski UH (1997) Interference with antigen processing by viruses [see comments]. Curr Opin Immunol 9:470–476 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hill A, Jugovic P, York I, Russ G. Bennink J, Yewdell J. Ploegh H, Johnson D (1995) Herpes simplex virus turns off the TAP to evade host immunity. Nature 375:411–415 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ho HH, Du D, Gershengorn MC (1999) The N terminus of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor is necessary for high affinity chemokine binding but not for constitutive activity. J Biol Chem 274:31327–31332 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hoischen SH, Vollmer P, Marz P. Ozbek S, Gotze KS, Peschel C, Jostock T. Geib T, Mullberg J, Mechtersheimer S, et al. (2000) Human herpes virus 8 interleukin-6 homologue triggers gpl30 on neuronal and hematopoietic cells. Eur J Biochem 267:3604–3612 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Isaacs SN, Kotwal GJ, Moss B (1992) Vaccinia virus complement-control protein prevents antibody-dependent complement-enhanced neutralization of infectivity and contributes to virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:628–632 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ishido S, Choi JK, Lee BS, Wang C, DeMaria M, Johnson RP, Cohen GB, Jung JU (2000a) Inhibition of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K5 protein. Immunity 13:365–374 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ishido S, Wang C, Lee BS, Cohen GB, Jung JU (2000b) Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K3 and K5 proteins [In Process Citation], J Virol 74:5300–5309 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jayachandra S, Low KG, Thlick AE, Yu J, Ling PD, Chang Y. Moore PS (1999) Three unrelated viral transforming proteins (vIRF, EBNA2, and El A) induce the MYC oncogene through the interferon-responsive PRF element by using different transcription coadaptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11566–11571 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Johnson DC, Hill AB (1998) Herpesvirus evasion of the immune system. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 232:149–177 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jones TR, Wiertz EJ, Sun L, Fish KN, Nelson JA, Ploegh HL (1996) Human cytomegalovirus US3 impairs transport and maturation of major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:11327–11333 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jung JU, Choi JK, Ensser A, Biesinger B (1999) Herpesvirus saimiri as a model for gammaherpesvirus oncogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 9:231–239 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kanda K, Decker T, Aman P, Wahlstrom M, von Gabain A, Kallin B (1992) The EBNA2-related resistance towards a interferon (IFN-α) in Burkitt’s lymphoma cells effects induction of IFN-induced genes but not the activation of transcription factor ISGF-3. Mol Cell Biol 12:4930–4936 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kedes D, Operaiski E, Busch M, Kohn R, Flood J, Ganem DE (1996) The seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus): distribution of infection in KS risk groups and evidence for sexual transmission. Nat Med 2:918–924 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kieff E (1996) Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Replication. In: Fields B, Howley PM, et al. (eds) Fields Virology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 2343 2396 Google Scholar
Kledal TN, Rosenkilde MM, Coulin F, Simmons G, Johnsen AH, Alouani S, Power CA, Lüttichau HR, Gerstoft J, Clapham PR, et al. (1997) A broad-spectrum chemokine antagonist encoded by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Science 277:1656–1659 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lalani AS, Barrett JW, McFadden G (2000) Modulating chemokines: more lessons from viruses. Immunol Today 21:100–106 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lanier LL (1998a) Follow the leader: NK cell receptors for classical and nonclassical MHC class I. Cell 92:705–707 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Levitskaya J, Coram M, Levitsky V, Imreh S, Steigerwald-Mullen PM, Klein G, Kurilla MG, Masucci MG (1995) Inhibition of antigen processing by the internal repeat region of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1. Nature 375:685–688 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Li M, Damania B, Alvarez X, Ogryzko V, Ozato K, Jung JU (2000) Inhibition of p300 histone acetyl-transferase by viral interferon regulatory factor [In Process Citation]. Mol Cell Biol 20:8254–8263 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Li M, Lee H, Guo J, Neipel F, Fleckenstein B, Ozato K, Jung JU (1998) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor. J Virol 72:5433–5440 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Locati M, Murphy PM (1999) Chemokines and chemokine receptors: biology and clinical relevance in inflammation and AIDS. Annu Rev Med 50:425–440 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Long EO (1999) Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 17:875–904 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mansfield KG, Westmoreland SV, DeBakker CD, Czajak S, Lackner AA, Desrosiers RC (1999) Experimental infection of rhesus and pig-tailed macaques with macaque rhadinoviruses. J Virol 73:10320–10328 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Miller DM, Sedmak DD (1999) Viral effects on antigen processing. Curr Opin Immunol 11:94–99 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mold C, Bradt BM, Nemerow GR, Cooper NR (1988) Epstein-Barr virus regulates activation and processing of the third component of complement. J Exp Med 168:949–969 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Molden J, Chang Y, You Y, Moore PS, Goldsmith MA (1997) A Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes-virus-encoded cytokine homolog (vIL-6) activates signaling through the shared gpl30 receptor subunit. J Biol Chem 272:19625–19631 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Moore PS, Boshoff C, Weiss RA, Chang Y (1996) Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV. Science 274:1739–1744 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Murdoch C, Finn A (2000) Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases. Blood 95:3032–3043 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nash AA, Sunil-Chandra NP (1994) Interactions of the murine gammaherpesvirus with the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 6:560–563 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neipel F, Albrecht JC, Fleckenstein B (1999) Human herpesvirus 8: is it a tumor virus? Proc Assoc Am Physicians 111:594–601 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neipel F, Albrecht J-C, Fleckenstein B (1997) Cell-homologous genes in the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated rhadinovirus human herpesvirus 8: determinants of its pathogenicity. J Virol 71:4187–1192 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neipel F, Fleckenstein B (1999) The role of HHV-8 in Kaposi’s sarcoma. Semin Cancer Biol 9:151–164 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nicholas J, Ruvolo V, Zong J, Ciufo D, Guo H-G, Reitz MS, Hayward GS (1997a) A single 13-kilobase divergent locus in the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome contains nine open reading frames that are homologous to or related to cellular proteins. J Virol 71:1963–1974 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nicholas J, Ruvolo VR, Burns WH, Sandford G, Wan X, Ciufo D, Hendrickson SB, Guo H-G, Hayward GS, Reitz MS (1997b) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus-8 encodes homologues of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 and interleukin-6. Nat Med 3:287–292 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Osborne J, Moore PS, Chang Y (1999) KSHV-encoded viral IL-6 activates multiple human IL-6 signaling pathways. Hum Immunol 60:921–927 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Otsuki T, Kumar S, Ensoli B, Kingma DW, Yano T, Stetler-Stevenson M, Jaffe ES, Raffeid M (1996) Detection of HHV-8/KSHV DNA sequences in AIDS-associated extranodal lymphoid malignancies. Leukemia 10:1358–1362 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Parravicini C, Chandran B, Corbellino M, Berti E, Paulli M, Moore PS, Chang Y (2000) Differential viral protein expression in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected diseases: Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Am J Pathol 156:743–749 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Parravicini C, Olsen SJ, Capra M, Poli F, Sirchia G, Gao SJ, Berti E, Nocera A, Rossi E, Bestetti G, et al. (1997) Risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus transmission from donor allografts among Italian posttransplant Kaposi’s sarcoma patients. Blood 90:2826–2829 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Parry CM, Simas JP, Smith VP, Stewart CA, Minson AC, Efstathiou S, Alcami A (2000) A broad jspectrum secreted chemokine binding protein encoded by a herpesvirus. J Exp Med 191:573–578 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ploegh HL (1998) Viral strategies of immune evasion. Science 280:248–253 Google Scholar
Reitz MS, Jr, Nerurkar LS, Gallo RC (1999) Perspective on Kaposi’s sarcoma: facts, concepts, and conjectures. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1453–1458 PubMed Google Scholar
Renne R, Zhong W, Herndier B, McGrath M, Abbey N, Ganem D (1996) Lytic growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associate herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in culture. Nat Med 2:342–346 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rother RP, Rollins SA, Fodor WL, Albrecht JC, Setter E, Fleckenstein B, Squinto SP (1994) Inhibition of complement-mediated cytolysis by the terminal complement inhibitor of herpesvirus saimiri. J Virol 68:730–737 CAS Google Scholar
Russo JJ, Bohenzxy RA, Chien M-C, Chen J, Yan M, Maddalena D, Parry JP, Peruzzi D, Edelman IS, Chang Y, Moore PS (1996) Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:14862–14867 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Saifuddin M, Parker CJ, Peeples ME, Gorny MK, Zolla-Pazner S, Ghassemi M, Rooney IA, Atkinson JP, Spear GT (1995) Role of virion-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins CD55 and CD59 in complement resistance of cell line-derived and primary isolates of HIV-1. J Exp Med 182:501–509 Google Scholar
Sarid R, Sato T, Bohenzky RA, Russo JJ, Chang Y (1997) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a functional Bcl-2 homologue. Nature Medicine 3:293–298 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schoneberg T, Schultz G, Gudermann T (1999) Structural basis of G protein-coupled receptor function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 151:181–193 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schulz TF, Chang Y, Moore PS (1998) Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8), American Society for Microbiology Google Scholar
Sirianni MC, Uccini S, Angeloni A, Faggioni A, Cottoni F, Ensoli B (1997) Circulating spindle cells: correlation with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma [letter]. Lancet 349:255 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Speck SH, Virgin HW (1999) Host and viral genetics of chronic infection: a mouse model of gamma-herpesvirus pathogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2:403–409 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Stine JT, Wood C, Hill M, Epp A, Raport CJ, Schweickart VL, Endo Y, Sasaki T. Simmons G, Boshoff C, et al. (2000) KSHV-encoded CC chemokine vMIP-III is a CCR4 agonist, stimulates angiogenesis, and selectively chemoattracts TH2 cells, Blood 95:1151–1157 Google Scholar
Sturzl M, Hohenadl C, Zietz C. Castanos-Velez E, Wunderlich A, Ascherl G, Biberfeld P, Monini P, Browning PJ, Ensoli B (1999) Expression of K13/ V-FLIP gene of human herpesvirus 8 and apoptosis in Kaposi’s sarcoma spindle cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1725–1733 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Taub DD (1996) Chemokine-leukocvte interactions. The voodoo that they do so well. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 7:355–376 CAS Google Scholar
Unanue ER (1997) Inter-relationship among macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils in early stages of Listeria resistance. Curr Opin Immunol 9:35–43 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Vilcek J, Sen GC (1996) Interferons and other cytokines. In: Fields BN. Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds) Fields Virology. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, pp 375–399 Google Scholar
Wiertz EJ, Jones TR, Sun L, Bogyo M, Geuze HJ, Ploegh HL (1996a) The human cytomegalovirus US11 gene product dislocates MHC class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell 84:769–779 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wiertz EJ, Tortorella D, Bogyo M. Yu J, Mothes W, Jones TR, Rapoport TA, Ploegh HL (1996b) Sec61- mediated transfer of a membrane protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the proteasome for destruction [see comments]. Nature 384:432–438 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wilson JL, Charo J, Martin-Fontecha A, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Chambers BJ, Kiessling R, Bejarano MT, Ljunggren HG (1999) NK cell triggering by the human costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. J Immunol 163:4207–4212 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wong SW, Bergquam EP, Swanson RM, Lee FW, Shiigi SM, Avery NA, Fanton JW, Axthelm MK (1999) Induction of B cell hyperplasia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques with the simian homologue of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. J Exp Med 190:827–840 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yang TY, Chen SC, Leach MW, Manfra D, Homey B, Wiekowski M, Sullivan L, Jenh CH, Narula SK, Chensue SW, Lira SA (2000) Transgenic expression of the chemokine receptor encoded by human herpesvirus 8 induces an angioproliferative disease resembling Kaposi’s sarcoma [see comments]. J Exp Med 191:445–454 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
York IA, Roop C, Andrews DW, Riddcll SR, Graham FE, Johnson DC (1994) A cytosolic herpes simplex virus protein inhibits antigen presentation to CD8 I T lymphocytes. Cell 77:525–535 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ziegler H, Thale R, Lucin P, Muranyi W, Flohr T, Hengel H. Farrell H, Rawlinson W, Koszinowski UH (1997) A mouse cytomegalovirus glycoprotein retains MHC class I complexes in the ERGIC/cis-Golgi compartments. Immunity 6:57–66 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zimring JC, Goodbourn S, Offermann MK (1998) Human herpesvirus 8 encodes an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) homolog that represses IRF-1 -mediated transcription. J Virol 72:701–707 PubMedCAS Google Scholar