Mechanisms of Early Brain Injury After SAH: Matrixmetalloproteinase 9 (original) (raw)

Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. To date, there is not a definitive treatment that completely prevents brain injury after SAH. Recently, early brain injury (EBI) has been pointed out to be the primary cause of mortality in SAH patients. Apoptosis that occurs in neuronal tissues and cerebral vasculature after SAH plays an essential role in EBI. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been found to increase in many cerebral vascular diseases. There have been reports that MMP-9 can mediate apoptosis, which called anoikis in cerebral ischemia models, through cleaving main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially laminin. Therefore, minocycline, which has been found to inhibit MMP-9, may be protective to brain injury after SAH. We based our hypothesis on the fact that SAH possesses some aspects that are similar to those of cerebral ischemia. It is conceivable that MMP-9 may also be involved in the pathological process of EBI after SAH, and minocycline can relieve anoikis and improve EBI after SAH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
    Zong-duo Guo & Xiao-chuan Sun
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
    John H. Zhang

Authors

  1. Zong-duo Guo
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  2. Xiao-chuan Sun
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  3. John H. Zhang
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Correspondence toXiao-chuan Sun .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
    H.-J. Steiger & Hua Feng &
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
    Ying Mao
  3. Departments of Physiology and Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, 92354, Loma Linda, California, USA
    John H. Zhang

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Guo, Zd., Sun, Xc., Zhang, J.H. (2011). Mechanisms of Early Brain Injury After SAH: Matrixmetalloproteinase 9. In: Feng, H., Mao, Y., Zhang, J.H. (eds) Early Brain Injury or Cerebral Vasospasm. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 110/1. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0353-1\_11

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