Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and neurodegenerative disease (original) (raw)

References

• Aksenov MY, Tucker HM, Nair P, Aksenova MV, Butterfield DA, Estus S, Markesbery WR (1999) The expression of several mitochondrial and nuclear genes encoding the subunits of electron transport chain enzyme complexes, cytochrome c oxidase, and NADH dehydrogenase, in different brain regions in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem Res 24: 767 – 774
  Google Scholar
• Albers DS, Augood SJ, Martin DM, Standaert DG, Vonsattel JPV, Beal MF (1999) Evidence for oxidative stress in the subthalamic nucleus in PSP. J Neurochem 73: 881 – 884
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Albers DS, Augood SJ, Park LHC, Browne SE, Martin DM, Adamson J, Hutton M, Standaert DG, Vonsattel JPV, Gibson GE, Beal MF (2000) Frontal lobe dysfunction in PSP: Evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. J Neurochem 74: 878 – 881
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Albin RL, Greenamyre JT (1992) Alternate excitotoxic hypothesis. Neurology 42: 733 – 738
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Anderson JJ, Bravi D, Ferrari R, Davis TL, Baronti F, Chase TN, Dagani F (1993) No evidence for altered muscle mitochondrial function in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56: 477 - 480
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Aquirre T, Van Den Bosch L, Goetschalchx K, Tilkin P, Mathijs G, Cassiman JJ, Robberecht W (1998) Increased sensitivity of fibroblasts from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients to oxidative stress. Ann Neurol 43: 452 – 457
  Google Scholar
• Baker M, Litvan I, Houlden H, Adamson J, Dickson D, Perez-Tur J, Hardy J, Lynch T, Bigio E, Hutton M (1999) Association of an extended haplotype in the tau gene with progressive supranuclear palsy. Hum Mol Gen 8 (4): 711 – 715
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Balzacs L, Leon M (1994) Evidence for an oxidative challenge in the Alzheimer’s brain.
  Google Scholar
• Neurochem Res 19: 1131–1137
  Google Scholar
• Beal MF (1995) Aging, energy and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol 38: 357 – 366
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Beal MF, Ferrante RJ, Browne SE, Matthews RT, Kowall NW, Brown Jr, RH (1997) Increased 3-nitrotyrosine in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 42: 646 – 654
  Google Scholar
• Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V (1994) A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS/Riluzole Study Group. N Engl J Med 330: 585 – 591
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bindoff LA, Birch-Maichin MA, Cartlidge NEF, Parker WD Jr, Turnbull JD (1991) Respiratory chain abnormalities in skeletal muscle from patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 104: 203 – 208
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Blin J, Baron JC, Dubois B, Pillon B (1990) Positron emission tomography study in progressive supranuclear palsy. Arch Neurol 47: 1990
  Google Scholar
• Blin O, Desnuelle C, Rascol O, Borg M, Peyro Saint Paul H, Azulay JP, Bille F, Figarella D, Coulom F, Pellissier JF et al (1994) Mitochondrial respiratory failure in skeletal muscle from patients with Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci 125: 95 – 101
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Boffoli D, Scacco SC, Vergari R, Solarino G, Santacroce G, Papa S (1994) Decline with age of the respiratory chain activity in human skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta 1226: 73 – 82
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Borchelt DR, Lee MK, Slunt HS, Guarnieri M, Xu Z-S, Wong PD et al (1994) Superoxide dismutase 1 with mutations linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis possesses significant activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 8292 – 8296
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Borg DC (1993) Oxygen free radicals and tissue injury, Tarr M, Samson F (eds), Birkhauser, Boston, 12 – 53
  Google Scholar
• Borthwick GM, Johnson MA, Ince PG, Shaw PJ, Turnbull DM (1999) Mitochondrial enzyme activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: implications for the role of mitochondria in neuronal cell death. Ann Neurol 46: 787 – 790
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bourgeron T, Rustin P, Chretien D, Birch-Machin M, Bourgeois M, Viegas-Pequignot E et al (1995) Mutation of a nuclear succinate dehydrogenase gene results in mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. Nat Genet 11: 144 – 149
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Bowling AC, Schulz JB, Brown Jr RH, Beal MF (1993) Superoxide dismutase activity, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 61: 2322 – 2325
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Brown Jr RH (1995) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent insights from genetics and transgenic mice. Cell 80: 687 – 692
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Brown GG, Levine SR, Gorell JM, Pettegrew JW, Gdowski JW, Bueri JA et al (1989) In vivo 31P NMR profiles of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple subcortical infarct dementia. Neurology 39: 1423 – 1427
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Browne SE, Bowling AC, MacGarvey U, Baik MJ, Berger SC, Muqit MMK et al (1997) Oxidative damage and metabolic dysfunction in Huntington’s disease: selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia. Ann Neurol 41: 646 – 653
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Browne SE, Bowling AC, Baik MJ, Gurney M, Brown Jr RH, Beal MF (1998) Metabolic dysfunction in familial, but not sporadic, amytrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 71: 281 – 287
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Butterworth RF, Besnard AM (1990) Thiamine-deficent enzyme changes in the temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Metab Brain Dis 5: 179 – 184
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Butterworth J, Yates CM, Reynolds GP (1985) Distribution of phosphate-activated glutaminase, succinic dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in postmortem brain from Huntington’s disease and agonal cases. J Neurol Sci 67: 161 – 171
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Butterworth NJ, Williams L, Bullock JY, Love DR, Faull RLM, Dragunow M (1998) Trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length is positively correlated with the degree of DNA fragmentation in Huntington’s disease striatum. Neuroscience 87: 49 – 53
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cardellach F, Marti MJ, Fernandez-Sola J, Marin C, Hoek JB, Tolosa E, Urbano- Marquez A (1993) Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in skeletal muscle from patient with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 43: 2258 – 2262
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Carney JM, Carney AM (1994) Role of protein oxidation in aging and in age-associated neurodegenerative disease. Life Sci 55: 2097 – 2103
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Carri MT, Ferri A, Battistoni A, Farnhy L, Gavvianelli R, Poccia F et al (1997) Expression of a Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase typical of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induces mitochondrial alterations and increases of cytosolic calcium concentration in transfected neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. FEBS Lett 414: 365 – 368
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Castellani R, Smith MA, Richey PL, Perry G (1996) Glycoxidation and oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. Brain Res 737: 195 – 200
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chartier-Harlin M-C, Crawford F, Houlden H, Warren A, Hughes D, Fidani L, Goate A, Rossor M, Roques P, Hardy J et al (1991) Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease caused by mutations at codon 717 of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene. Nature 353: 844 – 846
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chartier-Harlin M-C, Parfitt M, Legrain S, Perez-Tur J, Brousseau T, Evans A, Berr C, Vidal O, Roques P, Gourlet V, Fruchart JC, Delacourte A, Rossor M, Amouyel P (1994) Apolipoprotein E4 allele as a major risk factor for sporadic early and late- onset forms of Alzheimer’s disease: analysis of the 19ql3.2 chromosomal region. Hum Mol Genet 3: 569 – 574
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chandrasekaran K, Giordano T, Brady DR, Stoll J, Martin LJ, Rapoport SI (1994) Impairment in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Brain Res 24: 336 – 340
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chen L, Richardson JS, Caldwell JE, Ang LC (1994) Regional brain activity of free radical defense enzymes in autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease and from nondemented controls. Int J Neurosci 75: 83 – 90
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Chiba K, Trevor A, Castagnoli N Jr (1984) Metabolism of the neurotoxic tertiary amine, MPTP, by brain monoamine oxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120: 574 – 578
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Collier DS, Berg MJ, Fincham RW (1992) Parkinsonism treatment: Part III — update. Ann Pharmacother 26: 227 – 233
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Comi GP, Bordoni A, Salani S, Fransceschina L, Sciacco M, Prelle A, Fortunato F, Zeviani M, Napoli L, Bresolin N, Moggio M, Ausenda CD, Taanman J-W, Scarlato G (1998) Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I microdeletion in a patient with motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol 43: 110 – 116
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Connor JR, Menzies SL, St Marin SM, Mufson EJ (1992a) A histochemical study of iron, transferrin and ferritin in Alzheimer’s diseased brains. J Neurosci Res 31: 75 – 83
  CAS Google Scholar
• Connor JR, Snyder BS, Beard JL, Fine RE, Mufson EJ (1992b) The regional distribution of iron in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci Res 31: 327
  CAS Google Scholar
• Conrad C, Andreadis A, Trojanowski JQ, Dickson DW, Kang D, Chen X, Wiederholt W, Hansen L, Masliah E, Thai LJ, Katzman R, Xia Y, Saitoh T (1997) Genetic evidence for the involvement of tau in progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 41: 277 – 281
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cooper JM, Mann VM, Schapira AHV (1992) Analyses of mitochondrial respiratory chain function and mitochondrial DNA deletion in human skeletal muscle: effect of aging. J Neurol Sci 113: 91 - 98
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Corral-Debrinski M, Stepien G, Shoffner JM et al (1991) Hypoxemia is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage and gene induction. JAMA 266: 1812 – 1816
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Corral-Debrinski M, Horton T, Lott MT (1992) Mitochondrial DNA deletions in human brain: regional variability and increase with advanced age. Nat Genet 2: 324 – 329
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Cortopassi GA, Arnheim N (1990) Detection of a specific mitochondrial DNA deletion in tissue of older humans. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6927 – 6933
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Curti D, Malaspina A, Facchetti G, Camana C, Mazzini L, Tosca P, Zerbi F, Ceroni M (1996) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Oxidative energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Neurology 47: 1060 – 1064
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• D’Antona R, Baron JC, Samson Y, Serdaru M, Viader F, Agid Y, Cambier J (1985) Subcortical dementia: Frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron emission tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain 108: 785 – 799
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Dahiyat M, Cumming A, Harrington C, Wischik C, Xuereb J, Corrigan F, Breen G, Shaw D, St Clair D (1999) Association between Alzheimer’s disease and the NOS3 gene. Ann Neurol 46: 664 – 667
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dalakas MC, Hatazawa C, Brooks RA, DiChiro G (1987) Lowered cerebral glucose utilization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 22: 580 – 586
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Davis RE, Miller S, Hermstadt C, Ghosh SS, Fahy E, Shinobu L et al (1997) Mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes segregate with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 4526 – 4531
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dexter DT, Wells FR, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Lees A, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1987) Increased nigral iron content in post-mortem parkinsonian brain. Lancet 2: 1219 – 1220
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dexter DT, Carter CJ, Wells FR, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Lees A, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1989a) Basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra is increased in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 52: 381 – 389
  CAS Google Scholar
• Dexter DT, Wells FR, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Lees A, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1989b) Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 52: 1830 – 1836
  CAS Google Scholar
• Dexter DT, Carayon A, Vadailhet M, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Lees A, Wells FR, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1990) Decreased ferritin levels in brain in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 55: 16 – 20
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Dexter DT, Sian J, Rose S, Hindmarsh JG, Mann VM, Cooper JM, Wells FR, Daniel SE, Lees AJ, Schapira AH, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1994) Indices of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in individuals with incidental Lewy body disease. Ann Neurol 35: 38 – 44
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• DiDonato S, Zeviani M, Giovannini P, Savarese N, Rimoldi M, Mariotti C, Girotti F, Caraceni T (1993) Respiratory chain and mitochondrial DNA in muscle and brain in Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurology 43: 2262 – 2268
  Google Scholar
• DiMonte D, Harati Y, Jankovic J, Sandy M, Jewell S, Langston J (1994) Muscle mitochondrial ATP production in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurochem 62: 1631 – 1634
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS et al (1989) Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in a community population of older persons. JAMA 262: 2551 – 2556
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Valldeoriola F, Molinuevo JL, Blesa R, Tolosa E, Oliva R (1999) Identification of a novel polymorphism in the promotor region of the tau gene highly associated to progressive supranuclear palsy in humans. Neurosci Lett 275: 183 – 186
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Feany M, Dickson D (1996) Neurodegenerative disorders with extensive tau pathology: A comparative study and review. Ann Neurol 40: 139 – 148
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Ferrante RJ, Kowall NW, Hersch SM, Brown RH, Beal MF (1996) Immunohistochemical localization of markers of oxidative injury in Huntington’s disease. Soc Neurosci Abstr 22: 227
  Google Scholar
• Ferrante RJ, Browne SE, Shinobu LA, Bowling AC, Baik MJ, MacGarvey U, Kowall NW, Brown Jr RH, Beal MF (1997) Evidence of increased oxidative damage in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 69: 2064 – 2074
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Foster NL, Gilman S, Berent S, Morin E, Brown MB, Koeppe RA (1988) Cerebral hypometabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 24: 399-406 Fujita K, Yamauchi M, Shibayama K, Ando M, Honda M, Nagata Y (1996) Decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity but unchanged superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the spinal cords of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci 45: 276 – 281
  Google Scholar
• Fukuyama H, Ogawa M, Yamauchi H, Yamaguchi S, Kimura J, Yonekura Y et al (1994) Altered cerebral energy metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: a PET study. J Nucl Med 35: 1 – 6
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Furata A, Price DL, Pardo CA, Troncoso JC, Xu Z-S, Taniguchi N, Martin LJ (1995) Localization of superoxide dismutases in Alzheimer’s disease and Down’s syndrome neocortex and hippocampus. Am J Pathol 146: 357 – 367
  Google Scholar
• Gibson GE, Zhang H, Toral-Barza L, Szolosi S, Tofel-Grehl B (1986) Calcium stores in cultured fibroblasts and their changes with Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1316: 71 – 77
  Google Scholar
• Gibson GE, Sheu KF-R, Blass JP, Baker A, Carlson KC, Harding B, Perrino P (1988) Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol 45: 836 – 840
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Goate A, Chartier-Harlin M-C, Mullan M, Brown J, Crawford F, Fidani L, Giuffra L, Haynes A, Irving N, James L et al (1991) Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 349: 704 – 706
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Jakes R, Rutherford D, Crowther RA (1989a) Multiple isoforms of human microtubule-associated protein tau: sequences and localization in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron 3: 519 – 26
  CAS Google Scholar
• Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Potier MC, Ulrich J, Crowther RA (1989b) Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding an isoform of microtubule-associated protein tau containing four tandem repeats: differential expression of tau protein mRNAs in human brain. Embo J 8: 393 – 399
  CAS Google Scholar
• Goffinet AM, DeVolder AG, Gillian C, Rectem D, Bol A, Michel C, Cogneau M, Labar D, Laterre C (1989) Positron tomography demonstrates frontal lobe hypometabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 25: 131 – 139
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Good PF, Werner P, Hsu A, Olanow CW, Perl DP (1996) Evidence for neuronal oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol 149: 21 – 28
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Grundke-Iqbal I, Fleming J, Tung Y-C, Lassmann H, Iqbal K, Joshi JG (1990) Ferritin is a component of the neuritic (senile) plaque in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neuropathol 81: 105 - 110
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gsell W, Conrad R, Hicketheir M, Sofic E, Frolich L et al (1995) Decreased catalase activity but unchanged superoxide dismutase activity in brains of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. J Neurochem 64: 1216 – 1223
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Gu M, Gash MT, Mann VM, Javoy-Agid F, Cooper JM, Schapira AHV (1996) Mitochondrial defect in Huntington’s disease caudate nucleus. Ann Neurol 39: 385 – 389
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hajimohammadreza I, Brammer M (1990) Brain, membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 112: 333 – 337
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Harman D (1986) Free radical theory of aging: role of free radicals in the origination and evoluation of life, aging and disease process. In: Johnson J, Walford R, Harman D, Miquel J (eds) Biology of aging, Liss, New York, 3 – 50
  Google Scholar
• Harms L, Meierkord H, Timm G, Pfeiffer L, Ludolph AC (1997) Decreased N-acetyl- aspartate/choline ratio and increased lactate in the frontal lobe of patients with Huntington’s disease: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 62: 27 – 30
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hatazawa J, Brooks RA, Dalakas MC, Mansi L, DiChiro G (1988) Cortical motor- sensory hypometabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a PET study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 12: 630 – 636
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hattori K, Tanaka M, Sugiyama S et al (1991a) Age-dependent increase in deleted mitochondrial DNA in the human heart: possible contributory factor to presbycardia. Am Heart J 121: 1735—1742
  Google Scholar
• Hattori N, Tanaka M, Ozawa T, Mizuno Y (1991b) Immunohistochemical studies on complexes I, II, III and IV of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 30: 563 – 571
  CAS Google Scholar
• Heales SJ, Bolanos JP, Stewart VC, Brookes PS, Land JM, Clark JB (1999) Nitric oxide, mitochondria and neurological disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1410: 215 - 228
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Heikkila RE, Hess A, Duvoisin RC (1984) Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of l-methyl-4- phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. Science 224: 1451 – 1453
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hensley K, Hall N, Subramaniam R, Cole P, Harris M, Aksenova M, Aksenova M, Gabbita SP, Wu JF, Carney JM, Lovell M, Markesbery WR, Butterfield DA (1995) Brain regional correspondence between Alzheimer’s disease histopathology and biomarkers of protein oxidation. J Neurochem 65: 2146 – 2156
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Hong H et al (1998) Mutation-specific functional impairments in distinct tau isoforms of hereditary FTDP-17. Science 282: 1914 – 1917
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Huang HM, Toral-Barza L, Thaler H, Tofel-Grehl B, Gibson GE (1991) Inosital phosphates and intracellular calcium after bradykinin stimulation in fibroblasts from young, normal aged and Alzheimer’s donors. Neurobiol Aging 12: 469 – 473
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Huntington’s Disease Collaborative Research Group (1993) A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington’s disease chromosomes. Cell 72: 971 – 983
  Google Scholar
• Hutton M, Lendon CL, Rizzu P, Baker M, Froelich S, Houlden H, Pickering-Brown S, Chakraverty S, Isaacs A et al (1998) Association of missense and 5’-splice-site mutations in tau with the inherited dementia FTDP-17. Nature 393: 702 – 705
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Javitch JA, D’Amato RJ, Strittmatter SM, Snyder SH (1985) Parkinsonism-induced neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: Uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2173 – 2177
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Jenkins BG, Rosas HD, Chen Y-C, Makabe T, Myers R, MacDonald M et. al. (1988) 1H NMR spectroscopy in Huntington’s: striatal asymmetries and correlations with CAG repeats. Neurology 50: 1357–1365
  Google Scholar
• Jenkins BG, Koroshetz W, Beal MF, Rosen B (1993) Evidence for an energy metabolism defect in Huntington’s disease using localized proton spectroscopy. Neurology 43: 2689 – 2695
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Holman BL, Nagel JS, Growdon JH (1992) Cerebral perfusion in progressive supranuclear palsy. J Nucl Med 33: 704 – 709
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kalra J, Rajput AH, Mantha SV, Prasad K (1992) Serum antioxidant enzyme activity in Parkinson’s disease. Mol Cell Biochem 110: 165 – 168
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Karbe H, Grond M, Huber M, Herholz K, Kessler J, Heiss WD (1992) Subcortical damage and cortical dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy demonstrated by positron emission tomography. J Neurol 239: 98 – 102
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kish SJ, Morito C, Hornykiewicz O (1985) Glutathione peroxidase activity in Parkinson’s disease brain. Neurosci Lett 58: 343 – 346
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kish SJ, Bergeron C, Rajput A, Dozic S, Mastrogiacomo F, Chang LJ et al (1992) Brain cytochrome oxidase in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 59: 776 – 779
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N et al (1998) Mutations in the Parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature 392: 605 – 608
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Kobayashi T, Matsumine H, Matuda S, Mizuno Y (1998) Association between the gene encoding the E2 subunit of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 43: 120-123 Koroshetz WJ, Jenkins BG, Rosen BR, Beal MF (1997) Energy metabolism defects in Huntington’s disease and effects of coenzyme Q10. Ann Neurol 41: 160 – 165
  Google Scholar
• Kumar U, Dunlop DM, Richardson JS (1994) Mitochondria from Alzheimer’s fibroblasts show decreased uptake of calcium and increased sensitivity to free radicals. Life Sci 54: 1855 – 1860
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I (1983) Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219: 979 – 980
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lee H-C, Pang C-Y, Hsu H-S et al (1994) Differential accumulations of 4,977 bp deletion in mitochondrial DNA of various tissue in human aging. Biochem Biophys Acta 1226: 37 – 43
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Leenders KL, Frackowiak RSJ, Lees AJ (1988) Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome: Brain energy metabolism, blood flow and flurodopa uptake measured by positron emission tomography. Brain 111: 615 – 630
  PubMed Google Scholar
• LeVine SM (1997) Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s brains. Brain Res 760: 298 – 303
  Google Scholar
• Levy-Lahad E, Wijsman EM, Nemens E, Anderson L, Goddard KA, Weber JL, Bird TD, Schellenberg GD (1995) A familial Alzheimer’s disease locus on chromosome 1. Science 269: 970 – 973
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lezza AM, Mecocci P, Cormio A, Beal MF, Cherubini A, Cantatore P, Senin U, Gadaleta MN (1999) Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp deletion and OH8dG levels correlate in the brain of aged subjects but not Alzheimer’s disease patients. FASEB J 13: 1083 – 1088
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Lovell MA, Ehmann WD, Butler SM, Markesberry WR (1995) Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 45: 1594 – 1601
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Marcus DL, Thomas C, Rodriguez C, Simberkoff K, Tsai JS, Strafaci JA, Freedman ML (1998) Increased peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Neurol 150: 40 – 44
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Martin WRW, Hanstock C, Hodder J, Allen PS (1996) Brain energy metabolism in Huntington’s disease measured with in vito proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ann Neurol 40: 538
  Google Scholar
• Martins RN, Harper CG, Stokes GB, Masters CL (1986) Increased cerebral glucoses- phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Alzheimer’s disease may reflect oxidative stress. J Neurochem 46: 1042 – 1045
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Marttila RJ, Lorentz H, Rinne UK (1988) Oxygen toxicity protecting enzymes in Parkinson’s disease. Increase of superoxide dismutase-like activity in the substantia nigra and basal nucleus. J Neurol Sci 86: 321 – 331
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mastrogiacomo F, Bergeron C, Kish SJ (1993) Brain a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer’s disease in Alzheimer’s brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 3: 461 – 470
  Google Scholar
• Masui Y, Mozai T, Kakehi K (1985) Functional and morphometric study of the liver in motor neuron disease. J Neurol 232: 15 – 19
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mattson M, Fu W, Waeg G, Uchida K (1997) 4-hydroxynoneal, a product of lipid peroxidation, inhibits dephosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. NeuroReport 8: 2275–2281
  Google Scholar
• McNaught KS, Altomare C, Cellamare S, Carotti A, Thull U, Carrupt PA, Testa B, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1995) Inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by isoquinoline derivatives structurally related to l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Neuroreport 30: 1105 – 1108
  Google Scholar
• Mecocci P, MacGarvey U, Kaufman AE, Koontz D, Shoffner JM, Wallace DC, Beal MF (1993) Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA shows marked age-dependent increases in human brain. Ann Neurol 34: 609 – 616
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mecocci P, MacGarvey U, Beal MF (1994) Oxidative damage to mitochondrail DNA is increased in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 36: 747 – 751
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mecocci P, Fano G, Fulle S, MacGarvey U, Shinobu L, Polidori MC, Cherubini A, Vecchiet J, Senin U, Beal MF (1999) Age-dependent increases in oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins in human skeletal muscle. Free Rad Biol Med 26: 3O3- 3O8
  Google Scholar
• Mizuno Y, Matuda S, Yoshino H, Mori H, Hattori N, Ikebe S (1994) An immunohis- tochemical study on alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 35: 204 – 210
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mochizuki H, Imai H, Endo K, Yokomizo K, Murata Y, Hattori N, Mizuno Y (1994) Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced hemiparkinsonian monkeys. Neurosci Lett 168: 251 – 253
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Mutisya EM, Bowling AC, Beal MF (1994) Cortical cytochrome oxidase activity is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 63: 2179 – 2184
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Nakano K, Hirayama K, Terao K (1987) Hepatic ultrastructural changes and liver dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 44: 103 – 106
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Nicklas WJ, Vyas I, Heikkila RE (1985) Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation by brain mitochondria by l-methyl-4-phenylpyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1- methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Life Sci 36: 2503 – 2508
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Nunomura A, Perry G, Pappolla MA, Wade R, Hirai K, Chiba S, Smith MA (1999) RNA oxidation is a prominent feature of vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 19: 1959 – 1964
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Oliver CN, Ahn BW, Moerman EJ, Goldstein S, Stadtman ER (1987) Age-related changes in oxidized proteins. J Biol Chem 262: 5488 – 5491
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Palmer AM, Burns M (1990) Selective increase in lipid peroxidation in the inferior temporal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 645: 338 – 342
  Google Scholar
• Pansarasa O, Bertorelli L, Vecchiet J, Felazani G, Marzatico F (1999) Age-dependent changes of antioxidant activities and markers of free radical damage in human skeletal muscle. Free Rad Biol Med 27: 617 – 622
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Pappolla MA, Omar RA, Kim KS, Robakis N (1992) Immunohistochemical evidence of antioxidant stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol 140: 621 – 628
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Parker WD Jr, Filley CM, Parks JK (1990) Cytochrome oxidase deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 40: 1302 – 1303
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Parker WD Jr, Parks JK, Filley CM (1994) Electron transport chain defects in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 44: 1090 – 1096
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Pedersen WA, Fu W, Keller JN, Markesbery WR, Appel S, Smith G, Kasarskis E, Mattson MP (1998) Protein modification by the lipid peroxidation product 4- hydroxynonenal in the spinal cords of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 44: 819 – 824
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Kanal E, Panchalingam K, McClure RJ (1995) Changes in brain membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism precede dementia. Neurobiol Aging 16: 973 – 975
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Piani D, Frei K, Pfister HW, Fontana A (1993) Glutamate uptake by astrocytes is inhibited by reactive oxygen intermediates but not by other macrophage-derived molecules including cytokines, leukotrienes or platelet-activating factor. J Neuroimmunol 48: 99 – 104
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Polyak K, Li Y, Zhu H, Lengauer C, Willson JKV, Markowitz SD, Trush MA, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1998) Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in human colorectal tumours. Nat Gen 20: 291 – 293
  CAS Google Scholar
• Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E et al (1997) Mutation in the a-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson’s disease. Science 276: 2045 – 2047
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Portera-Cailliau C, Hedreen JC, Price DL, Koliatsos VE (1995) Evidence for apoptotic cell death in Huntington’s disease and excitotoxic animal models. J Neurosci 15: 3775 – 3787
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Premkumar DRD, Smith MA, Richey PL, Petersen RB, Castellani R, Kutty RK et al (1995) Induction of hemeoxygenase-1 mRNA and protein in neocortex and cerebral vessels in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 65: 1399 – 1402
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Radunovic A, Porto WG, Zeman S, Leigh PN (1997) Increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in Parkinson’s disease but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor cortex. Neurosci Lett 239: 105 – 108
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rapoport SI, Hatanpaa K, Brady DR, Chandrasekaran K (1996) Brain energy metabolism, cognitive function and down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegeneration 5: 473 – 476
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Redjems-Bennani N, Jeandel C, Lefebvre E, Blain H, Vidailhet M, Gueant JL (1998) Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer’s patients. Gerontology 44: 300 – 304
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Riederer P, Sofic E, Rausch WD, Schmidt B, Reynolds GP, Jellinger K, Youdim MB (1989) Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in parkinsonian brains. J Neurochem 52: 515 – 520
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rogaev EI, Sherrington R, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Liang Y, Chi H, Lin C, Holman K, Tsuda T et al (1995) Familial Alzheimer’s disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to Alzheimer’s disease type 3 gene. Nature 376: 775 – 778
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figiewicz DA, Sapp P, Hentati A, Donaldson D, Goto J, O’Regan JP, Deng H-X, Rhmani Z, Krizus A, McKenna-Yasek D, Cayabyab A, Gaston SM, Berger R, Tanzi RE, Halperin JJ, Herzfeldt B, Van den Bergh R, Hung W-Y, Bird T, Deng G, Mulder DW, Smyth C, LAing NG, Soriano E, Pericak- Vance MA, Haines J, Rouleau GA, Gusella JS, Horvitz HR, Brown RH (1993) Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 362: 59 – 62
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Rothstein JD, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW (1992) Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 236: 1464 – 1468
  Google Scholar
• Rubinstein DC et al (1997) Genotypes at the GluR6 kainate receptor locus are associated with variation of the age of onset of Huntington’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 3872 – 3876
  Google Scholar
• Saggu H, Cooksey J, Dexter DT et al (1989) A selective increase in particulate superoxide dismutase activity in parkinsonian substantia nigra. J Neurochem 53: 692 – 697
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Ramos JR, Overvik E, Ames BN (1994) A marker of oxyradical-mediated DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) is increased in nigro-striatum of Parkinson’s disease brain. Neurodegeneration 3: 197 – 204
  Google Scholar
• Sawa A, Wiegand GW, Cooper J, Margolis RL, Sharp AH, Lawler JF Jr, Greenamyre JT, Snyder SH, Ross CA (1999) Increased apoptosis of Huntington disease lymphoblasts associated with repeat length-dependent mitochondrial depolarization. Nat Med 5: 1194 – 1198
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sayre LM, Zelasko DA, Harris PLR, Perry G, Salomon RG, Smith MA (1997) 4- Hydroxynonenal-derived advanced lipid peroxidation end products are increased in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 68: 2092–2097
  Google Scholar
• Schapira AHV, Cooper JM, Dexter DT et al (1990) Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 54: 823 – 827
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Schipper HM, Cisse S, Stopa EG (1995) Expression of hemeoxygenase-1 in the senescent and Alzheimer-diseased brain. Ann Neurol 37: 758 – 768
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sergeant N, Wattez A, Delacourte A (1999) Neurofibrillary degeneration in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degneration: Tau pathologies with exclusively “exon 10” isoforms. J Neurochem 72: 1243 – 1249
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Shaw PJ, Ince PG, Falkous G, Mantle D (1995) Oxidative damage to protein in sporadic motor neuron disease spinal cord. Ann Neurol 38: 691 – 695
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sheehan JP, Swerdlow RH, Parker WD, Miller SW, Davis RE, Tuttle JB (1997a) Altered calcium homeostasis in cells transformed by mitochondria from individuals with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 68: 1221 – 1233
  CAS Google Scholar
• Sheehan JP, Swerdlow RH, Miller SW, Davis RE, Parks JK, Parker WD, Tuttle JB (1997b) Calcium homeostasis and reactive oxygen species production in cells transformed by mitochondria from individuals with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 17: 4612 – 4622
  CAS Google Scholar
• Sherrington R, Rogaev EI, Liang Y, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Chi H, Lin C, Li G, Holman K et al (1995) Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early- onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 375: 754 – 750
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Shults CW, Beal MF, Fontaine D, Nakano K, Haas RH (1998) Absorption, tolerability, and effects of mitochondrial activity of oral coenzyme Q10 in parkisonian patients. Neurology 50: 793 – 795
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sian J, Dexter DT, Lees AJ, Daniel S, Agid Y, Javoy-Agid F, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1994) Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia. Ann Neurol 36: 348 – 355
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Siklos L, Engelhardt J, Harati Y, Smith RG, Joo F, Appel SH (1996) Ultrastructural evidence for altered calcium in motor nerve terminals in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 39: 203 – 219
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Simonetti S, Chen X, DiMauro S et al (1992) Accumulation of deletions in human mitochondrial DNA during normal aging: analysis by quantitative PCR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1180: 113 – 122
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith CD, Carney JM, Starke-Reed PE, Oliver CN, Stadtman ER, Floyd RA, Markesbery WR (1991) Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 10540 – 10543
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith MA, Kutty RK, Richey PL, Yan S-D, Stern D, Chader GJ et al (1994) Hemeoxygenase-1 is associated with neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol 145: 42 – 47
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith MA, Rudnicka-Nawrot M, Richey PL, Praprotnik D, Mulvihill P, Miller CA et al (1995) Carbonyl-related posttranslational modification of neurofilament protein in the neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 64: 2660 – 2666
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith MA, Perry G, Richey PL, Sayre LM, Anderson VE, Beal MF et al (1996) Oxidative damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 382: 120 – 121
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith MA, Richey Harris PL, Sayre LM, Beckman JS, Perry G (1997) Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 17: 2653 – 2657
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Smith RG, Henry YK, Mattson MP, Appel SH (1998) Presence of 4-hydroxynonenal in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 44: 696 – 699
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sofic E, Lange KW, Jellinger K, Riederer (1992) Reduced and oxidized glutathione in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 142: 128 – 130
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Soong NW, Hinton DR, Cortopassi G et al (1992) Mosaicism for a specific somatic mitochondrial DNA mutation in adult human brain. Nat Genet 2: 318 – 323
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sorbi S, Bird ED, Blass JP (1983) Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in Huntington and Alzheimer brain. Ann Neurol 13: 72 – 78
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Spillantini MG, Murrell JR, Goedert M, Farlow MR, Klug A, Ghetti B (1998) Mutation in the tau gene in familial multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 7737–7741 Stahl WL, Swanson PD (1974) Biochemical abnormalities in Huntington’s chorea brains. Neurology 24: 813 – 819
  Google Scholar
• Steele J, Richardson J, Olszewski J (1964) Progressive supranuclear palsy. A heterogeneous degeneration involving the brainstem, basal ganglia and cerebellum with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia. Arch Neurol 10: 333 – 359
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Strittmatter G, Boehnke M, Wijman EM, Moore DK, Martin GM, Bird TD (1993) Apolipoprotein E: high avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 1977 – 1981
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Subbarao DV, Richardson JS, Ang LC (1990) Autopsy samples of Alzheimer’s cortex show increased peroxidation in vitro. J Neurochem 55: 342 – 345
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Sugiyama S, Hattori K, Hayakawa M et al (1991) Quantitative analysis of age-associated accumulation of mitochondrial DNA with deletion in human hearts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 180: 894-899 Swerdlow RH, Parks JK, Cassarino DS, Maguire DJ, Maguire RS, Bennett JP Jr et al (1997) Cybrids in Alzheimer’s disease: a cellular model of the disease? Neurology 49: 918 – 925
  Google Scholar
• Swerdlow RH, Parks JK, Cassarino DS, Trimmer PA, Miller SW, Maguire DJ, Sheehan JP, Maguire RS, Pattee G, Juel VC, Phillips LH, Tuttle JB, Bennett J JP, Davis RE, Parker J, WD (1998) Mitochondria in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 153: 135 – 142
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Trounce I, Byrne E, Marzuki S (1989) Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain functon: possible factor in aging. Lancet 1: 637 – 639
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Volterra A, Trotti D, Tromba C, Floridi S, Racagni G (1994) Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci 14: 2924 – 2932
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Wiedemann FR, Winkler K, Kuznetsov AV, Bartels C, Vielhaver S, Feistner H, Kunz WS (1998) Impairment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 156: 65 – 72
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Yan S-D, Chen X, Schmidt A-M, Brett J, Godman G, Zou Y-S et. al. (1994) Glycated tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease: a mechanism for induction of oxidant stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 7787 – 7791
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Yen T-C, King K-L, Lee H-C (1994) Age-dependent increase of mitochondrial DNA deletions together with lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase in human liver mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 16: 207 – 214
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Yoritaka A, Hattori N, Uchida K, Tanaka M, Stadtman ER, Mizuno Y (1996) Immuno- histochemical detection of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in Parkinson’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2696 – 2701
  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
• Yoshino H, Nakagawa-Hattori Y, Kondo T, Mizuno Y (1992) Mitochondrial complex I and II activities of lymphocytes and platelets in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (PD) 4: 27 – 34
  CAS Google Scholar

Download references