Distribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations (original) (raw)

Summary

The distribution of the human liver alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH2, genotypes in 21 different populations comprising Mongoloids, Caucasoids, and Negroids was determined by hybridization of the amplified genomic DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Whereas the frequency of the ADH 21 allele was found to be relatively high in the Caucasoids, Mexican Mestizos, Brazilian Indios, Swedish Lapps, Papua New Guineans and Negroids, the frequency of the ADH 22 gene was considerably higher in the Mongoloids and Australian Aborigines. The atypical ALDH2 gene (ALDH22) was found to be extremely rare in Caucasoids, Negroids, Papua New Guineans, Australian Aborigines and Aurocanians (South Chile). In contrast, this mutant gene was found to be widely prevalent among the Mongoloids. Individuals possessing the abnormal ALDH2 gene show alcohol-related sensitivity responses (e.g. facial flushing), have the tendency not to be habitual drinkers, and apparently suffer less from alcoholism and alcohol-related liver disease.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

• Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
• Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
• Cancel anytime View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

• Agarwal DP, Goedde HW (1990a) Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: genetic implications in alcohol sensitivity, alcohol-drinking habits, and alcoholism. In: Cloninger CR, Begleiter H (eds) Banbury report 33: Genetics and biology of alcoholism. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 253–263
  Google Scholar
• Agarwal DP, Goedde HW (1990b) Alcohol metabolism, alcohol intolerance and alcoholism. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
  Google Scholar
• Goedde HW, Agarwal DP (1987) Genetics and alcoholism. Liss, New York
  Google Scholar
• Goedde HW, Agarwal DP (1989) Acetaldehyde metabolism: genetic variation and physiological implications. In: Goedde HW, Agarwal DP (eds) Alcoholism: biomedical and genetic aspects. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 21–56
  Google Scholar
• Goedde HW, Harada S, Agarwal DP (1979) Racial differences in alcohol sensitivity: a new hypothesis. Hum Genet 51:331–334
  Google Scholar
• Goedde HW, Agarwal DP, Harada S (1986) Aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in North American, South American and Mexican Indians. Am J Hum Genet 38:395–399
  Google Scholar
• Goedde HW, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Fritze G, Stapel K, Paik YK (1989) Genotyping of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in blood samples using allele-specific oligonucleotides. Hum Genet 81:305–307
  Google Scholar
• Harada S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW (1985) Aldehyde dehydro-genase polymorphism and alcohol metabolism in alcoholics. Alcohol 2:391–392
  Google Scholar
• Hwu H-G, Yeh Y-L, Wang J-D (1991) Risk factors of alcoholism among Taiwan aborigines: implications for etiological models and the nosology of alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:267–272
  Google Scholar
• Meier-Tackmann D, Leonhardt RA, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW (1990) Effect of acute ethanol drinking on alcohol metabolism in subjects with different ADH and ALDH genotypes. Alcohol 7:413–418
  Google Scholar
• Peters TJ, MacPherson AJS, Ward RJ, Yoshida A (1990) Acquired and genetic deficiencies of cytosolic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. In: Cloninger CR, Begleiter H (eds) Banbury report 33: Genetics and biology of alcoholism. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 265–276
  Google Scholar
• Singh S, Fritze G, Fang B, Harada S, Paik YK, Eckey R, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW (1989) Inheritance of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase: genotyping in Chinese, Japanese and South Korean families reveals a dominance of the mutant allele. Hum Genet 83:118–121
  Google Scholar
• Shibuya A, Yoshida A (1988) Genotypes of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in Japanese with alcohol liver diseases: a strong association of the usual Caucasian-type aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDHsk1/2) with the disease. Am J Hum Genet 43:744–748
  Google Scholar
• Thomasson HR, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Mai X-L, Jerome RE, Li T-K, Wang S-P, Lin Y-T, Lu R-B, Yin S-J (1991) Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men. Am J Hum Genet 48:677–681
  Google Scholar
• Yamashita I, Ohmori T, Koyama T, Mori H, Boyadjive S, Kielholz P, Gastpar M, Moussaoui D, Bouzekraoui M, Sethi BB, Reyes BV, Varanian ME, Fuente JR de la, German GA, Bohacek N, Sartorious N, Morozov P, Prilpko LL (1990) Biological study of alcohol dependence syndrome with reference to ethnic difference: report of a WHO collaborative study. Jpn J Psychiatry 44:79–84
  Google Scholar
• Yeh E-K, Hwu H-G, Chen C-C, Yeh Y-L (1989) Alcoholism: a low risk disorder for Chinese? Community surveys in Taiwan. In: Sun GY, Rudeen PK, Wood WG, Wei YH, Sun AY (eds) Molecular mechanisms of alcohol. Neurobiology and metabolism. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ, pp 335–355
  Google Scholar
• Wolff PH (1972) Ethnic differences in alcohol sensitivity. Science 175:449–450
  Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. Institut für Humangenetik der Universität, Universität Hamburg, Butenfeld 32, W-2000, Hamburg 54, Germany
   H. W. Goedde, D. P. Agarwal, G. Fritze, D. Meier-Tackmann & S. Singh
2. Department of Medical Genetics, University of Umea, Umea, Sweden
   G. Beckmann
3. Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua, New Guinea
   K. Bhatia
4. Cytogenetics Unit, Adelaide Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia
   L. Z. Chen
5. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking, China
   B. Fang
6. Department of Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
   R. Lisker
7. Department of Genetics, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
   Y. K. Paik
8. Department of Genetics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
   F. Rothhammer
9. Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore
   N. Saha
10. School of Health Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
    B. Segal
11. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
    L. M. Srivastava
12. Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary
    A. Czeizel

Authors

1. H. W. Goedde
2. D. P. Agarwal
3. G. Fritze
4. D. Meier-Tackmann
5. S. Singh
6. G. Beckmann
7. K. Bhatia
8. L. Z. Chen
9. B. Fang
10. R. Lisker
11. Y. K. Paik
12. F. Rothhammer
13. N. Saha
14. B. Segal
15. L. M. Srivastava
16. A. Czeizel

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Goedde, H.W., Agarwal, D.P., Fritze, G. et al. Distribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations.Hum Genet 88, 344–346 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197271

Download citation

• Received: 05 June 1991
• Revised: 30 August 1991
• Issue date: January 1992
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197271

Keywords