A review of electron spin spectroscopy and its application to the study of paramagnetic defects in crystalline quartz (original) (raw)
- Abragam A, Bleaney B (1970) Electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions. Clarendon, Oxford
Google Scholar - Alonso PJ, Halliburton LE, Kohnke EE, Bossoli RB (1983) X-ray-induced luminescence in crystalline SiO2. J Appl Phys 54:5369–5375
Google Scholar - Amanis IK, Kliava JG (1977a) Modeles des centres paramagnetiques formes par les atomes de cuivre et d'argent dans le quartz. Phys Status Solidi A 41:385–392
Google Scholar - Amanis IK, Kliava JG (1977b) Super ultrafine structure of epr spectra of copper (Cu0) and silver (Ag0) centers in alpha-quartz. Fiz Khim Stekloobrazuyushchikh Sist 5:122–133 (Russ)
Google Scholar - Amanis IK, Kliava JG, Purans JJ, Truhin AN (1975) EPR of copper atoms in alpha-quartz. Phys Status Solidi B 31:K165-K167
Google Scholar - Anderson JH, Koth W (1959) Short-lived centers in irradiated germanium-doped quartz. Bull Am Phys Soc 4:285
Google Scholar - Anderson JH, Weil JA (1959) Paramagnetic resonance absorption of color centers in germanium-doped quartz. J Chem Phys 31:427–434
Google Scholar - Anderson JH, Feigl FJ, Schlesinger M (1974) The effects of heating on color centers in germanium-doped quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 35:1425–1428
Google Scholar - Arends J, Dekker AJ, Perdok WG (1963) Color centers in quartz produced by crushing. Phys Status Solidi 3:2275–2279
Google Scholar - Arnold GW (1965) Defect structure of crystalline quartz. Phys Rev A 139:1234–1239
Google Scholar - Atkins PW, Symons MCR (1967) The Structure of Inorganic Radicals. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Google Scholar - Augustine F, Hale DR (1958) Effect of aluminum and germanium on the spectral absorption of certain types of quartz growth. J Chem Phys 29:685–686
Google Scholar - Baker JM, Robinson PT (1983) EPR of a new defect in natural quartz: possibly O −2 . Solid State Commun 48:551–554
Google Scholar - Balitskii VS, Samoilovich MI (1975) EPR of gallium(4+) ions in irradiated synthetic quartz. Fiz Issled Kvartsa 27–31, 62–5 (Russ)
- Balitskii VS, Samoilovich MI, Tsinober LI, Zubkova EI (1969) Some characteristics of the occurrence of germanium in quartz crystals. Geochem Int 6:322–328 (Engl)
Google Scholar - Barker PR (1975) Hyperfine parameters of the Al centre in smoky quartz. J Phys C: Solid State Phys 8:L412-L414
Google Scholar - Barry TI, McNamara P, Moore WJ (1965) Paramagnetic resonance and optical properties of amethyst. J Chem Phys 42:2599–2606
Google Scholar - Barry TI, Moore WJ (1964) Amethyst: optical properties and paramagnetic resonance. Science 144:289–290
Google Scholar - Batrak EN (1958) A model for the color and luminescence centers in quartz. Sov Phys Crystallogr 3:633–634 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Becker W, Lehmann G (1980) Anomalous hyperfine splitting of 57Fe in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 35:367–369
Google Scholar - Bennett AJ, Roth LM (1971) Electronic structure of defect centers in SiO2. J Phys Chem Solids 32:1251–1261
Google Scholar - Bieri A, Kneubühl FK (1965) Group theory of paramagnetic resonance: a comparison. Phys Condens Matter 4:230–246
Google Scholar - Bossoli RB, Halliburton LE (1983) 27Al hyperfine and quadrupole interactions for the [AlO4]0 center in quartz. To be published
- Bossoli RB, Jani MG, Halliburton LE (1982) Radiation-induced E″ centers in crystalline SiO2. Solid State Commun 44:213–217
Google Scholar - Bozanic DA, Mergerian D, Minarik RW (1968) Electron spin-echo measurements of E′1 centers in crystalline quartz. Phys Rev Lett 21:541–542
Google Scholar - Brewer JH (1981a) Muonium in quartz. Hyperfine Interact 8:375–380
Google Scholar - Brewer JH (1981b) Muonium hyperfine matrix in quartz. Hyperfine Interact 8:405–408
Google Scholar - Brice JC (1980) The lattice constants of alpha-quartz. J Mater Sci 15:161–167
Google Scholar - Brik AB, Matyash IV (1983) Spin-lattice relaxation of oxygen(1-) (aluminum) centers in quartz. Ukr Fiz Zh (Russ Ed) 28:141–142
Google Scholar - Brik AB, Matyash IV, Fedotov YuV (1977) ENDOR on “forbidden” transitions. Ti3+(Li) centers in quartz. Sov Phys Solid State 19:40–43 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Brik AB, Matyash IV, Litovchenko AS, Samoilovich MI (1980) Electric field effect on paramagnetic aluminum-oxygen(-1) centres in quartz. Sov Phys Solid State 22:3161–3163 (Russ)
Google Scholar - Brower KL (1979) Electron paramagnetic resonance of aluminum E′1 centres in vitreous silica. Phys Rev B 20:1799–1811
Google Scholar - Brown CS, Thomas LA (1960) The effect of impurities on the growth of synthetic quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 13:337–343
Google Scholar - Car R, Pantelides ST (1983) Deep centers with large lattice distortions in semiconductors and SiO2. Bull Am Phys Soc 28:288–289
Google Scholar - Castle JG Jr, Feldman DW (1965) Resonance modes at defects in crystalline quartz. Phys Rev 137:A671-A673
Google Scholar - Castle JG Jr, Feldman DW, Klemens PG, Weeks RA (1963) Electron spin-lattice relaxation at defect sites; E′ centers in synthetic quartz at 3 kilo-oersteds. Phys Rev 130:577–588
Google Scholar - Chakraborty D, Lehmann G (1976) Distribution of OH in synthetic and natural quartz crystals. J Solid State Chem 17:305–311
Google Scholar - Chentsova LG, Tsinober LI, Samoilovich MI (1966) Quartz of amethyst color. Kristallografiya 11:236–244 (Russ)
Google Scholar - Chentsova LG, Tsinober LI, Samoilovich MI, Kolodieva SV (1972) Some features of the electrolysis of quartz crystals in air and in vacuum. Sov Phys Crystallogr 17:317–321 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ (1956a) Anisotropic color centers in alpha-quartz. Part I. Smoky quartz. J Chem Phys 25:908–914
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ (1956b) Color centers in the alpha-quartz called amethyst. Am Mineral 41:874–891
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ (1960) Substitutional and interstitial aluminum impurity in quartz, structure and color center interrelationships. J Phys Chem Solids 13:321–325
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ (1975) On the color centers of iron in amethyst and synthetic quartz: a reply. Am Mineral 60:338–339
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ, Hassan F (1970) Iron in synthetic quartz: heat and radiation induced changes. Science 167:176–177
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ, Hassan F (1974) Ferrous and ferric ions in synthetic alpha-quartz and natural amethyst. Am Mineral 59:719–728
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ, Makar LN (1982) Models for color centers in smoky quartz. Phys Status Solidi A 73:593–596
Google Scholar - Cohen AJ, Smith HL (1958) Anisotropic color centers in alpha-quartz. II. Germanium-doped synthetic quartz. J Chem Phys 24:401–405
Google Scholar - Cook AR, Matarrese LM (1969) Zero-field epr of Fe3+ in quartz. J Chem Phys 50:2361–2364
Google Scholar - Cox RT (1976) ESR of an _S_=2 centre in amethyst quartz and its possible identification as the d 4 ion Fe4+. J Phys C: Solid State Phys 9:3355–3361
Google Scholar - Cox RT (1977) Optical absorption of the d 4 ion iron (4+) in pleochroic amethyst quartz. J Phys C: Solid State Phys 10:4631–4643
Google Scholar - Daniels ME, Morton IP (1981) The thermal conductivity and magnetization of iron-doped quartz crystals. Physica 108B:867–868
Google Scholar - Davies JJ (1976) Optically-detected magnetic resonance and its applications. Contemp Phys 17:275–294
Google Scholar - Davis PH, Weil JA (1978) Silver atom center in alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 39:775–780
Google Scholar - Davis PH, Huang CY, Weil JA (1978) Paramagnetic aluminum-silver centers in alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 39:897–899
Google Scholar - Dennen WH, Puckett AM (1971) On the chemistry and color of rose quartz. Mineral Rec 3:226–227
Google Scholar - Dennen WH, Puckett AM (1972) On the chemistry and color of amethyst. Can Mineral 11:448–456
Google Scholar - Devine RAB, Golanski A (1983) Creation and annealing kinetics of magnetic oxygen vacancy centers in SiO2. J Appl Phys 54:3833–3838
Google Scholar - De Vos WJ, Volger J (1970) Dielectric relaxation phenomena in smoky quartz. Physica 47:13–37
Google Scholar - Ebert I, Hennig HP (1974) Elektronenspinresonanz von mechanisch aktiviertem Quarz. Z Phys Chemie (Leipzig) 255:812–814
Google Scholar - Fedoruk GG, Rutkovskii IZ (1982) Free induction of _E_′1-centres in crystalline quartz. Phys Status Solidi B 112:453–456
Google Scholar - Feigl FJ, Anderson JH (1970) Defects in crystalline quartz: Electron paramagnetic resonance of _E_′ vacancy centers associated with germanium impurities. J Phys Chem Solids 31:575–596
Google Scholar - Feigl FJ, Fowler WB, Yip KL (1974) Oxygen vacancy model for the _E_′1 center in SiO2. Solid State Commun 14:225–229
Google Scholar - Felsche J, Lietz J (1968a) Defects in quartz. I. Electrical conductivity and discoloration of smoky quartz. Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 109:238–249
Google Scholar - Felsche J, Lietz J (1968b) Defects in quartz. II. Field distribution in electrolytic discoloration of smoky quartz. Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh 109:250–258
Google Scholar - Fowler WB (1983) Theory of strongly relaxed defects in crystalline and amorphous oxides. Radiat Eff 72:27–38
Google Scholar - Friebele EJ, Ginther RJ, Sigel GH Jr (1974a) Radiation protection of fiber optic materials: effects of oxidation and reduction. Appl Phys Lett 24:412–414
Google Scholar - Friebele EJ, Griscom DL, Sigel GH Jr (1974b) Defect centers in a germanium-doped silica-core optical fiber. J Appl Phys 45:3424–3428
Google Scholar - Friebele EJ, Griscom DL, Stapelbroek M, Weeks RA (1979) Fundamental defect centers in glass: the peroxy radical in irradiated, high-purity, fused silica. Phys Rev Lett 42:1346–1349
Google Scholar - Gobsch G, Haberlandt H, Weckner HJ, Reinhold J (1978) Calculation of the g-tensor and 29Si hyperfine tensors of the _E_′1 centre in silicon dioxide. Phys Status Solidi B 90:309–317
Google Scholar - Goshen S, Friedman M, Thieberger R, Weil JA (1983) Models for the hydrogen atom confined within crystalline quartz. J Chem Phys 79:4363–4366
Google Scholar - Greenberger A, Mills AP, Thompson A, Berko S (1970) Evidence for positronium-like Bloch states in quartz single crystals. Phys Lett 32A:72–73
Google Scholar - Griffiths JHE, Owen J, Ward IM (1954) Paramagnetic resonance in neutron-irradiated diamond and smoky quartz. Nature 173:439–442
Google Scholar - Griffiths JHE, Owen J, Ward IM (1955) Magnetic resonance in irradiated diamond and quartz. Report of the Bristol Conference — Defects in Crystalline Solids. Phys Soc London 81–87
- Griscom DL (1979) _E_′ center in glassy silicon dioxide: microwave saturation properties and confirmation of the primary silicon-29 hyperfine structure. Phys Rev B 20:1823–1834
Google Scholar - Griscom DL (1980) E′ center in glassy SiO2: 17O, 1H, and “very weak” 29Si superhyperfine structure. Phys Rev B 22:4192–4202
Google Scholar - Griscom DL, Fowler WB (1980) Electron transfer model for E′-center optical absorption in silicon dioxide. The Physics of MOS insulators, Proc Int Topical Conf at Raleigh NC (USA) 97–101
- Griscom DL, Friebele EJ (1981) Fundamental defect centers in glass: 29Si hyperfine structure of the nonbridging oxygen hole center and the peroxy radical in _a_-SiO2. Phys Rev B 24:4896–4898
Google Scholar - Griscom DL, Friebele EJ, Long KJ, Fleming JW (1983) Fundamental defect centers in glass: esr and optical spectroscopic studies of irradiated phosphorus-doped silica glass and optical fibers. J Appl Phys 54:3743–3762
Google Scholar - Haberlandt H, Ritschl F (1980) CNDO/2 calculations of alpha-quartz. Phys Stat Solidi B 100:503–508
Google Scholar - Haberlandt H, Weckner HJ, Gobsch G, Reinhold J (1979) The g-tensor of the interstitial oxygen and the broken Si-O bond in silicon dioxide — a MO model calculation. Phys Stat Solidi B 93:K71-K75
Google Scholar - Halliburton LE, Koumvakalis N, Markes ME, Martin JJ (1981) Radiation effects in crystalline SiO2: the role of aluminum. J Appl Phys 52:3565–3574
Google Scholar - Halliburton LE, Perlson BD, Weeks RA, Weil JA, Wintersgill MC (1979) EPR study of the _E_′4 center in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 30:575–579
Google Scholar - Halperin A, Ralph JE (1963) Optical studies of anisotropic color centers in germanium-doped quartz. J Chem Phys 39:63–73
Google Scholar - Hassan F, Cohen AJ (1974) Biaxial color centers in amethyst quartz. Am Mineral 35:709–718
Google Scholar - Haven Y, Kats A, Van Wieringen JS (1966) Optical absorption and paramagnetic resonance of color centers in x-rayed alpha-quartz containing germanium. Philips Res Repts 21:446–476
Google Scholar - Hennig HP, Boden G, Ebert I, Jedamzik J, Geissler H, Steinike U (1980a) Einfluß einer Röntgenbestrahlung auf die epr-zentren in mechanisch aktiviertem Quarz. Z Chem 20:388–389
Google Scholar - Hennig HP, Ebert I, Steinike U, Geissler H, Kretzschmar U (1980b) Investigation of the interaction of quartz with H2 under supply of mechanical energy (I). Krist Tech 15:353–358
Google Scholar - Hickmott TW (1977) Annealing of surface states in polycrystalline silicon gate capacitors. J Appl Phys 28:723–733
Google Scholar - Hitt KB, Martin JJ (1983) Radiation-induced mobility of lithium and sodium in alpha-quartz. J Appl Phys 54:5030–5031
Google Scholar - Hutton DR (1964) Paramagnetic resonance of Fe+++ in amethyst and citrine quartz. Phys Lett 12:310–311
Google Scholar - Hutton DR, Troup GJ (1966) Paramagnetic resonance centres in amethyst and citrine quartz. Nature 211:621
Google Scholar - Ikari H (1980) Electric field dependence of positronium formation in crystalline quartz. Jpn J Appl Phys 19:L588-L590
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Weil JA, Claridge RFC (1978) The dynamic interchange and relation between germanium centers in alpha-quartz. J Chem Phys 69:4876–4884
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Weil JA (1979) Uncompensated titanium (3+) center in alpha-quartz. Phys Status Solidi A 52:K193
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Weil JA, Halliburton LE (1981) EPR and ab initio SCF-MO studies of the Si.H-Si system in the E′4 center of alpha-quartz. J Chem Phys 74:5436–5448
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Tennant WC, Uchida Y, Weil JA (1982) Biradical center in alpha-quartz. J Magn Reson 49:489–498
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Weil JA, Davis PH (1983a) EPR of atomic hydrogen 1H and 2H in alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 44:335–343
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Bowman MK, Norris JR, Weil JA (1983b) An electron spin echo envelope modulation study of lithium nuclear hyperfine and quadrupole coupling in the A(Ti-Li) center of alpha-quartz. J Chem Phys 78:1735–1746
Google Scholar - Isoya J, Bowman MK, Norris JR, Weil JA (1984a) An epr and eseem study of the temperature dependence of the lithium hyperfine structure of germanium defect centres in alpha-quartz. To be published
- Isoya J, Tennant WC, Weil JA (1984b) The 47,49Ti spin-Hamiltonian of center A(Ti-Li) in alpha-quartz. To be published
- Izumi T, Matsumori T (1975) Paramagnetic centers created in Si-SiO2 structure by ion implantation. Jpn J Appl Phys 14:1067–1068
Google Scholar - Jacobsen EH, Shiren NS, Tucker EB (1959) Effects of 9.2-kMc/sec ultrasonics on electron spin resonances in quartz. Phys Rev Lett 3:81–83
Google Scholar - Jain H, Nowick AS (1982a) Electrical conductivity of synthetic and natural quartz crystals. J Appl Phys 53:477–484
Google Scholar - Jain H, Nowick AS (1982b) Radiation-induced conductivity in quartz crystals. J Appl Phys 53:485–489
Google Scholar - Jakubith M, Lehmann G (1979) An epr study of shock-wave effects on amethyst and iron-doped quartz. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 83:609–614
Google Scholar - Jani MG, Bossoli RB, Halliburton LE (1983a) Further characterization of the _E_′1 center in crystalline SiO2. Phys Rev B 27:2285–2293
Google Scholar - Jani MG, Halliburton LE, Kohnke EE (1983b) Point defects in crystalline SiO2: thermally stimulated luminescence above room temperature. J Appl Phys 54:6321–6328
Google Scholar - Kats A (1958) Spectres d'absorption du verre de silice et du quartz cristallin contenant des impuretes de Ge. Verres Refract 12:191–205
Google Scholar - Kaul IK, Bhattacharya PK, Tolpadi S (1966) Age determination by study of the thermoluminescence of smoky quartz. J Geophys Res 71:1275–1282
Google Scholar - Kneubühl FK (1963) Symmetry and microwave spectra of polyatomic paramagnetic centers. Phys Condens Matter 1:410–447
Google Scholar - Kneubühl FK (1965) Paramagnetic resonance of centers with symmetries N, Ñ and N/M. Phys Condens Matter 4:50–62
Google Scholar - Koumvakalis N (1980) Defects in crystalline SiO2: optical absorption of the aluminum-associated hole center. J Appl Phys 51:5528–5532
Google Scholar - Koumvakalis N, Markes M (1980) Deuterization of synthetic quartz. J Appl Phys 51:3431–3432
Google Scholar - Krefft GB (1975) Effects of high-temperature electrolysis on the coloration characteristics and OH-absorption bands in alpha-quartz. Radiat Eff 26:249–259
Google Scholar - Laman FC, Weil JA (1977) Silver-compensated germanium center in alpha-quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 38:949–956
Google Scholar - Laman FC, Weil JA (1978) A germanium tri-hydrogen center in alpha-quartz. In The Physics of SiO2 and its Interfaces. Pantelides ST (ed). Pergamon, New York, pp 253–257
Google Scholar - Lang R, Calvo C, Datars WR (1977) Phase transformation in AlPO4 and quartz studied by electron paramagnetic resonance of Fe3+. Can J Phys 55:1613–1620
Google Scholar - Laves F, Schindler P, Weaver HE (1961) Eigenschaften von Elektrolyse-Farbzentren in Quarzkristallen. Naturwissenschaften 23:714
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1967) Farbzentren des Eisens als Ursache der Farbe von Amethyst. Z Naturforsch A 22:2080–2085
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1969a) Interstitial incorporation of di- and trivalent cobalt in quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 30:395–399
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1969b) Zur Farbe von Rosenquarz. Neues Jahrb Mineral Monatsh 5:222–225
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1971a) The structure of yellow iron centres in quartz. Phys Status Solidi B 48:K65-K67
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1971b) Yellow color centers in natural and synthetic quartz. Phys Condens Matter 13:297–306
Google Scholar - Lehmann G (1975) On the color centers of iron in amethyst and synthetic quartz: a discussion. Am Mineral 60:335–337
Google Scholar - Lehmann G, Moore WJ (1966) Color center in amethyst quartz. Science 152:1061–1062
Google Scholar - Le Page Y, Calvert LD, Gabe EJ (1980) Parameter variation in low-quartz between 94 and 298 K. J Phys Chem Solids 41:721–725
Google Scholar - Lorenze RV, Feigl FJ (1973) Defects in crystalline quartz: electron paramagnetic resonance of multiple-alkali-compensated centers associated with germanium impurities. Phys Rev B 8:4833–4841
Google Scholar - Lysakov VS (1978) Study of the luminescence of quartz activated by manganese ions. Izv Vyssh Uchebn Zaved Fiz 21:128–129 (Russ)
Google Scholar - Mackey JH Jr (1963) EPR study of impurity-related color centers in germanium-doped quartz. J Chem Phys 39:74–83
Google Scholar - Mackey JH Jr, Boss JW, Wood DE (1970) EPR study of substitutional-aluminum-related hole centers in synthetic alpha-quartz. J Magn Reson 3:44–54
Google Scholar - Markes ME, Halliburton LE (1979) Defects in synthetic quartz: Radiation-induced mobility of interstitial ions. J Appl Phys 50:8172–8180
Google Scholar - Maschmeyer D, Lehmann G (1982) An Al..O−-P radiation defect in rose-colored quartz. Solid State Chem. Proc Second European Conf, Veldhoven, Holland. In Studies in Inorganic Chemistry, Metselaar R, Heijligers HJM, Schoonman J (eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 315–318
Google Scholar - Maschmeyer D, Lehmann G (1983a) New hole centers in natural quartz. Submitted to Phys Chem Minerals
- Maschmeyer D, Lehmann G (1983b) A trapped hole center causing rose coloration of natural quartz. Z Kristallogr 163:181–196
Google Scholar - Maschmeyer D, Lehmann G (1983c) New electron centers in neutron-irradiated natural quartz. Submitted to Solid State Commun
- Maschmeyer D, Niemann K, Hake H, Lehmann G, Räuber A (1980) Two modified smoky quartz centers in natural citrine. Phys Chem Minerals 6:145–156
Google Scholar - Mashkovtsev RI, Solntsev VP, Shcherbakova MYa (1978) Paramagnetic centers with _S_=1 in alpha-quartz. Tr Inst Geol Geofiz, Akad Nauk SSSR, Sib Otd 385:86–91 (Russ)
Google Scholar - Matarrese LM, Wells JS, Peterson RL (1969) EPR spectrum of Fe3+ in synthetic brown quartz. J Chem Phys 50:2350–2360
Google Scholar - McLaren AC, Cook RF, Hyde ST, Tobin RC (1983) The mechanisms of the formation and growth of water bubbles and associated dislocation loops in synthetic quartz. Phys Chem Minerals 9:79–94
Google Scholar - McMorris DW (1971) Impurity color centers in quartz and trapped electron dating: electron spin resonance, thermoluminescence studies. J Geophys Res 76:7875–7887
Google Scholar - Medvedev EM (1976) Mechanism of the formation of E' centers in natural quartzes. Geokhimiya 457–459 (Russ)
- Meyer BK, Lohse F, Spaeth JM, Weil JA (1984) Optically detected magnetic resonance of the [AlO4]0 centre in crystalline quartz. Submitted to J Phys C: Solid State Phys
- Mitchell EWJ, Paige EGS (1955) The anisotropic absorption of the visible bands in irradiated alpha-quartz. Philos Mag 46:1353–1361
Google Scholar - Mitchell EWJ, Paige EGS (1956) The optical effects of radiation induced atomic damage in quartz. Philos Mag 1:1085–1115
Google Scholar - Moiseev BM, Rakov LT (1979) Kinetics of the breakdown of E pre-centres in quartz. Russ J Phys Chem 53:1482–1484 (Engl)
Google Scholar - Mombourquette MJ, Weil JA, Mezey PG (1984a) Ab initio SCF-MO calculations on AlO4 centres in alpha-quartz. I. Can J Phys 62:21–34
Google Scholar - Mombourquette MJ, Weil JA (1984b) Ab initio SCF-MO calculations on AlO4 centres in alpha-quartz. II. Can J Phys. To be published
- Mombourquette MJ, Tennant WC, Weil JA (1984c) EPR study of Fe3+ in alpha-quartz: a re-examination of the so-called I-centre. To be published
- Nassau K, Prescott BE (1975) A reinterpretation of smoky quartz. Phys Status Solidi A 20:659–663
Google Scholar - Nassau K, Prescott BE (1977) Smoky, blue, greenish-yellow, and other irradiation related colors in quartz. Mineral Mag 41:301–312
Google Scholar - Nassau K, Prescott BE (1978) Growth-induced radiation-developed pleochroic anisotropy in smoky quartz. Am Mineral 63:230–238
Google Scholar - Nelson CM, Weeks RA (1960) Trapped electrons in irradiated quartz and silica: I. Optical absorption. J Am Ceram Soc 43:396–399
Google Scholar - Nishi Y (1966) Electron spin resonance in SiO2 grown on silicon Jpn J Appl Phys 5:333
Google Scholar - Nishi Y (1971) Study of silicon-silicon dioxide structure by electron spin resonance I. Jpn J Appl Phys 10:52–62
Google Scholar - Nishi Y, Tanaka K, Ohwada A (1972) Study of silicon-silicon dioxide structure by electron spin resonance II. Jpn J Appl Phys 11:85–91
Google Scholar - Novozhilov AI, Samoilovich MI, Tsinober LI (1964) Short-lived paramagnetic centers in quartz containing germanium impurities. J Struct Chem 5:580–581 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA (1980a) Oxygen-17 hyperfine structure of trapped-hole center [AlO4]0 in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 35:789–791
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA (1980b) Two hydrogenic trapped-hole species in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 33:99–102
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA (1981a) The magnetic properties of the oxygen-hole aluminum centers in crystalline SiO2·I·[AlO4]0. Can J Phys 59:1696–1708
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA (1981b) The magnetic properties of the oxygen-hole aluminum centers in crystalline SiO2·II·[AlO4/H+]+ and [AlO4/Li+]+. Can J Phys 59:1709–1718
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA (1981c) The magnetic properties of the oxygen-hole aluminum centers in crystalline SiO2·III·[AlO4]+. Can J Phys 59:1886–1892
Google Scholar - Nuttall RHD, Weil JA, Claridge RFC (1976) Double-hole aluminum center in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 19:141–142
Google Scholar - O'Brien MCM (1955) The structure of the colour centres in smoky quartz. Proc Roy Soc A 231:404–414
Google Scholar - O'Brien MCM, Pryce MHL (1955) Paramagnetic resonance in irradiated diamond and quartz: interpretation. Report of the Bristol Conference — Defects in Crystalline Solids. Phys Soc London 88–91
- Okada M, Rinneberg H, Weil JA, Wright PM (1971) EPR of Ti3+ centers in alpha-quartz. Chem Phys Lett 11:275–276
Google Scholar - Perlson BD, Weil JA (1974) Atomic hydrogen in alpha-quartz. J Magn Res 15:594–595
Google Scholar - Pilbrow JR, Lowrey MR (1980) Low-symmetry effects in electron paramagnetic resonance. Rep Prog Phys 43:433–495
Google Scholar - Poole CP Jr (1983) Electron Spin Resonance: Wiley, New York
Google Scholar - Poole CP Jr, Farach HA (1972) The Theory of Magnetic Resonance. Wiley, New York
Google Scholar - Radtsig VA (1979) Paramagnetic centers on pristine quartz surfaces. The reaction with H2 and D2 molecules. Kinet Catal 20:373–379 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Rae AD (1969) Relationship between the experimental Hamiltonian and the point symmetry of a paramagnetic species in a crystal. J Chem Phys 50:2672–2685
Google Scholar - Rinneberg H, Weil JA (1972) EPR studies of Ti3+ − H+ centers in x-irradiated alpha-quartz. J Chem Phys 56:2019–2028
Google Scholar - Roitsin AB (1981) Generalized spin-Hamiltonian and low-symmetry effects in paramagnetic resonance. Phys Status Solidi (B) 104:11–35
Google Scholar - Ruffa AR (1970) Model for the E'1 center in SiO2. Phys Rev Lett 25:650–652
Google Scholar - Sachs M (1960) Rotational properties of paramagnetic resonance spectra of noncubic crystals. J Phys Chem Solids 15:291–305
Google Scholar - Saint-Paul M, Joffrin J (1982) Electric dipole echoes in smoky quartz at very low temperatures. J Low Temp Phys 49:195–212
Google Scholar - Samoilovich MI, Gordienko LA, Tsinober LI (1970a) Kinetics of the formation of radiation centers of smoky color in synthetic quartz. Sov Radiochem 12:107–109 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Samoilovich MI, Tsinober LI, Kreiskop VN (1970b) Features of the smoky color of natural quartz crystals: morions. Sov Phys Crystallogr 15:438–440 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Samoilovich MI, Tsinober LI, Khadzhi VE, Gordienko LA (1972) Radiation-induced diffusion of alkali ions and protons in quartz. Sov Phys Crystallogr 17:147–150 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Samoilovich MI, Novozhilov AI, Tsinober LI, Malyshev AG (1973) ESR spectrum of the O− hole center in natural quartz. J Struct Chem 14:416–419 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Scala CM, Hutton DR (1976) Site assignment of Fe3+ in alpha-quartz. Phys Status Solidi B 73:K115-K117
Google Scholar - Schirmer OF (1976) Smoky coloration of quartz caused by bound small hole polaron optical absorption. Solid State Commun 18:1349–1351
Google Scholar - Schirmer OF (1980a) Small polaron aspects of defects in oxide materials. J Phys Colloque (Orsay Fr) (C6) 41:479–484
Google Scholar - Schirmer OF (1980b) Assignment of the optical absorption of the E'1 center in SiO2. The Physics of MOS Insulators — Proc Int Topical Conf at Raleigh NC (USA) 102–106
- Schnadt R, Räuber A (1971) Motional effects in the trapped-hole center in smoky quartz. Solid State Commun 9:159–161
Google Scholar - Schnadt R, Schneider J (1970) The electronic structure of the trapped hole center in smoky quartz. Phys Condens Matter 11:19–42
Google Scholar - Seifarth J, Bartuk U, Karthe W (1981) Zur Kinetik paramagnetischer Eisenzentren in Alpha-Quarz. Silikattechnik 31:276
Google Scholar - Semenov KP, Fotchenkov AA (1977) Effectiveness of the action of various forms of radiation on quartz. Sov Phys Crystallogr 22:326–330 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Shamfarov Yal, Smirnova TA (1963) Investigation of spin-lattice relaxation in neutron-irradiated quartz. Sov Phys Solid State 5:761–763 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Sibley WA, Martin JJ, Wintersgill MC, Brown JD (1979) The effect of radiation on the OH infrared absorption of quartz crystals. J Appl Phys 50:5449–5452
Google Scholar - Silsbee RH (1961) Electron spin resonance in neutron-irradiated quartz. J Appl Phys 32:1459–1462
Google Scholar - Skinner R, Weil JA (1978) Spin-Hamiltonian energies and state vectors. II. J Magn Reson 29:223–241
Google Scholar - Smith G, Vance ER, Hasan Z, Edgar A, Runciman WA (1978) A charge transfer mechanism for the colour of rose quartz. Phys Status Solidi A 46:K135-K140
Google Scholar - Solntsev VP, Lysakov VS (1975) ESR and luminescence investigation of the electron capture centers in irradiated quartz. J Appl Spectr 22:339–341 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Solntsev VP, Mashkovtsev RI (1978) Stabilization of silver and copper atoms in alpha-quartz. Sov Phys Solid State 20:471–474 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Solntsev VP, Shcherbakova MYa (1972) Electron spin resonances of Ti3+ in alpha-quartz and zircon. J Struct Chem 13:859–861 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Solntsev VP, Mashkovtsev RI, Shcherbakova MYa (1974) Copper and nickel centers in alpha-quartz. Sov Phys Solid State 16:1192–1193 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Solntsev VP, Mashkovtsev RI, Shcherbakova MYa (1977) Electron paramagnetic resonance of the radiation centers in quartz. J Struct Chem 18:578–583 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Stock HD, Lehmann G (1977) Phenomena associated with diffusion of trivalent iron in amethyst quartz. J Phys Chem Solids 38:243–246
Google Scholar - Suryanarayana D, Weil JA (1976) On the hyperfine splitting of the hydrogen atom in a spherical box. J Chem Phys 64:510–513
Google Scholar - Taylor AL, Farnell GW (1964) Spin-lattice interaction experiments on color centers in quartz. Can J Phys 42:595–607
Google Scholar - Tsinober LI, Samoilovich MI, Gordienko LA (1966) Some characteristics of smoky color in quartz crystals doped with aluminum and germanium. Sov Phys Crystallogr 10:732–735 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Tsinober LI, Samoilovich MI, Gordienko LA, Chentsova LG (1967) Anomalous pleochroism in synthetic smoky quartz crystals. Sov Phys Crystallogr 12:53–56 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Uchida Y (1977) ESR studies of phosphoric ion in alpha-quartz. J Phys Soc Jpn 42:1937–1941
Google Scholar - Uchida Y, Isoya J, Weil JA (1979) Dynamic interchange among three states of phosphorus(4+) in alpha-quartz. I. J Phys Chem 83:3462–3467
Google Scholar - Uchida Y, Isoya J, Weil JA (1984) Dynamic interchange among three states of phosphorus(4+) in alpha-quartz. II. J Phys Chem. To be published
- Vakhidov ShA, Gasanov EM, Ibragimov ZhD, Yarkulov U (1973) Mechanism of the restoration of the center of the smoky color of thermochemically treated alpha-quartz by radiation. Radiochem 15:469–471 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Van den Brom WE, Volger J (1974) Electromodulated absorption in smoky quartz. Physica 75:245–267
Google Scholar - Van Wieringen JS, Haven Y, Kats A (1963) Paramagnetic resonance of colour centres in alpha-quartz containing germanium. In Magnetic and Electric Resonance and Relaxation. Proceedings of the XIth Colloque Ampere. 1962. Eindhoven. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 403–408
Google Scholar - Vazhenin VA, Sherstkov YuA (1974) Effect of electric field on ESR spectrum of Fe3+ in alpha-quartz. Sov Phys Crystallogr 19:104 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Vereshchak MF, Zhetbaev AK, Kaipov DK, Satpaev KK (1973) Mössbauer effect in impurity atoms of Fe57 in quartz single crystals. Sov Phys Solid State 14:2638–2639 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar - Von Vultee J, Lietz J (1956) Über die Rolle des Titans als Färbungsursache von Blau- und Rosenquarzen. Neues Jahrb Mineral Monatsh 3:49–58
Google Scholar - Wang ST, Farnell GW (1965) Concentration dependence of spinlattice relaxation time of color centers in quartz. Can J Phys 43:1919–1921
Google Scholar - Weeks RA (1956) Paramagnetic resonance of lattice defects in irradiated quartz. J Appl Phys 27:1376–1381
Google Scholar - Weeks RA (1963) Paramagnetic spectra of E'2 centers in crystalline quartz. Phys Rev 130:570–576
Google Scholar - Weeks RA (1970) Paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption in gamma-ray irradiated alpha-quartz: the “Al” center. J Am Ceram Soc 53:176–179
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Abraham M (1965a) Electron spin resonance of irradiated quartz: atomic hydrogen. J Chem Phys 42:68–71
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Abraham M (1965b) Spin-one states of defects in quartz. Bull Am Phys Soc 10:374
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Lell E (1964) Relation between E' centers and hydroxyl bonds in silica. J Appl Phys 35:1932–1938
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Nelson CM (1960a) Irradiation effects and short-range order in fused silica and quartz. J Appl Phys 31:1555–1558
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Nelson CM (1960b) Trapped electrons in irradiated quartz and silica: II. Electron spin resonance. J Am Ceram Soc 43:399–404
Google Scholar - Weeks RA, Sonder E (1962) The relation between the magnetic susceptibility, spin resonance, and optical absorption of the _E_′1 center in fused silica. Proc First Int Conf on Paramagnetic Resonance, Jerusalem, pp. 869–879
- Weil JA (1971a) The analysis of large hyperfine splitting in paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 4:394–399
Google Scholar - Weil JA (1971b) Germanium-hydrogen-lithium center in alpha-quartz. J Chem Phys 55:4685–4698
Google Scholar - Weil JA (1975a) Comments on second-order spin-Hamiltonian energies. J Magn Reson 18:113–116
Google Scholar - Weil JA (1975b) The aluminum centers in alpha-quartz. Radiat Eff 26:261–265
Google Scholar - Weil JA (1979) Hydrogen atom in a spherical box. II. Effect on hyperfine energy of excited state admixture. J Chem Phys 71:2803–2805
Google Scholar - Weil JA (1981) Electric field effects on the ground state hyperfine structure of hydrogenic atoms. Can J Phys 59:841–851
Google Scholar - Weil JA, Anderson JH (1961) Direct field effects in electron paramagnetic resonance hyperfine spectra. J Chem Phys 35:1410–1417
Google Scholar - Weil JA, Buch T, Clapp JE (1973) Crystal point group symmetry and microscopic tensor properties in magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Adv Magn Reson 6:183–257
Google Scholar - Weil JA, Huang CY, Davis PH (1978) Paramagnetic Ag2/AlO4 center in alpha-quartz. Solid State Commun 27:1263–1264
Google Scholar - Wertz JE, Bolton JR (1972) Electron spin resonance. McGraw-Hill, New York
Google Scholar - Wright PM, Weil JA, Buch T, Anderson JH (1963) Titanium colour centers in rose quartz. Nature 197:246–248
Google Scholar - Yip KL, Fowler WB (1975) Electronic structure of E'1 centers in SiO2. Phys Rev B 11:2327–2338
Google Scholar - Zaitov MM, Zaripov MM, Samoilovich MI, Khadzhi VE, Tsinober LI (1975) Fe3+ epr spectrum in irradiated quartz. Sov Phys Crystallogr 19:674–675 (Engl Transl)
Google Scholar