Ontogeny of the human thymus during fetal development (original) (raw)

References

  1. Miller JFAP, Osoba D: Current concepts of the immunological function of the thymus. Physiol Rev 47:437, 1967
    Google Scholar
  2. Stutman O: Intrathymic and extrathymic T cell maturation. Immunol Rev 42:138, 1978
    Google Scholar
  3. Haynes BF: The human thymic microenvironment. Adv Immunol 36:87, 1984
    Google Scholar
  4. Cordier AC, Hammont SJ: Development of thymus, parathyroids and ultimo-branchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice. Am J Anat 157:227, 1980
    Google Scholar
  5. Bockman DE, Kirby ML: Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. Science 223:498, 1984
    Google Scholar
  6. Auerbach R: Morphogenetic interactions in the development of the mouse thymus gland. Dev Biol 2:271, 1960
    Google Scholar
  7. LeDouarin NM, Jotereau FV: Tracing the cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras. J Exp Med 142:17, 1975
    Google Scholar
  8. Pyke RW, Dosch HM, Ipp MM, Gelfand EW: Demonstration of an intrathymic defect in a case of severe combined immunodeficiency disease. N Engl J Med 293:424, 1975
    Google Scholar
  9. Pahwa R, Pahwa S, Good RA, Incefy GS, O'Reilly RJ: Rationale for combined use of fetal liver and thymus for immunological reconstruction in patients with variants of severe combined immunodeficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3002, 1977
    Google Scholar
  10. Reinherz EL, Kung PC, Goldstein, G,et al.: Discrete stages of human intrathymic differentiation: Analysis of normal thymocytes and leukemic lymphoblasts of T lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:1588, 1980
    Google Scholar
  11. Acuto O, Fabbi M, Beusussan A,et al.: The human T cell receptor. J Clin Immunol 5:141, 1985
    Google Scholar
  12. Furley AJ, Mizutani S, Weilbaecher K,et al.: Developmentally regulated rearrangement and expression of genes encoding the T cell receptor-T3 complex. Cell 46:75, 1986
    Google Scholar
  13. Davey MP, Bongiovanni KF, Kaulfersch W, Quertermous T, Seidman JG, Hershfield MS, Kurtzberg J, Haynes BF, Davis MM, Waldmann TA: Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression in human lymphoid leukemias at different stages of maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:8759, 1986
    Google Scholar
  14. Royer HD, Acuto O, Fabbi M,et al.: Genes encoding the Ti subunit of the antigen/MHC receptor undergo rearrangement during intrathymic ontogeny prior to surface T3-Ti expression. Cell 39:261, 1984
    Google Scholar
  15. Minden MD, Mak TW: The structure of the T cell antigen receptor genes in normal and malignant T cells. Blood 68:327, 1986
    Google Scholar
  16. Snodgrass HR, Dembic Z, Steinmetz M,et al.: Expression of T cell antigen receptor gene during fetal development in the thymus. Nature 315:232, 1985
    Google Scholar
  17. Scollay R: Control of T cell development. Nature 314:16, 1985
    Google Scholar
  18. Haynes BF: Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of the human thymic microenvironment. Clin Res 32:500, 1984
    Google Scholar
  19. Haynes BF: The role of the thymic microenvironment in promotion of early stages of T cell maturation. Clin Res 34:422, 1986
    Google Scholar
  20. Singer KH, Harden EA, Robertson AL,et al.:In vitro growth and phenotypic characterization of mesodermal-derived and epithelial component of normal and abnormal human thymus. Hum Immunol 13:161, 1985
    Google Scholar
  21. Lobach DF, Scearce RM, Haynes BF: The human thymic microenvironment: Phenotypic characterization of Hassall's bodies with the use of monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 134:250, 1985
    Google Scholar
  22. Haynes BF, Scearce RM, Lobach DF, Hensley LL: Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of mesodermal-derived and endocrine epithelial components of the human thymic microenvironment. J Exp Med 159:1149, 1984
    Google Scholar
  23. Lobach DF, Hensley LL, Ho W, Haynes BF: Human T cell antigen expression during early stages of fetal thymocyte maturation. J Immunol 135:1752, 1985
    Google Scholar
  24. Haynes BF, Warren RW, Buckley RH,et al.: Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency disease. J Immunol 130:1182, 1983
    Google Scholar
  25. MacFarland EJ, Scearce RM, Haynes BF: The human thymic microenvironment: Cortical thymic epithelium is an antigenically distinct region of the thymic microenvironment. J Immunol 133:1241, 1984
    Google Scholar
  26. Laster AJ, Itoh T, Palker TJ, Haynes BF: The human thymic microenvironment: Thymic epithelium contain specific keratins associated with early and late stages of epidermal keratinocyte maturation. Differentiation 31:67, 1986
    Google Scholar
  27. Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF: The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes. Cell 19:821, 1980
    Google Scholar
  28. Umiel T, Daley JF, Bhan AK,et al.: Acquisition of immune competence by a subset of human cortical thymocytes expressing mature T cell antigens. J Immunol 129:1054, 1982
    Google Scholar
  29. Haynes BF, Harden EA, Telen MJ,et al.: Differentiation of T lymphocytes. I. Acquisition of a noval human surface protein (p80) during normal intrathymic T cell maturation. J Immunol 131:1195, 1983
    Google Scholar
  30. Weller GL: Development of the thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus glands in man. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 22:95, 1933
    Google Scholar
  31. Norris EH: The morphogenesis and histogenesis of the thymus gland in man: in which the origin of the Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus is discovered. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst 27:193, 1938
    Google Scholar
  32. Papiernik M: Correlation of lymphocyte transformation and morphology in the human fetal thymus. Blood 36:470, 1970
    Google Scholar
  33. Haynes BF, Shimizu K, Eisenbarth GS: Identification of human and rodent thymic epithelium using tetanus toxin and monoclonal antibody A2B5. J Clin Invest 71:9, 1983
    Google Scholar
  34. Eisenbarth GS, Shimizu K, Bowring M,et al.: Expression of receptors for tetanus toxin and monoclonal antibody A2B5 by pancreatic islet cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:5066, 1982
    Google Scholar
  35. Lobach DF, Itoh T, Singer KH, Haynes BF: The thymic microenvironment: Characterization of_in vitro_ differentiation of the IT26R21 rat thymic epithelial cell line. Differentiation, in press, 1987
  36. Crouse DA, Turpen JB, Sharp JG: Thymic non-lymphoid cells. Surv Immunol Res 4:120, 1985
    Google Scholar
  37. Haynes BF, Robert-Guroff M, Metzgar RS,et al.: Monoclonal antibody against human T cell leukemia virus p19 defines a human thymic epithelial antigen acquired during ontogeny. J Exp Med 157:907, 1983
    Google Scholar
  38. Robert-Guroff MS, Ruscetti FW, Posner LE,et al.: Detection of the human T cell lymphoma virus p19 in cells of some patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma and leukemia using a monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 154:1957, 1987
    Google Scholar
  39. Ralfkiaer E, Pulford KAF, Gatten KC,et al.: Reactivity of T lymphotropic retrovirus antibody (12/1–2) in man: Comparison of epidermis with other epithelial cells. J Clin Pathol 39:547, 1986
    Google Scholar
  40. Palker TJ, Scearce RM, Haynes BF: Monoclonal antibody to human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) p19 core protein reacts with a subset of keratin intermediate filaments in human thymic epithelium (submitted for publication), 1987
  41. Laster AL, Buckley R, Hong R, Haynes BF: Phenotypic characterization of thymus tissue from patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (submitted for publication), 1987
  42. Todd RF, Nadler LM, Schlossman SF: Antigens on human monocytes identified by monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 126:1435, 1981
    Google Scholar
  43. Dimtriu-Bona A, Burmeister GR, Waters SJ,et al.: Human mononuclear phagocyte differentiation antigens. J Immunol 130:145, 1983
    Google Scholar
  44. Janossy G, Bofill M, Poulter LW,et al.: Separate ontogeny of two macrophage-like accessory cell populations in the human fetus. J Immunol 136:4354, 1986
    Google Scholar
  45. Natali PG, Ng, AK, Nicotra MR,et al.: Ontogeny of human Ia antigens. Cell Immunol 73:385, 1982
    Google Scholar
  46. Raitsina SS, Kalinina II: Differentiation of thymic lymphoid cells during human embryogenesis. Dev Comp Immunol 8:225, 1984
    Google Scholar
  47. Gatien JF, Schneeberger EE, Merler E: Analysis of human thymocyte subpopulations using discontinuous gradients of albumin: Precursor lymphocytes in human thymus. Eur J Immunol 5:312–317, 1975
    Google Scholar
  48. Kamps WA, Cooper MD: Development of lymphocyte subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies in human fetus. J Clin Immunol 4:36, 1984
    Google Scholar
  49. Wara DW, Golbus MS, Ammann AJ: Fetal thymus glands obtained from prostaglandin-induced abortions. Transplantation 18:387, 1984
    Google Scholar
  50. Janossy G, Tiedman N, Papageorgiou ES,et al.: Distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the human bone marrow and thymus: An analysis with monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 126:1608, 1983
    Google Scholar
  51. Janossy G, Thomas JA, Collum FJ,et al.: The human thymic microenvironment: An immunohistochemical study. J Immunol 125:202, 1980
    Google Scholar
  52. Hayward AR, Ezer G: Development of lymphocyte populations in the human fetal thymus and spleen. Clin Exp Immunol 17:169, 1974
    Google Scholar
  53. Rieband Y, Boumsell L, Coppin H,et al.: Correspondence between lectin-defined and surface antigen-defined cell subpopulations in the human thymus: its variation during ontogeny. J Immunol 127:252, 1981
    Google Scholar
  54. Rosenthal P, Rimm IJ, Umiel T, Griffin JD, Osathanodh R, Schlossman SF, Nadler LM: Ontogeny of human hematopoietic cells: Analysis utilizing monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 31:232–237, 1983
    Google Scholar
  55. Natali PG, Segatto O, Ferrone S,et al.: Differential tissue distribution and ontogeny of DC-1 and HLA DR antigens. Immunogenetics 19:109, 1984
    Google Scholar
  56. Haynes BF, Crummett B, Lobach DF: Phenotypic characterization of pre-T cells in human fetal tissues (submitted for publication), 1987
  57. Amiot M, Bernard A, Raynal B,et al.: Heterogeneity of the first cluster of differentiation: Characterization and epitopic mapping of three CD-1 molecules on normal human thymus cells. J Immunol 136:1752, 1986
    Google Scholar
  58. Snow PM, Van de Rijn M, Terhorst C: Association between the human thymic differentiation antigens T6 and T8. Eur J Immunol 15:529, 1985
    Google Scholar
  59. Brenner MB, McLean J, Dialynas DP, Strominger JL,et al.: Identification of a putative second T cell receptor. Nature 322:145, 1986
    Google Scholar
  60. Bank I, DiPinho A, Brenner MD,et al.: A functional T3 molecule associated with a normal heterodimer on the surface of immature human thymocytes. Nature 322:179, 1986
    Google Scholar
  61. Singer KH, Wolf LS, Lobach, DF,et al.: Human thymocytes bind to autologous and allogeneic thymic epithelial cells_in vitro_. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:6588, 1986
    Google Scholar
  62. Denning S, Tuck DT, Singer KH, Haynes BF: Human thymic epithelial cells function as accessory cells for autologous mature thymocyte activation. J Immunol, in press, 1987
  63. Denning S, Tuck DT, Singer KH, Haynes BF: Human thymic epithelial cells directly activate autologous immature T cells (submitted for publication), 1987
  64. Wolf L, Tuck DT, Springer TA, Haynes BF, Singer KH: Thymocyte binding to human thymic epithelial cells is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to CD-2 and LFA-3 antigens. J Immunol (in press), 1987
  65. Krensky AM, Robbins E, Springer TA,et al.: LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 antigens are involved in CTL-target conjugation. J Immunol 132:2180, 1984
    Google Scholar
  66. Plunkett ML, Sanders ME, Selvaraj P,et al.: The T lymphocyte glycoprotein CD-2 (LFA-2/T11/E-rosette receptor) binds the cell surface ligand LFA-3. J Exp Med (in press), 1987
  67. Shaw S, Ginther-Luce GE, Quinones R,et al.: Two antigen-independent adhension pathways used by human cytotoxic T cell lines. Nature 323:262, 1986
    Google Scholar
  68. Le PT, Tuck DT, Dinarello CA, Haynes BF, Singer KH: Human thymic epithelial cells produce interleukin-1. J Immunol, in press, 1987
  69. Palker TJ, Scearce RM, Hensley LL,et al.: Comparison of the CD-7 (3A1) group of T cell workshop antibodies.In Leukocyte Typing II, Vol 1. Human T Lymphocytes, E Reinherz, B Haynes, L Nadler, I Bernstein (eds). New York, Springer-Verlag, 1986, p 303
    Google Scholar
  70. Haynes BF, Metzgar RM, Bunn PA, Minna J: Phenotypic characterization of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Use of monoconal antibodies to compare with other malignant T cells. N Engl J Med 304:1319, 1981
    Google Scholar
  71. Vodinelick L, Tax W, Bai Y,et al.: A monoclonal antibody (WT-1) for detecting leukemia of T cell precursors. Blood 62:1108, 1983
    Google Scholar
  72. Hershfield MS, Kurtzberg J, Harden E,et al.: Conversion of a stem cell leukemia from a T lymphoid to a myeloid phenotype induced by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2′-deoxycoformycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:252, 1984
    Google Scholar
  73. Van Dongen JJM, Hooijkaas H, Comans-Bittes M,et al.: Human bone marrow cells positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT), HLA-DR, and a T cell marker may represent prothymocytes. J Immunol 135:3144, 1985
    Google Scholar

Download references