Urokinase (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 are strong and independent prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer (original) (raw)

References

  1. Danø K, Andreasen PA, Grøndahl-Hansen J, Kristensen P, Nielsen LS, Skriver L: Plasminogen activators, tissue degradation and cancer. Adv Cancer Res 44:139–266, 1985
    PubMed Google Scholar
  2. Markus G: The relevance of plasminogen activators to neoplastic growth. Enzyme 40:158–172, 1988
    PubMed Google Scholar
  3. Blasi F: Surface receptors for urokinase plasminogen activator. Fibrinolysis 2:73–84, 1988
    Google Scholar
  4. Mangel WF: Better reception for urokinase. Nature 344:488–489, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  5. Schlechte W, Murano G, Boyd D: Examination of the role of the urokinase receptor in human colon cancer mediated laminin degradation. Cancer Res 49:6064–6069, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  6. Stoppelli MP, Tacchetti C, Cubellis MV, Corti A, Hearing VJ, Cassani G, Appella E Blasi F: Autocrine saturation of pro-urokinase receptors on human A431 cells. Cell 45:675–684, 1986
    PubMed Google Scholar
  7. Vassalli JD, Baccino D, Belin D: A cellular binding site for the Mr 55,000 form of the human plasminogen activator, urokinase. J Cell Biol 100:86–92, 1985
    PubMed Google Scholar
  8. Bachmann F: Thrombosis and haemostasis.In Verstraete M, Lijnen HR, Arnout J (eds). International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leuven University Press, Leuven, 1987, pp 227–265
    Google Scholar
  9. Kobayashi H, Schmitt M, Goretzki L, Chucholowski N, Calvete J, Kramer M, Günzler WA, Jänicke F, Graeff H: Cathepsin B efficiently activates the soluble and the tumor cell receptor-bound form of the proenzyme urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA). J Biol Chem 266:5147–5152, 1990
    Google Scholar
  10. Burtin P, Chavanel G, André J: The plasmin system in human colonic tumors: an immunofluorescence study. Int J Cancer 35:307–314, 1985
    PubMed Google Scholar
  11. Miles LA, Plow EF: Plasminogen receptors: Ubiquitous sites for cellular regulation of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis 2:61–71, 1988
    Google Scholar
  12. Trygvasson K: Extracellular matrix and its enzymatic degradation in tumor invasion (A review).In Liotta LA (ed) Influence of Tumor Development on the Host. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989, pp. 72–83
    Google Scholar
  13. Dvorak HF: Tumors: Wounds that do not heal. N Engl J Med 315:161–165, 1986
    PubMed Google Scholar
  14. Wilhelm O, Hafter R, Coppenrath E, Pflanz MA, Schmitt M, Babic R, Linke R, Gössner W, Graeff H: Fibrin-fibronectin compounds in human ovarian tumor ascites and their possible relation to the tumor stroma. Cancer Res 48:507–3514, 1988
    PubMed Google Scholar
  15. Wilhelm O, Hafter R, Henschen A, Schmitt M, Graeff H: Role of plasmin in the degradation of the stroma-derived fibrin in human ovarian carcinoma. Blood 75:1673–1678, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  16. Duffy MJ, Reilly D, O'Sullivan C, O'Higgins N, Fennelly JJ, Andreasen P: Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a new and independent prognostic marker in breast cancer. Cancer Res 50:6827–6829, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  17. Duffy MJ, Reilly D, O'Sullivan C, O'Higgins N, Fennelly JJ: Urokinase plasminogen activator and prognosis in breast cancer. Lancet 335:108, 1990
    Google Scholar
  18. Jänicke F, Schmitt M, Ulm K, Gössner W, Graeff H: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen and early relapse in breast cancer. Lancet ii:1049, 1989
    Google Scholar
  19. Jänicke F, Schmitt M, Hafter R, Hollrieder A, Babic R, Ulm K, Gössner W, Graeff H: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) antigen is a predictor of early relapse in breast cancer. Fibrinolysis 4:69–78, 1990
    Google Scholar
  20. Jänicke F, Schmitt M, Graeff H: Clinical relevance of the urokinase-type and the tissue-type plasminogen activators and of their inhibitor PAI-1 in breast cancer. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 17:303–312, 1991
    PubMed Google Scholar
  21. Duffy M, O'Grady P, Devaney D, O'Siorain L, Fennelly JJ, Lijnen HJ: Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a marker for aggressive breast carcinomas. Cancer 62:531–533, 1988
    PubMed Google Scholar
  22. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group: Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. 133 randomised trials involving 31,000 recurrences and 24,000 deaths among 75,000 women. Lancet 339:1–15 + 71–85, 1992
    Google Scholar
  23. McGuire WL, Tandon AK, Allred DC, Chamness GC, Clark GM: How to use prognostic factors in axillary node-negative breast cancer patients. JNCI 82:1006–1015, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  24. Schmitt M, Kanayama N, Henschen A, Hollrieder A, Hafter R, Gulba D, Jänicke F, Graeff H: Elastase released from human granulocytes stimulated with N-formyl-chemotactic peptide prevents activation of tumor cell prourokinase. FEBS Lett 255:85–88, 1989
    Google Scholar
  25. Schmitt M, Jänicke F, Hafter R, Hollrieder A, Kanayama N, Gulba D, Graeff H: Tumor-associated fibrinolysis in human breast cancer: Detection and quantitation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.In Matsuda M, Iwanaga S, Takada A, Henschen A (eds) Fibrinogen 4. Current Basic and Clinical Aspects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, pp 213–222
    Google Scholar
  26. McGuire WL, De La Garza M, Chamness GC: Evaluation of estrogen receptor assays in human breast cancer tissue. Cancer Res 37:637–639, 1977
    PubMed Google Scholar
  27. Hedley DW: Flow cytometry using paraffin-embedded tissue: Five years on. Cytometry 10:229–241, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  28. Cox DR: Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc (B) 34:187–220, 1972
    Google Scholar
  29. Hawkins DM: Testing a sequence of observations for a shift in location. J Am Stat Assoc 72:180–186, 1977
    Google Scholar
  30. Segal MR, Bloch DA: A comparison of estimated proportional hazards models and regression trees. Stat Med 8:539–550, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  31. Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olsen RA, Stone CJ: Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth, Belmont, 1984
    Google Scholar
  32. Altman DG, Andersen PK: Bootstrap investigation of the stability of a Cox regression model. Stat Med 8:771–783, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  33. Kaplan EL, Meier P: Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc 53:457–481, 1958
    Google Scholar
  34. Peto R, Peto J: Asymptotically efficient rank invariant procedures. J Royal Stat Soc (A) 135:185–207, 1972
    Google Scholar
  35. Hähnel R, Woodings T, Vivian AB: Prognostic value of estrogen receptors in primary breast cancer. Cancer 44:671–675, 1979
    PubMed Google Scholar
  36. McGuire WL: Prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 10:5–9, 1987
    PubMed Google Scholar
  37. Camiolo SM, Markus G, Piver MS: Plasminogen activator content of gynecological tumors and their metastases. Gynecol Oncol 26:364–373, 1987
    PubMed Google Scholar
  38. Harvey SR, Lawrence DD, Madeja JM, Abbey SJ, Markus G: Secretion of plasminogen activators by human colorectal and gastric tumor explants. Clin Exp Metastasis 6:431–450, 1988
    PubMed Google Scholar
  39. Markus G, Camiolo SM, Kohga S, Madeja JM, Mittelman A: Plasminogen activator secretion of human tumors in short-term organ culture, including a comparison of primary and metastatic colon tumors. Cancer Res 43:5517–5525, 1983
    PubMed Google Scholar
  40. Spyratos F, Maudelonde T, Brouillet J-P, Brunet M, Defrenne A, Andrieu C, Hacene K, Desplaces A, Rouesse J, Rochefort H: Cathepsin D: An independent prognostic factor for metastasis of breast cancer. Lancet ii:1115–1118, 1989
    Google Scholar
  41. Tandon AT, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Chirgwin JM, McGuire WL: Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 322:297–302, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  42. Thorpe SM, Rochefort H, Garcia M, Freiss G, Christensen IJ, Khalaf S, Paolucci F, Pau B, Rasmussen BB, Rose C: Association between high concentrations of Mr 52,000 cathepsin D and poor prognosis in primary human breast cancer. Cancer Res 49:6008–6014, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  43. Sigurdsson H, Baldetorp B, Borg A, Dalberg M, Fernö M, Killander D, Olsson H: Indicators of prognosis in node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 322:1045–1053, 1990
    PubMed Google Scholar
  44. Clark GM, Dressler LG, Owens MA, Pounds G, Oldaker T, McGuire WL: Prediction of relapse or survival in patients with node-negative breast cancer by DNA flow cytometry. N Engl J Med 320:627–633, 1989
    PubMed Google Scholar
  45. Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL: Human breast cancer: Correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the Her-2/neu oncogene. Science 235:177–182, 1987
    PubMed Google Scholar

Download references