Accumulation of C19-gibberellins in the gibberellin-insensitive dwarf mutantgai ofArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (original) (raw)

Abstract

The endogenous gibberellins (GAs) from shoots of the GA-insensitive mutant,gai, of_Arabidopsis thaliana_ were analyzed and compared with the GAs from the Landsberg erecta (Ler) line. Twenty GAs were identified in Ler plants by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Kovats retention indices (KRI's). These GAs are members of the early-13-hydroxylation pathway (GA53, GA44, GA19, GA17, GA20, GA1, GA29, and GA8), the non-3,13-hydroxylation pathway (GA12, GA15, GA24, GA25, GA9, and GA51), and the early-3-hydroxylation pathway (GA37, GA27, GA36, GA13, GA4, and GA34). The same GAs, except GA53, GA44, GA37, and GA29 were detected in the_gai_ mutant by the same methods. In addition, extracts from_gai_ plants contained GA41 and GA71. Both lines also contained several unknown GAs. In Ler plants these were mainly hydroxy-GA12 derivatives, whereas in the_gai_ mutant hydroxy-GA24, hydroxy-GA25, and hydroxy-GA9 compounds were detected. Quantification of seven GAs by GC-selected ion monitoring (SIM), using internal standards, and comparisons of the ion intensities in the SIM chromatograms of the other thirteen GAs, demonstrated that the_gai_ mutant had reduced levels of all C20-dicarboxylic acids (GA53, GA44, GA19, GA12, GA15, GA24, GA37, GA27, and GA36). In contrast,gai plants had increased levels of C20-tricarboxylic acid GAs (GA17, GA25, and GA41) and of all C19-GAs (GA20, GA1, GA8, GA9, GA51, GA4, GA34, and GA71) except GA29. The 3β-hydroxylated GAs, GA1 and GA4, and their respective 2_β_-hydroxylated derivatives, GA8 and GA34, were the most abundant GAs found in shoots of the_gai_ mutant. Thus, the_gai_ mutation in_Arabidopsis_ results in a phenotype that resembles GA-deficient mutants, is insensitive to both applied and endogenous GAs, and contains low levels of C20-dicarboxylic acid GAs and high levels of C19-GAs. This indicates that the_GAI_ gene controls a step beyond the synthesis of an active GA. The_gai_ mutant is presumably a GA-receptor mutant or a mutant with a block in the transduction pathway between the receptor and stem elongation.

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Abbreviations

GAn:

gibberellin An

gai :

gibberellin-insensitive

GC-MS:

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

KRI:

Kovats retention index

Ler:

Landsberg erecta line

MeTMSi:

methyl trimethylsilyl

SIM:

selected ion monitoring

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Authors and Affiliations

1. MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 48824-1312, East Lansing, MI, USA
   Manuel Talon & Jan A. D. Zeevaart
2. Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, NL-6703, HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
   Maarten Koornneef

Authors

1. Manuel Talon
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2. Maarten Koornneef
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3. Jan A. D. Zeevaart
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Additional information

We thank Dr. L.N. Mander, Australian National University, Canberra, for providing [2H]gibberellins, Dr. B.O. Phinney, University of California, Los Angeles, USA for [13C]GA8, and Dr. D.A. Gage, MSU-NIH Mass Spectrometry Facility (grant No. DRR00480), for advice with mass spectrometry. This work was supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture (I.N.I.A.) to M.T., by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-ACO2-76ERO-1338, and by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant No. 88-37261-3434 to J.A.D.Z.

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Talon, M., Koornneef, M. & Zeevaart, J.A.D. Accumulation of C19-gibberellins in the gibberellin-insensitive dwarf mutant_gai_ of_Arabidopsis thaliana_ (L.) Heynh.Planta 182, 501–505 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02341024

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• Accepted: 06 July 1990
• Issue Date: November 1990
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02341024

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