Effects of calcium-fortified ice cream on markers of bone health (original) (raw)

Abstract

Summary

Premenopausal women with low calcium intakes consumed calcium-fortified ice cream daily for 28 days. Bone markers, NTX, CTX and PTH decreased significantly by 7 days, with some evidence of a calcium dose-dependent effect. Bone marker responses were observed within 1 h of consuming ice cream. Body weight remained constant over 28 days.

Introduction

Dietary calcium is important for lifelong bone health. Milk is a good source of bioavailable calcium, but consumption has declined among young adults. The aims were to determine whether calcium-fortified ice cream, a palatable source of calcium, produces significant, sustainable changes in bone turnover markers and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in premenopausal women with calcium intake below recommended UK levels.

Methods

Eighty women, ages 20–39 years (calcium intake <750 mg/day) were randomised to consume lower saturated fat/sugar ice cream containing 96, 244, 459 or 676 mg calcium daily for 28 days. Urinary NTX/Cr, serum CTX, PINP, 1,25D and PTH were measured (baseline, days 1, 7 and 28). Acute changes in CTX and PTH were measured over 5 h (n = 29 women).

Results

There were significant mean decreases by 7 days in NTX/Cr, CTX, PTH and 1,25D and increases in PINP (one sample t tests), with a significant dose-dependent effect on CTX analysis of covariance. Only CTX remained suppressed at 28 days. Serum CTX and PTH decreased within 1 h. Body weight did not change significantly between baseline and 28 days.

Conclusions

Daily consumption of calcium-fortified ice cream by premenopausal women may significantly reduce levels of the bone resorption marker serum CTX, without stimulating weight gain. The ice cream could be incorporated into the diet to replace low-calcium snacks and thus help individuals with habitually low calcium intakes to meet recommended intakes. The 244 mg calcium preparation would provide more than a quarter of the UK daily recommended nutrient intake for premenopausal women.

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Notes

  1. The term “ice cream” is used in a generic sense: the study product was formulated to be suitable for daily consumption (lower saturated fat/sugar).

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the following members of the Sheffield research team for their contributions to this study: Debbie Swindell, Linda Kersh, Selina Simpson, Fatma Gossiel, Nickie Jokonya and Rosemary Hannon. We also acknowledge the contributions of Margo Barker, Ashraf Ahmed and Daphne Lai (University of Sheffield Department of Human Nutrition) and Ursula Garczarek (Unilever). This study was supported by the following funding sources: Unilever R&D Colworth, UK and The National Institute for Health Research (via its Biomedical Research Units funding scheme); the views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the UK Department of Health.

Conflicts of interest

Richard Eastell is a consultant for Unilever and receives research funding. He has received consulting fees from Amgen, Astrazeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Medtronics, Nastech, Nestle, Fonterra Brands, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Osteologix, Pfizer, Lilly, sanofi Aventis, Procter and Gamble, Tethys, Unilever, Unipath and Inverness Medical and grants from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Procter and Gamble, Unipath, Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis, Osteologix, Medical Research Council, Arthritis Research UK, Crescent Diagnostics, Nittoboseki, Nestle and sanofi Aventis. He has also received honoraria from Takeda, Lilly, Amgen, the National Osteoporosis Foundation, Procter and Gamble and Glaxo Smith Kline Nutrition. There are no other disclosures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sheffield NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Centre for Biomedical Research, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, South Yorkshire, UK
    L. Ferrar & R. Eastell
  2. Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
    R. M. van der Hee & S. Miret
  3. Unilever R&D Colworth, Birmingham, UK
    M. Berry, C. Watson & J. Wilkinson
  4. Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
    M. Bradburn
  5. Centre for Biomedical Research, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S5 7 AU, UK
    R. Eastell

Authors

  1. L. Ferrar
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  2. R. M. van der Hee
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  3. M. Berry
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  4. C. Watson
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  5. S. Miret
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  6. J. Wilkinson
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  7. M. Bradburn
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  8. R. Eastell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence toR. Eastell.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1576-3

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Ferrar, L., van der Hee, R.M., Berry, M. et al. Effects of calcium-fortified ice cream on markers of bone health.Osteoporos Int 22, 2721–2731 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1513-x

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