Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu YH, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OM, Amin N, Kemp JP, Koller DL, Li G, Liu CT, Minster RL, Moayyeri A, Vandenput L, Willner D, Xiao SM, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Zheng HF, Alonso N, Eriksson J, Kammerer CM, Kaptoge SK, Leo PJ, Thorleifsson G, Wilson SG, Wilson JF, Aalto V, Alen M, Aragaki AK, Aspelund T, Center JR, Dailiana Z, Duggan DJ, Garcia M, Garcia-Giralt N, Giroux S, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Khusainova R, Kim GS, Kooperberg C, Koromila T, Kruk M, Laaksonen M, Lacroix AZ, Lee SH, Leung PC, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nguyen TV, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Rose LM, Scollen S, Siggeirsdottir K, Smith AV, Svensson O, Trompet S, Trummer O, van Schoor NM, Woo J, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Buckley BM, Cheng S, Christiansen C, Cooper C, Dedoussis G, Ford I, Frost M, Goltzman D, Gonzalez-Macias J, Kahonen M, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova E, Koh JM, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Lorenc RS, Marc J, Mellstrom D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Ridker PM, Rousseau F, Lagboom PE, Tang NL, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Viikari J, Zarrabeitia MT, Aulchenko YS, Castano-Betancourt M, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Kwan T, Li R, Luben R, Medina-Gomez C, Th PS, Reppe S, Rotter JI, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JB, Verlaan D, Williams FM, Wood AR, Zhou Y, Gautvik KM, Pastinen T, Raychaudhuri S, Cauley JA, Chasman DI, Clark GR, Cummings SR, Danoy P, Dennison EM, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Gudnason V, Hofman A, Jackson RD, Jones G, Jukema JW, Khaw KT, Lehtimaki T, Liu Y, Lorentzon M, McCloskey E, Mitchell BD, Nandakumar K, Nicholson GC, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Pols HA, Prince RL, Raitakari O, Reid IR, Robbins J, Sambrook PN, Sham PC, Shuldiner AR, Tylavsky FA, Van Duijn CM, Wareham NJ, Cupples LA, Econs MJ, Evans DM, Harris TB, Kung AW, Psaty BM, Reeve J, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Zillikens MC, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ohlsson C, Karasik D, Richards JB, Brown MA, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JP, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F (2012) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet 44:491–501 ArticlePubMed CentralCASPubMed Google Scholar
Vrtacnik P, Marc J, Ostanek B (2014) Epigenetic mechanisms in bone. Clin Chem Lab Med 52:589–608 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Guil S, Esteller M (2009) DNA methylomes, histone codes and miRNAs: tying it all together. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41:87–95 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhao X, Xu D, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu T, Ji Y, Wang J, Zhou G, Xie X (2014) MicroRNAs regulate bone metabolism. J Bone Miner Metab 32:221–231 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Singh SK, Pal BM, Girschick HJ, Bhadra U (2008) MicroRNAs–micro in size but macro in function. FEBS J 275:4929–4944 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hernandez JL, Garcés CM, Sumillera M, Fernandez-Aldasoro EV, Garcia-Ibarbia C, Ortiz JA, Arozamena J, Alonso MA, Riancho JA (2008) Aromatase expression in osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone. Arthritis Rheum 58:1696–1700 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mizuno Y, Tokuzawa Y, Ninomiya Y, Yagi K, Yatsuka-Kanesaki Y, Suda T, Fukuda T, Katagiri T, Kondoh Y, Amemiya T, Tashiro H, Okazaki Y (2009) miR-210 promotes osteoblastic differentiation through inhibition of AcvR1b. FEBS Lett 583:2263–2268 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Baron R, Rawadi G (2007) Wnt signaling and the regulation of bone mass. Curr Osteoporos Rep 5:73–80 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Cawthorn WP, Bree AJ, Yao Y, Du B, Hemati N, Martinez-Santibanez G, MacDougald OA (2012) Wnt6, Wnt10a and Wnt10b inhibit adipogenesis and stimulate osteoblastogenesis through a beta-catenin-dependent mechanism. Bone 50:477–489 ArticlePubMed CentralCASPubMed Google Scholar
Li X, Ominsky MS, Niu QT, Sun N, Daugherty B, D’Agostin D, Kurahara C, Gao Y, Cao J, Gong J, Asuncion F, Barrero M, Warmington K, Dwyer D, Stolina M, Morony S, Sarosi I, Kostenuik PJ, Lacey DL, Simonet WS, Ke HZ, Paszty C (2008) Targeted deletion of the sclerostin gene in mice results in increased bone formation and bone strength. J Bone Miner Res 23:860–869 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Balemans W, Cleiren E, Siebers U, Horst J, Van Hul W (2005) A generalized skeletal hyperostosis in two siblings caused by a novel mutation in the SOST gene. Bone 36:943–947 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Balemans W, Van Hul W (2007) The genetics of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 in bone: a story of extremes. Endocrinology 148:2622–2629 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Garcia-Ibarbia C, Delgado-Calle J, Casafont I, Velasco J, Arozamena J, Perez-Nunez MI, Alonso MA, Berciano MT, Ortiz F, Perez-Castrillon JL, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF, Zarrabeitia MT, Riancho JA (2013) Contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to Wnt pathway activity in prevalent skeletal disorders. Gene 532:165–172 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rossato M, Curtale G, Tamassia N, Castellucci M, Mori L, Gasperini S, Mariotti B, De Luca M, Mirolo M, Cassatella MA, Locati M, Bazzoni F (2012) IL-10-induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:E3101–E3110 ArticlePubMed CentralCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cao Z, Moore BT, Wang Y, Peng XH, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Xiao P (2014) MiR-422a as a potential cellular microRNA biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PLoS One 9:e97098 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Chen S, Yang L, Jie Q, Lin YS, Meng GL, Fan JZ, Zhang JK, Fan J, Luo ZJ, Liu J (2014) MicroRNA125b suppresses the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 9:1820–1826 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ell B, Kang Y (2014) MicroRNAs as regulators of bone homeostasis and bone metastasis. Bonekey Rep 3:549 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Inose H, Ochi H, Kimura A, Fujita K, Xu R, Sato S, Iwasaki M, Sunamura S, Takeuchi Y, Fukumoto S, Saito K, Nakamura T, Siomi H, Ito H, Arai Y, Shinomiya K, Takeda S (2009) A microRNA regulatory mechanism of osteoblast differentiation. P Natl Acad Sci USA 106:20794–20799
Krzeszinski JY, Wei W, Huynh H, Jin Z, Wang X, Chang TC, Xie XJ, He L, Mangala LS, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Mendell JT, Wan Y (2014) miR-34a blocks osteoporosis and bone metastasis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and Tgif2. Nature 512:431–435
Liu H, Sun Q, Wan C, Li L, Zhang L, Chen Z (2014) MicroRNA-338-3p regulates osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells by targeting Runx2 and Fgfr2. J Cell Physiol 229:1494–1502 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Luzi E, Marini F, Sala SC, Tognarini I, Galli G, Brandi ML (2008) Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells is modulated by the miR-26a targeting of the SMAD1 transcription factor. J Bone Miner Res 23:287–295 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Mizuno Y, Yagi K, Tokuzawa Y, Kanesaki-Yatsuka Y, Suda T, Katagiri T, Fukuda T, Maruyama M, Okuda A, Amemiya T, Kondoh Y, Tashiro H, Okazaki Y (2008) miR-125b inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by down-regulation of cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 368:267–272 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wang S, Tang C, Zhang Q, Chen W (2014) Reduced miR-9 and miR-181a expression down-regulates Bim concentration and promote osteoclasts survival. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7:2209–2218 PubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Li H, Xie H, Liu W, Hu R, Huang B, Tan YF, Xu K, Sheng ZF, Zhou HD, Wu XP, Luo XH (2009) A novel microRNA targeting HDAC5 regulates osteoblast differentiation in mice and contributes to primary osteoporosis in humans. J Clin Invest 119:3666–3677 ArticlePubMed CentralCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wang X, Guo B, Li Q, Peng J, Yang Z, Wang A, Li D, Hou Z, Lv K, Kan G, Cao H, Wu H, Song J, Pan X, Sun Q, Ling S, Li Y, Zhu M, Zhang P, Peng S, Xie X, Tang T, Hong A, Bian Z, Bai Y, Lu A, Li Y, He F, Zhang G, Li Y (2013) miR-214 targets ATF4 to inhibit bone formation. Nat Med 19:93–100 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Seeliger C, Karpinski K, Haug AT, Vester H, Schmitt A, Bauer JS, van Griensven M (2014) Five freely circulating miRNAs and bone tissue miRNAs are associated with osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 29:1718–1728 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Moayyeri A, Hsu YH, Karasik D, Estrada K, Xiao SM, Nielson C, Srikanth P, Giroux S, Wilson SG, Zheng HF, Smith AV, Pye SR, Leo PJ, Teumer A, Hwang JY, Ohlsson C, McGuigan F, Minster RL, Hayward C, Olmos JM, Lyytikainen LP, Lewis JR, Swart KM, Masi L, Oldmeadow C, Holliday EG, Cheng S, van Schoor NM, Harvey NC, Kruk M, del Greco MF, Igl W, Trummer O, Grigoriou E, Luben R, Liu CT, Zhou Y, Oei L, Medina-Gomez C, Zmuda J, Tranah G, Brown SJ, Williams FM, Soranzo N, Jakobsdottir J, Siggeirsdottir K, Holliday KL, Hannemann A, Go MJ, Garcia M, Polasek O, Laaksonen M, Zhu K, Enneman AW, McEvoy M, Peel R, Sham PC, Jaworski M, Johansson A, Hicks AA, Pludowski P, Scott R, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, Kahonen M, Viikari JS, Sievanen H, Raitakari OT, Gonzalez-Macias J, Hernandez JL, Mellstrom D, Ljunggren O, Cho YS, Volker U, Nauck M, Homuth G, Volzke H, Haring R, Brown MA, McCloskey E, Nicholson GC, Eastell R, Eisman JA, Jones G, Reid IR, Dennison EM, Wark J, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Wu FC, Aspelund T, Richards JB, Bauer D, Hofman A, Khaw KT, Dedoussis G, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Gyllensten U, Pramstaller PP, Lorenc RS, Cooper C, Kung AW, Lips P, Alen M, Attia J, Brandi ML, de Groot LC, Lehtimaki T, Riancho JA, Campbell H, Liu Y, Harris TB, Akesson K, Karlsson M, Lee JY, Wallaschofski H, Duncan EL, O’Neill TW, Gudnason V, Spector TD, Rousseau F, Orwoll E, Cummings SR, Wareham NJ, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Prince RL, Kiel DP, Reeve J, Kaptoge SK (2014) Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. Hum Mol Genet 23:3054–3068 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar