GCM intercomparison of global cloud regimes: present-day evaluation and climate change response (original) (raw)
References
Anderberg MR (1973) Cluster analysis for applications. Academic, New York, p 359 Google Scholar
Boer GJ, Yu B (2003) Climate sensitivity and response. Clim Dyn 20:415–429 Google Scholar
Bony S, Dufresne JL (2005) Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models. Geophys Res Lett 32(20):L20806 Article Google Scholar
Bony S, Dufresne JL, Le Treut H, Morcrette JJ, Senior CA (2004) On dynamic and thermodynamic components of cloud changes. Clim Dyn 22:71–86 Article Google Scholar
Cess RD, Potter GL, Blanchet JP, Boer GJ, Delgenio AD, Dequé M, Dymnikov V, Galin V, Gates WL, Ghan SJ, Kiehl JT, Lacis AA, Le Treut H, Li ZX, Liang XZ, McAveney BJ, Meleshko VP, Mitchell JFB, Morcrette JJ, Randall DA, Rikus L, Roeckner E, Royer JF, Shlese U, Sheinin DA, Slingo A, Sokolov AP, Taylor KE, Washington WM, Wetherald RT, Yagai I, Zhang MH (1990) Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 95:16601–16615 Article Google Scholar
Cubasch U, Meehl GA, Boer GJ, Stouffer RJ, Dix M, Noda A, Senior CA, Raper SCB, Yap KS (2001) Projections of future climate change. In: Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden P, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CI (eds) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, London, pp 525–582
Haywood JM, Allan RP, Culverwell I, Slingo A, Milton S, Edwards JM, Clerbaux N (2005) Can desert dust explain the outgoing longwave radiation anomaly over the Sahara during July 2003? J Geophys Res 110(D05105)
Jakob C, Tselioudis G (2003) Objective identification of cloud regimes in the Tropical Western Pacific. Geophys Res Lett 30(21)
Jakob C, Tselioudis G, Hume T (2005) The radiative, cloud and thermodynamic properties of the major Tropical Western Pacific cloud regimes. J Clim 18:1203–1215 Article Google Scholar
Johns TC, Durman CF, Banks HT, Roberts MJ, McLaren AJ, Ridley JK, Senior CA, Williams KD, Jones A, Rickard GJ, Cusack S, Ingram WJ, Crucifix M, Sexton DMH, Joshi MM, Dong BW, Spencer H, Hill RSR, Gregory JM, Keen AB, Pardaens AK, Lowe JA, Bodas-Salcedo A, Stark S, Searl Y (2006) The new Hadley Centre climate model HadGEM1: evaluation of coupled simulations. J Clim 19(7):1327–1353 Article Google Scholar
K-1 model developers (2004) K-1 coupled model (MIROC) description. K-1 technical report 1. In: Hasumi H, Emori S (eds) Center for Climate System Research. University of Tokyo
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77(3):437–471 Article Google Scholar
Klein SA, Hartmann DL (1993) The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J Clim 6(8):1587–1606 Article Google Scholar
Klein SA, Jakob C (1999) Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model. Mon Weather Rev 127(10):2514–2531 Article Google Scholar
Klein SA, Hartmann DL, Norris JR (1995) On the relationships among low-cloud structure, sea-surface temperature and atmospheric circulation in the summertime northeast Pacific. J Clim 8(5):1140–1155 Article Google Scholar
Martin GM, Bush MR, Brown AR, Lock AP, Smith RNB (2000) A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part II: tests in climate and mesoscale models. Mon Weather Rev 128(9):3200–3217 Article Google Scholar
Martin GM, Ringer MA, Pope VD, Jones A, Dearden C, Hinton TJ (2006) The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model (HadGEM1). Part I: model description and global climatology. J Clim 19:1274–1301 Article Google Scholar
McAvaney BJ, Le Treut H (2003) The cloud feedback intercomparison project: (CFMIP). In: CLIVAR Exchanges—supplementary contributions. 26 March
Norris JR, Weaver CP (2001) Improved techniques for evaluating GCM cloudiness applied to the NCAR CCM3. J Clim 14:2540–2550 Article Google Scholar
Ogura T, Emori S, Tsushima Y, Abe-Ouchi A, Kimoto M (2007) Climate sensitivity of a general circulation model with different cloud modelling assumptions. J Meteorol Soc Jpn (submitted)
Pope VD, Gallani ML, Rowntree PR, Stratton RA (2000) The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model—HadAM3. Clim Dyn 16:123–146 Article Google Scholar
Ringer MA, Allan RP (2004) Evaluating climate model simulations of tropical cloud. Tellus 56:308–327 Article Google Scholar
Ringer MA, McAvaney B, Andronova N, Buja L, Esch M, Ingram W, Li B, Quaas J, Roeckner E, Senior C, Soden B, Volodin E, Webb M, Williams K (2006) Global mean cloud feedbacks in idealized climate change experiments. Geophys Res Lett 33:L07718 Article Google Scholar
Roeckner E, Bauml G, Bonaventura L, Brokopf R, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Hagemann S, Kirchner I, Kornblueh L, Manzini E, Rhodin A, Schlese U, Schulzweida U, Tompkins A (2003) The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM 5. Part I: model description. Technical Report 349, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
Rossow WB, Schiffer RA (1991) ISCCP cloud data products. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 72:2–20 Article Google Scholar
Rossow WB, Walker AW, Beuschel DE, Roiter MD (1996) International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) documentation of new cloud datasets. WMO/TD 737, World Meteorological Organisation, p 115
Rossow WB, Tselioudis G, Polak A, Jakob C (2005) Tropical climate described as a distribution of weather states indicated by distinct mesoscale cloud property mixtures. Geophys Res Lett 32(21)
Senior CA, Mitchell JFB (1993) Carbon dioxide and climate: The impact of cloud parameterization. J Clim 6:393–418 Article Google Scholar
Soden BJ, Held IM (2006) An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J Clim 19:3354–3360 Article Google Scholar
Tompkins AM, Craig GC (1999) Sensitivity of tropical convection to sea surface temperature in the absence of large-scale flow. J Clim 12(2):462–476 Article Google Scholar
Tselioudis G, Jakob C (2002) Evaluation of midlatitude cloud properties in a weather and a climate model: dependence on dynamic regime and spatial resolution. J Geophys Res 107(D24):4781 Article Google Scholar
Tselioudis G, Zhang Y, Rossow WB (2000) Cloud and radiation variations associated with northern midlatitude low and high sea level pressure regimes. J Clim 13(2):312–327 Article Google Scholar
Wang J, Rossow WB, Uttal T, Rozendaal M (1999) Variability of cloud vertical structure during ASTEX observed from a combination of rawinsonde, radar, ceilometer, and satellite. Mon Weather Rev 127(10):2484–2502 Article Google Scholar
Webb M, Senior C, Bony S, Morcrette JJ (2001) Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models. Clim Dyn 17:905–922 Article Google Scholar
Webb MJ, Senior CA, Sexton DMH, Ingram WJ, Williams KD, Ringer MA, McAvaney BJ, Colman R, Soden BJ, Gudgel R, Knutson T, Emori S, Ogura T, Tsushima Y, Andronova NG, Li B, Musat I, Bony S, Taylor KE (2006) On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles. Clim Dyn 27(1):17–38 Article Google Scholar
Wetherald RT, Manabe S (1988) Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model. J Atmos Sci 45:1397–1415 Article Google Scholar
Williams KD, Senior CA, Mitchell JFB (2001) Transient climate change in the Hadley Centre models: the role of physical processes. J Clim 14(12):2659–2674 Article Google Scholar
Williams KD, Ringer MA, Senior CA (2003) Evaluating the cloud response to climate change and current climate variability. Clim Dyn 20:705–721 Google Scholar
Williams KD, Senior CA, Slingo A, Mitchell JFB (2005) Towards evaluating cloud response to climate change using clustering technique identification of cloud regimes. Clim Dyn 24:701–719 Article Google Scholar
Williams KD, Ringer MA, Senior CA, Webb MJ, McAvaney BJ, Andronova N, Bony S, Dufresne JL, Emori S, Gudgel R, Knutson T, Li B, Lo K, Musat I, Wegner J, Slingo A, Mitchell JFB (2006) Evaluation of a component of the cloud response to climate change in an intercomparison of climate models. Clim Dyn 26:145–165 Article Google Scholar
Winton M (2005) Simple optical models for diagnosis surface – atmosphere shortwave interactions. J Clim 18:3796–3805 Article Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Rossow WB, Lacis AA, Oinas V, Mishchenko MI (2004) Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: refinements of the radiative transfer model and input data. J Geophys Res 109(D19,105)
Zhang MH, Lin WY, Klein SA, Bacmeister JT, Bony S, Cederwall RT, Del Genio AD, Hack JJ, Loeb NG, Lohmann U, Minnis P, Musat I, Pincus R, Stier P, Suarez MJ, Webb MJ, Wu JB (2005) Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements. J Geophys Res 110(D15)