Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates among residents of slum area in Manila, Philippines (original) (raw)
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protist that causes gastrointestinal disease throughout the world. In the Philippines, study on G. duodenalis is limited. It is also believed that prevalence rates of this organism in the country are underestimated. In this study, stool samples from residents living in a slum area in Manila were collected. These were examined under microscopy for identification of common helminthic and protistan parasites. Results showed that 22.05% of 2,354 stool samples collected contained Giardia cysts. A fraction of samples (n = 133) positive for Giardia cysts were set aside. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples and a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure based on the organism’s triose phosphate isomerase gene was utilized. This particular procedure is capable of distinguishing assemblages or genotypes within G. duodenalis. The highest identified assemblage was Assemblage B (86.47%). The two genotypes of Assemblage A were also detected. This is the first report on the identification of genotypes of G. duodenalis in the Philippines. The results of this study can serve as basis for future control and prevention of giardiasis and parasitism in the country.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime View plans
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
- Adam R (2001) Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:447–475
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Adkins HJ, Escamilla J, Santiago LT, Rañoa C, Echevarria P, Cross JH (1987) Two-year survey of etiologic agents of diarrheal disease at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Republic of the Philippines. J Clin Microbiol 25:1143–1147
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Amar CFL, Dear PH, Pedraza-Diaz S, Looker N, Linnane E, Mclauchlin J (2002) Sensitive PCR-restriction length polymorphism assay for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in human feces. J Clin Microbiol 40:446–452
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Beaver PC, Jung RC, Cupp EW (1984) Clinical parasitology, 9th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p 741
Google Scholar - Cordova-Paz Soldan O, Vargas Vasquez F, Gonzalez Varas A, Perez Cordon G, Velasco Soto JR, Sanchez-Moreno M, Rodriguez Gonzalez I, Rosales Lombardo MJ (2006) Intestinal parasitism in Peruvian children and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species. Parasitol Res 24:1–6
Google Scholar - Ey PL, Darby JM (1998) Giardia intestinalis: conservation of the variant-specific surface protein VSP417-1 (TSA417) and identification of a divergent homologue encoded at a duplicated locus in genetic group II isolates. Exp Parasitol 90:250–261
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Giraldo-Gomez JM, Lora F, Henao LH, Mejia S, Gomez-Marin JE (2005) Prevalence of giardiasis and intestinal parasites in pre-school children from homes being attended as part of a state programme in Armenia, Colombia. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 7:327–338
Google Scholar - Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER (2005) Giardia Assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 192:2171–2173
Article PubMed Google Scholar - Homan W, Mank T (2001) Human giardiasis: genotype linked differences in clinical symptomatology. Int J Parasitol 31:822–826
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Marshall MM, Naumovitz D, Ortega Y, Sterling CR (1997) Waterborne protozoan pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 10:67–85
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Monis PT, Andrews RH, Mayrhofer G, Ey PL (1999) Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis. Mol Biol Evol 16:1135–1144
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Monis PT, Andrews RH, Mayrhofer G, Ey PL (2003) Genetic diversity within the morphological species Giardia intestinalis and its relationship to host origin. Infect Genet Evol 3:29–38
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Nash TE, McCutchan T, Keister D, Dame JB, Conrad JD, Gillin FD (1985) Restriction-endonuclease analysis of DNA from 15 Giardia isolates obtained from humans and animals. J Infect Dis 152:64–73
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Newman RD, Moore SR, Lima AAM, Nataro JP, Guerrant RL, Sears CL (2001) A longitudinal study of Giardia lamblia infection in northeast Brazilian children. Trop Med Int Health 6:624–634
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Paje-Villar E, Co BG, Carandang EH, Raymundo A, Lagamayo E, Hart CA (1994) Non-bacterial diarrhoea in children in the Philippines. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 88:53–58
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Read C, Walters J, Robertson ID, Thompson RCA (2002) Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol 32:229–231
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Rivera WL, Tachibana H, Silva-Tahat MRA, Uemura H, Kanbara H (1996) Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar DNA from cysts present in stool specimens by polymerase chain reaction: its field application in the Philippines. Parasitol Res 82:585–589
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Rivera WL, Tachibana H, Kanbara H (1998) Field study on the distribution of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar in the northern Philippines as detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59:916–921
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Sedinova J, Flegr J, Ey PL, Kulda J (2003) Use of random amplified polymorphic analysis for the identification of Giardia intestinalis subtypes and phylogenetic tree construction. J Eukaryot Microbiol 50:198–203
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Thompson RCA, Reynoldson JA, Mendis AHW (1993) Giardia and giardiasis. Adv Parasitol 32:71–159
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Wongjindanon N, Suksrichavalit T, Subsutti W, Sarachart T, Worapisuttiwong U, Norramatha P (2005) Current infection rate of Giardia lamblia in two provinces of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36(Suppl 4):21–5
PubMed Google Scholar
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila for assistance in the sample collection.
The experiments conducted in this study comply with the current laws of the Philippines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
John Anthony D. L. Yason & Windell L. Rivera - Molecular Protozoology Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
John Anthony D. L. Yason & Windell L. Rivera
Authors
- John Anthony D. L. Yason
- Windell L. Rivera
Corresponding author
Correspondence toWindell L. Rivera.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yason, J.A.D.L., Rivera, W.L. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates among residents of slum area in Manila, Philippines.Parasitol Res 101, 681–687 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0533-8
- Received: 14 February 2007
- Accepted: 15 March 2007
- Published: 01 April 2007
- Issue date: August 2007
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0533-8