Revisited ITS2 phylogeny of Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus group mosquitoes: reexamination of unidentified and misidentified ITS2 sequences (original) (raw)
Abstract
The Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus group of mosquitoes is very important for human health because some are malarial vector mosquitoes. Despite their pathological importance, some unidentified internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences have been reported from members of this group, and their phylogenetic relationships have been rarely understood. In the present study, 84 ITS2 sequences for the Hyrcanus group members were retrieved from GenBank. The detailed sequence comparison unambiguously revealed that the unknown1 sequences of Li et al. (Zootaxa 939:1–8, 2005), YM-2004 (or sp.2) of Ma and Xu [J Med Entomol 42(4):610–619, 2005], Anopheles sp. of Ree et al. (2005), and Anopheles lesteri reported by Gao et al. [J Med Entomol 41(1):5–11, 2004] are identical to Anopheles belenrae [Rueda (Zootaxa 941:1–26, 2005)] and that YM-2003 (or sp.1) of Ma and Xu [J Med Entomol 42(4):610–619, 2005] is closely related to A. lesteri. In addition, some candidate species that may be synonymized are suggested in addition to the possibility that A. lesteri may be divided into at least three types: A, B, and C. The neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood trees show that the 23 examined Hyrcanus group members could be divided into four subgroups. The phylogenetic relationships among them are generally well resolved with high bootstrapping values (60–100%), and they are consistently supported by all three trees without any conflicts. These results may strongly suggest that the morphology-based groupings of the Hyrcanus group members should be seriously reconsidered. Further study must be conducted to address the following issues: the three or more multitypified A. lesteri; the unidentified YM-2003 closely related to A. lesteri; and the synonymies of Anopheles peditaeniatus/Anopheles nigerrimus, Anopheles kunmingensis/Anopheles liangshanensis, Anopheles pullus/Anopheles junlianensis, and Anopheles engarensis/Anopheles kleini.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime View plans
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
- Gao Q, Beebe NW, Cooper RD (2004) Molecular identification of the malaria vectors Anopheles anthropophagus and Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in central China using polymerase chain reaction and appraisal of their position within the Hyrcanus group. J Med Entomol 41(1):5–11
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Harbach RE (2004) The classification of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships. Bull Entomol Res 94(6):537–553
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2005) Reconsideration of anopheline mosquito phylogeny (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) based on morphological data. Syst Biodivers 3(4):345–374
Article Google Scholar - Hwang UW, Yong TS, Ree HI (2004) Molecular evidence for synonymy of Anopheles yatsushiroensis and An. pullus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 20(2):99–104
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Hwang UW, Tang TH, Kobayashi M, Yong TS, Ree HI (2006) Molecular evidence supports that Anopheles anthropophagus from China and Anopheles lesteri from Japan are the same species. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22(2):324–326
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Kanda AT, Oguma Y (1978) Anopheles engarensis new species related to Anopheles sinensis from Hokkaido Island, Japan. Mosq-Syst 10(1):45–52
Google Scholar - Kim HC, Lee KW, Klein TA, Strickman DA (1999) Seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes collected from light trap in Korea (1995–1996). Korean J Entomol 29:181–187
Google Scholar - Li C, Groebner JL, Kim HC, Klein TA, O’Guinn ML, Wilkerson RC (2005) A newly recognised species in the Anopheles hyrcanus group and molecular identification of related species from the Republic of South Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa 939:1–8
Google Scholar - Ma YJ, Xu JN (2005) The Hyrcanus group of Anopheles (Anopheles) in China (Diptera: Culicidae): species discrimination and phylogenetic relationships inferred by ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. J Med Entomol 42(4):610–619
Article CAS Google Scholar - Ma Y, Yang P (2005) Taxonomic study on Anopheles anthropophagus from China (Diptera: Culicidae): inferred by morphology, chromosome karyotype and molecular markers. Kun Chong Fen Lei Xue Bao 27(3):199–208
Google Scholar - Min GS, Choochote W, Jitpakdi A, Kim SJ, Kim W, Jung J, Junkum A (2002) Intraspecific hybridization of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) strains from Thailand and Korea. Mol Cell 14:198–204
CAS Google Scholar - Park SJ, Choochote W, Jitpakdi A, Junkum A, Kim SJ, Jariyapan N, Park JW, Min GS (2003) Evidence for a conspecific relationship between two morphologically and cytologically different forms of Korean Anopheles pullus mosquito. Mol Cell 16:354–360
CAS Google Scholar - Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14(9):817–818
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Ree HI, Hong HK, Paik YH (1967) Study on natural infection of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles sinensis in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 5:65–68
Article Google Scholar - Ree HI, Yong TS, Hwang UW (2005) Identification of four species of the Anopheles hyrcanus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) found in Korea using species-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction Assay. Med Entomol Zool 56(3):201–205
CAS Google Scholar - Rueda LM (2005) Two new species of Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus group (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of South Korea. Zootaxa 941:1–26
Google Scholar - Rueda LM, Wilkerson RC, Li C (2005) Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri Baisas and Hu (Diptera: Culicidae): neotype designation and description. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 107(3):604–622
Google Scholar - Sawabe K, Takagi M, Tsuda Y, Tuno N (2003) Molecular variation and phylogeny of the Anopheles minimus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting Southeast Asian countries, based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and 2, and the 28S D3 sequences. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34(4):771–780
PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Shin EH, Hong HK (2001) A new synonym of Anopheles (Anopheles) pullus Yamada, 1937-A. (A.) yatsushiroensis Miyazaki, 1951. Korean J Entomol 31:1–5
Google Scholar - Swofford DL (2002) PAUP* (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) version 4.0beta10. Sinauer, Sunderland
Google Scholar - Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Higgins DG (1997) The Clustal X windows interface flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar - Wilkerson RC, Li C, Rueda LM, Kim HC, Klein TA, Song GH, Strickman D (2003) Molecular confirmation of Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri from the Republic of South Korea and its genetic identity with An. (Ano.) anthropophagus from China (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa 378:1–14
Google Scholar - Xu JJ, Feng LC (1975) Studies on Anopheles hyrcanus group of mosquitoes in China. Acta Entomol Sin 18:77–104
Google Scholar
Acknowledgements
I express special thanks to Prof. Han Il Ree (Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University) for his valuable comments on this work. Also, I heartily thank Prof. Gonzalo Giribet (Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA) for providing me with a Museum of Comparative Zoology office and molecular lab facilities so that I could finish writing this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
Ui Wook Hwang
Corresponding author
Correspondence toUi Wook Hwang.
Additional information
This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Korea (R01-2004-000-10930-0) awarded to UWH.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hwang, U.W. Revisited ITS2 phylogeny of Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus group mosquitoes: reexamination of unidentified and misidentified ITS2 sequences.Parasitol Res 101, 885–894 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0553-4
- Received: 08 February 2007
- Accepted: 17 April 2007
- Published: 19 May 2007
- Issue date: September 2007
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0553-4