Detection and molecular characterization of Giardia isolated from recreational lake water in Malaysia (original) (raw)
Abstract
Nine 50-l surface water samples from a Malaysian recreational lake were examined microscopically using an immunomagnetisable separation–immunofluorescent method. No Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected, but 77.8% of samples contained low numbers of Giardia cysts (range, 0.17–1.1 cysts/l), which were genetically characterised by SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Genotype analyses indicated the presence of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A suggesting potential risk to public health. The present study represents the first contribution to our knowledge of G. duodenalis assemblages in Malaysian recreational water.
Access this article
Subscribe and save
- Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
- Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
- Cancel anytime View plans
Buy Now
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.
Instant access to the full article PDF.
References
- Adam RD (2001) Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbial Rev 14:447–475
Article CAS Google Scholar - Cacciò SM, Ryan U (2008) Molecular epidemiology of giardiasis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 160:75–80
Article PubMed Google Scholar - Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Langer-Curry R, Widmer G, Akiyoshi DE, Tanriverdi S, Tzipori S (2006) Cryptosporidium hominis: experimental challenge of healthy adults. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:851–857
CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Farizawati S, Lim YAL, Ahmad RA, Fatimah CTNI, Siti-Nor Y (2005) Contribution of cattle farms towards river contamination with Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in Sungai Langat Basin. Trop Biomed 22:89–98
CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Karanis P, Papadopoulou C, Kimua A, Economou E, Kourenti C, Sakkas H (2002) Giardia and Cryptosporidium in natural, drinking and recreational water of northwestern Greece. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 30:49–58
Article CAS Google Scholar - Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H (2007) Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health 5:1–38
Article PubMed Google Scholar - Lim YAL, Ahmad RA, Ali O, Zulkeflie Z (1999) Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river and soil environments. Trop Biomed 16:7–15
Google Scholar - Lim YAL, Ahmad RA, Smith HV (2008) Current status and future trends in Giardia and Cryptosporidium epidemiology in Malaysia. J Water Health 6:239–254
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL, Crabb JH, Sterling CR, DuPont HL (1999) Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults'. J Infect Dis 180:1275–1281
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Read C, Walters J, Robertson ID, Thompson RC (2002) Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. Int J Parasitol 32:229–231
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar - Reynolds KA, Mena KD, Gerba CP (2008) Risk of waterborne illness via drinking water in the United States. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 192:117–158
Article PubMed Google Scholar - Smith HV, Cacciò SM, Tait A, McLauchlin J, Thompson RC (2006) Tools for investigating the environmental transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in humans. Trends Parasitol 22:160–167
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Acknowledgement
The authors are very grateful to Mr. Wan Hafiz WI for technical assistance during sample collection.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Yvonne A. L. Lim, Mohammed A. K. Mahdy & Wan Yusoff W. Sulaiman - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Sharmila D. Ramasame - Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
Mohammed A. K. Mahdy - Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, G21 3UW, Scotland, UK
Huw V. Smith
Authors
- Yvonne A. L. Lim
- Sharmila D. Ramasame
- Mohammed A. K. Mahdy
- Wan Yusoff W. Sulaiman
- Huw V. Smith
Corresponding author
Correspondence toYvonne A. L. Lim.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lim, Y.A.L., Ramasame, S.D., Mahdy, M.A.K. et al. Detection and molecular characterization of Giardia isolated from recreational lake water in Malaysia.Parasitol Res 106, 289–291 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1602-y
- Received: 12 November 2008
- Accepted: 12 August 2009
- Published: 25 August 2009
- Issue date: December 2009
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1602-y