2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales (original) (raw)

Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

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Introduction

Phylum Negarnaviricota was established in 2019 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for negative-sense RNA viruses that can be connected evolutionarily through their encoded RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) core domains. The phylum includes two subphyla, Haploviricotina and Polyploviricotina, for negative-sense RNA viruses that encode large (L) proteins with or without mRNA capping activity, respectively. The two subphyla include four classes (Chunqiuviricetes, Milneviricetes, Monjiviricetes, and Yunchangviricetes) and two classes (Ellioviricetes and Insthoviricetes), respectively [56, 109, 136]. The vast majority of viruses that have been assigned to phylum Negarnaviricota belong to two orders: Mononegavirales (established in 1991 [92] and amended/emended in 1995 [16], 1997 [93], 2000 [94], 2005 [95], 2011 [32], 2016 [2], 2017 [7], March 2018 [8], October 2018 [66], and 2019 [9]) and Bunyavirales (established in 2017 and amended/emended in 2018 [64, 65] and 2019 [1]).

Here we present the changes that were proposed to the entire phylum Negarnaviricota via official ICTV taxonomic proposals (TaxoProps) in 2019 and that were accepted by the ICTV in March 2020 [128]. These changes are now part of the official ICTV taxonomy.

Taxonomic changes above the phylum rank

Until recently, Negarnaviricota, included in realm Riboviria (established in 2019 [127]), was the only established phylum in the ICTV framework. In 2020, virus taxonomy was amended to include Negarnaviricota in the new riboviriad kingdom Orthornavirae as one of five sister phyla [55] (TaxoProp 2019.006G.A.v1.Riboviria).

Taxonomic changes at the subphylum rank

No new subphyla were created.

Taxonomic changes at the class rank

No new classes were created.

Taxonomic changes at the order rank

No new orders were created.

Taxonomic changes within order Goujianvirales (Haploviricotina: Yunchangviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Jingchuvirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

Family Chuviridae

One new species, Taiyuan mivirus, was added to genus Mivirus for Tàiyuán leafhopper virus (TYLeV) first discovered by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in a leafhopper (Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom, 1850)) sampled in Tàiyuán (太原), Shānxī Province (山西省), China [129] (TaxoProp 2019.018M.A.v2.1newsp_Taiyuan_mivirus).

Taxonomic changes within order Mononegavirales (Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes)

Family Artoviridae

The family was expanded by one new genus, Hexartovirus, including one new species, Caligid hexartovirus, for Lepeophtheirus salmonis negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (LsNSRV-1) first discovered by HTS in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) sampled on the west coast of Norway [81]. Species Barnacle peropuvirus was moved from genus Peropuvirus into genus Hexartovirus and renamed Barnacle hexartovirus (TaxoProp 2019.021M.A.v1.1newgenus_Hexartovirus).

Family Bornaviridae

No changes were made.

Family Filoviridae

The family was expanded by one genus, Dianlovirus, including a single new species, Mengla dianlovirus, for Měnglà virus (MLAV) discovered by HTS in a Rousettus sp. bat sampled in Měnglà County (勐腊县), Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [145, 146] (TaxoProp 2019.011M.A.v1.Mengla_dianlovirus).

One new species, Bombali ebolavirus, was created in genus Ebolavirus, for Bombali virus (BOMV) first discovered by consensus PCR and confirmed by HTS in little free-tailed bats (Chaerephon pumilus (Cretzschmar, 1830–1831)) and Angolan free-tailed bats (Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1833)) sampled in Bombali District, Northern Province, Sierra Leone [37] (TaxoProp 2019.007M.A.v2.Bombali_ebolavirus).

Family Lispiviridae

No changes were made.

Family Mymonaviridae

A new genus, Hubramonavirus, was established for two new species: Hubei hubramonavirus for Húběi rhabdo-like virus 4 (HbRLV-4) discovered by HTS in an arthropod mix collected in Húběi Province (湖北省), China [106] and Lentinula hubramonavirus for Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 1 (LeNSRV-1) first detected by HTS in commercial shiitakes (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (1976)) sampled in Japan [60] (TaxoProp 2019.001F.A.v1.Hubramonavirus_1gen).

Family Nyamiviridae

No changes were made.

Family Paramyxoviridae

The overlooked deletion of species Bat mumps orthorubulavirus and the overlooked renaming of species Synodus paramyxovirus to Synodus synodonvirus were corrected (TaxoProp 2019.016M.A.v1.Corrections).

The family was expanded by three new genera: genus Cynoglossusvirus for the already established species Cynoglossus paramyxovirus (now renamed Cynoglossus cynoglossusvirus); genus Hoplichthysvirus for the already established species Hoplichthys paramyxovirus (now renamed Hoplichthys hoplichthysvirus); and genus Scoliodonvirus for the already established species Scoliodon paramyxovirus (now renamed Scoliodon scoliodonvirus) (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Aquaparamyxovirus was expanded by one species, Oncorhynchus aquaparamyxovirus, for Pacific salmon paramyxovirus (PSPV) first isolated from Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)) in Oregon, USA [135]. Species Salmon aquaparamyxovirus was renamed Salmo aquaparamyxovirus (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Jeilongvirus was expanded by one species, Miniopteran jeilongvirus, for “bat paramyxovirus isolate Bat-ParaV/B16-40” (here renamed Shaan virus [ShaV]) first isolated from a Schreibers’s long-fingered bat (Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817)) feces sampled in Danyang County (단양군), North Chungcheong Province (충청북도), South Korea [79] (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Orthoavulavirus was expanded erroneously by two species, Avian orthoavulavirus 21 and Avian orthovulavirus 21 [sic], for the same virus, “avian paramyxovirus 17” (here renamed avian paramyxovirus 21 [APMV-21]) first isolated from bird feces collected in Seosan (서산시), South Chungcheong Province (충청남도), South Korea [48] (TaxoProps 2019.014M.A.v1.Avulavirus_1newsp and 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Orthorubulavirus was expanded by one species, Mammalian orthorubulavirus 6, for Alston virus (AlsV) first isolated from pteropodid bat urine sampled in Alstonville, New South Wales, Australia [49] (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Pararubulavirus was expanded by one species, Hervey pararubulavirus, for Hervey virus (HerV) first isolated from pteropodid bat urine sampled in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia [11, 53]. (TaxoProp 2019.025M.A.v2.Paramyxoviridae_3gen5sp4rensp).

Genus Respirovirus was expanded by one species, Squirrel respirovirus, for giant squirrel virus (GSqV) first isolated from a Sri Lankan giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769)) sampled in a German zoo [35] (TaxoProp 2019.019M.A.v2.1newsp_Squirrel_respirovirus).

Family Rhabdoviridae

Genus Almendravirus was expanded by one species, Menghai almendravirus, for Menghai rhabdovirus (MRV) first isolated from Asian tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894)) collected in Měnghǎi County (勐海县) in Yúnnán Province (云南省), China [113] (TaxoProp 2019.033M.N.v1.Menghai_almendravirus_1sp).

Genus Nucleorhabdovirus was split into three genera, Alphanucleorhabdovirus, Betanucleorhabdovirus, and Gammanucleorhabdovirus (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen). Established species Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus, Maize Iranian mosaic nucleorhabdovirus, Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus, Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus, and Taro vein chlorosis nucleorhabdovirus were assigned to genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Eggplant mottled dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus, Maize Iranian mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus, Maize mosaic alphanucleorhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf alphanucleorhabdovirus, Rice yellow stunt alphanucleorhabdovirus, and Taro vein chlorosis alphanucleorhabdovirus, respectively. Established species Datura yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus, Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus, and Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus were assigned to genus Betanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Datura yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus, Sonchus yellow net betanucleorhabdovirus, and Sowthistle yellow vein betanucleorhabdovirus, respectively. Established species Maize fine streak nucleorhabdovirus was assigned to genus Gammanucleorhabdovirus and renamed Maize fine streak gammanucleorhabdovirus (TaxoProp 2019.031M.Ac.v1.Nucleorhabdovirus_splitgen).

Three new species were established in genus Alphanucleorhabdovirus:

Three new species were established in genus Betanucleorhabdovirus:

One new genus, Arurhavirus, was established to include four species:

One new genus, Barhavirus, was established to include two new species:

One new genus, Lostrhavirus, was established to include new species Lonestar zarhavirus [sic] for lone star tick rhabdovirus (LSTRV) first detected by HTS in lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758)) collected in the USA [unpublished] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Mousrhavirus, was established to include the previously established species Moussa virus (now renamed Moussa mousrhavirus) (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new genus, Ohlsrhavirus, was established to include five new species:

One new genus, Sawgrhavirus, was established to include four new species:

One new genus, Sunrhavirus, was established to accommodate six novel species:

One new genus, Zarhavirus, was created for one new species, Zahedan zarhavirus, for Zahedan rhabdovirus (ZARV) first isolated from ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Koch, 1844)) collected in Zâhedân , Sistan and Baluchestan Province , Iran [28] (TaxoProp 2019.012M.A.v1.Rhabdoviridae_5gen8sp1reasp).

One new species, Taiwan bat lyssavirus, was added to genus Lyssavirus for Taiwan bat lyssavirus (TWBLV) first isolated from a Japanese pipistrelle (Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1838)) sampled in Taiwan [45] (TaxoProp 2019.001M.A.v1.Lyssavirus).

Genus Cytorhabdovirus was expanded by 12 species:

One new species, Holmes hapavirus, was added to genus Hapavirus for Holmes Jungle virus (HOJV) first isolated from common banded mosquitoes (Culex annulirostris Skuse, 1889) collected near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia [38] (2019.003M.A.v3.Hapavirus).

Three new species were added to genus Sripuvirus:

Taxonomic changes within order Muvirales (Haploviricotina: Chunqiuviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Serpentovirales (Haploviricotina: Milneviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Articulavirales (Polyploviricotina: Insthoviricetes)

No changes were made.

Taxonomic changes within order Bunyavirales (Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes)

Family Arenaviridae

Genus Hartmanivirus was expanded by three species: Muikkunen hartmanivirus for Dante Muikkunen virus 1 (DaMV-1), Schoolhouse hartmanivirus for old schoolhouse viruses 1 and 2 (OScV-1/2), and Zurich hartmanivirus for veterinary pathology Zurich viruses 1 and 2 (VPZV-1/2), all first detected by HTS in captive boid snakes [44] (TaxoProp 2019.008M.A.v2.Hartmanivirus_3new sp).

Genus Mammarenavirus was expanded by four species:

Family Fimoviridae

Genus Emaravirus was expanded by two species: Blackberry leaf mottle associated emaravirus for blackberry leaf mottle-associated virus (BLMaV) first discovered in blackberries (Rubus spp.) collected in various US states (TaxoProp 2019.010P.A.v1.Emaravirus_1sp) [41] and Pistacia emaravirus B for pistacia virus B (PiVB) discovered by HTS in pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) sampled in Turkey [18] (TaxoProp 2019.011P.A.v1.Emaravirus_1sp).

Family Hantaviridae

Genus Loanvirus was expanded by one species, Brno loanvirus, for Brno virus (BRNV) first discovered by HTS in a noctule (Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774)) sampled in Brno, South Moravia Region (Jihomoravský kraj), Czech Republic [112] (TaxoProp 2019.017M.A.v3.1newsp_Brno_virus).

Family Peribunyaviridae

Genus Pacuvirus was expanded by two species: new species Caimito pacuvirus for Caimito virus (CAIV) first isolated from sandflies (Nyssomyia ylephiletor (Fairchild and Hertig, 1952)) sampled in El Aguacate, Panamá Province, Panama [46, 116] (TaxoProp 2019.022M.A.v2.2sp_Pacuvirus) and Chilibre pacuvirus (the former Chilibre phlebovirus, renamed and moved from genus Phlebovirus) (TaxoProps 2019.022M.A.v2.2sp_Pacuvirus and 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Family Phasmaviridae

The previously established genus Inshuvirus and its included species Insect inshuvirus were both abolished due to insufficient member virus information (TaxoProp 2019.028M.A.v2.Phasmaviridae_1newsp_abol1gen3sp).

New species Anopheles orthophasmavirus was included in genus Orthophasmavirus for Anopheles triannulatus orthophasmavirus (AtOPV) first discovered by HTS in mosquitoes (Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva and Pinto, 1922)) sampled in Santa Bárbara Farm, Amapá State, Brazil [103]. Two species, Nome phantom orthophasmavirus and Seattle orthophasmavirus, were abolished (TaxoProp 2019.028M.A.v2.Phasmaviridae_1newsp_abol1gen3sp).

Family Phenuiviridae

The previously unassigned genus Coguvirus was included in family Phenuiviridae (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp). One new species, Coguvirus eburi, was created in the genus for citrus virus A (CiVA) first discovered by HTS in a sweet orange tree in Italy [78] (2019.004P.A.v1.Coguvirus_1sp).

Genus Banyangvirus and included species Huaiyangshan banyangvirus, Guertu banyangvirus, and Heartland banyangvirus were renamed Bandavirus, Dabie bandavirus, Guertu bandavirus, and Heartland bandavirus, respectively (TaxoProps 2019.015M.A.v1.Bandavirus and 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp). Four new bandavirus species were added to the genus:

Genus Entovirus was created for one new species, Entoleuca entovirus, for Entoleuca phenui-like virus 1 (EnPLV-1) first discovered by HTS in Entoleuca sp. fungi sampled in Málaga Province, Spain [124] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Genus Kabutovirus and included species Kabuto mountain kabutovirus and Huangpi kabutovirus were renamed Uukuvirus, Kabuto mountain uukuvirus, and Huangpi uukuvirus, respectively. The established species Uukuniemi phlebovirus was moved into genus Uukuvirus and renamed Uukuniemi uukuvirus. 14 new species were established in genus Uukuvirus:

Genus Ixovirus was established for the three new species:

Genus Lentinuvirus was created for one new species, Lentinula lentinuvirus, for Lentinula edodes negative-strand RNA virus 2 (LeNSRV-2) first discovered by HTS in shiitakes (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (1976)) sampled in Japan [60] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

In genus Phlebovirus, established species Sandfly fever Naples phlebovirus was renamed Naples phlebovirus. The genus was expanded by 53 new species (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp):

Genus Rubodvirus was created for the two new species Apple rubodvirus 1 and 2 to accommodate apple rubbery wood viruses 1 and 2 (ARWV-1/2), respectively, first discovered using HTS in apple trees (Malus sp.) sampled in Germany and USA [100] (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

One new species, Melon tenuivirus, was added to genus Tenuivirus for melon chlorotic spot virus (MeCSV) first isolated from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) sampled in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region, France [57].

Genus Wubeivirus was abolished and its two species, Fly wubeivirus and Dipteran wubeivirus, were moved into genus Phasivirus and renamed Fly phasivirus and Dipteran phasivirus, respectively (TaxoProp 2019.026M.A.v1.Phenuiviridae_4gen79sp).

Family Tospoviridae

The overlooked adjustment of 12 tospovirid species names to correct non-Latinized binomials was implemented (TaxoProp 2019.016M.A.v1.Corrections).

Eight new species were created in genus Orthotospovirus:

SUMMARY

A summary of the current, ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the phylum Negarnaviricota is presented in Table 1 (Goujianvirales), Table 2 (Jingchuvirales), Table 3 (Mononegavirales), Table 4 (Muvirales), Table 5 (Serpentovirales), Table 6 (Articulavirales), and Table 7 (Bunyavirales).

Table 1 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Goujianvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Yunchangviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 2 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Jingchuvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 3 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 4 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Muvirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Chunqiuviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 5 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Serpentovirales (Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Milneviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 6 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Articulavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Insthoviricetes) as of March 2020

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Table 7 ICTV-accepted taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales (Negarnaviricota: Polyploviricotina: Ellioviricetes) as of March 2020

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Acknowledgements

We thank W. Ian Lipkin and Rafal Tokarz (Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA) for providing/approving new names for “blacklegged tick phleboviruses 1 and 3” and Edward Holmes (University of Sydney, Australia) for providing/approving a new name for “Norway phlebovirus”. Many authors are current members of 2017-2020 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Study Groups: Arenaviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Michael J. Buchmeier, Rémi N. Charrel, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Stephan Günther, Mark D. Stenglein, Jussi Hepojoki, Manuela Sironi, Igor S. Lukashevich, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Víctor Romanowski, Maria S. Salvato), Artoviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Nikos Vasilakis), Aspiviridae (John V. da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, John Hammond, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Vicente Pallás, Carina A. Reyes, Gabriel Robles Luna, Takahide Sasaya, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Martin Verbeek), Bornaviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Thomas Briese, Ralf Dürrwald, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H. Hyndman, Norbert Nowotny, Susan Payne, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Mark D. Stenglein, Keizō Tomonaga), Bunyavirales (Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Sandra Junglen, Amy J. Lambert, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Gustavo Palacios, Takahide Sasaya, Yong-Zhen Zhang), Filoviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Alexander Bukreyev, Kartik Chandran, Ian Crozier, Olga Dolnik, John M. Dye, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Gary Kobinger, Eric M. Leroy, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V. Netesov, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T. Pawęska, Sophie Smither, Ayato Takada, Jonathan S. Towner, Victoria Wahl), Fimoviridae (Michele Digiaro, Toufic Elbeaino, Giovanni P. Martelli, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Hans-Peter Mühlbach), Hantaviridae (Steven Bradfute, Charles H. Calisher, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Lies Laenen, Piet Maes, Jin-Won Song, Yong-Zhen Zhang), Jingchuvirales (Nicholas Di Paola), Monjiviricetes (Jens H. Kuhn, Ralf G. Dietzgen, W. Paul Duprex, Dàohóng Jiāng, Piet Maes, Janusz T. Pawęska, Bertus K. Rima, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Peter J. Walker, Yong-Zhen Zhang), Mymonaviridae (María A. Ayllón, Dàohóng Jiāng, Shin-Yi L. Marzano), Nairoviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Felicity Burt, Nicholas Di Paola, Koray Ergünay, Aura R. Garrison, Roger Hewson, Ali Mirazimi, Gustavo Palacios, Anna Papa, Amadou Alpha Sall, Jessica R. Spengler), Negarnaviricota (Jens H. Kuhn, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Yuri I. Wolf), Nyamiviridae (Jens H. Kuhn, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Nikos Vasilakis), Orthomyxoviridae (Justin Bahl, Inmaculada Casas, Adolfo García-Sastre, Seiji Hongo, Sergio H. Marshall, John W. McCauley, Gabriele Neumann, Colin R. Parrish, Daniel R. Pérez, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Martin Schwemmle), Paramyxoviridae (Anne Balkema-Buschmann, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Andrew J. Easton, Ron Fouchier, Gael Kurath, Benhur Lee, Bertus K. Rima, Paul Rota, Lin-Fa Wang, Robobert A. Lamb), Peribunyaviridae (Scott Adkins, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Martin Beer, Carol D. Blair, Charles H. Calisher, Michael A. Drebot, Holly R. Hughes, Amy J. Lambert, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Xiǎohóng Shí), Phasmaviridae (Matthew J. Ballinger, Roy A. Hall, Sandra Junglen, Stanley L. Langevin, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa), Phenuiviridae (Thomas Briese, Rémi N. Charrel, Xavier De Lamballerie, Hideki Ebihara, George Fú Gāo, Martin H. Groschup, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Gustavo Palacios, Takahide Sasaya, Jin-Won Song), Pneumoviridae (Paul A. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Rik L. de Swart, Jan Felix Drexler, W. Paul Duprex, Andrew J. Easton, Jiànróng Lǐ, Kirsten Spann, Natalie J. Thornburg, Bernadette van den Hoogen, John V. Williams), Rhabdoviridae (Kim R. Blasdell, Rachel Breyta, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Anthony R. Fooks, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, David M. Stone, Robert B. Tesh, Noël Tordo, Nikos Vasilakis, Peter J. Walker, Anna E. Whitfield), Sunviridae (Timothy H. Hyndman, Gael Kurath), Tenuivirus (Il-Ryong Choi, Gilda B. Jonson, Takahide Sasaya, Yukio Shirako, Tàiyún Wèi, Xueping Zhou), and Tospoviridae (Scott Adkins, Amy J. Lambert, Rayapati Naidu, Renato O. Resende, Massimo Turina, Anna E. Whitfield); or are ICTV Executive Committee Members: the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee (Peter Simmonds), the 2018–2020 ICTV Proposal Secretary (Peter J. Walker), the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee (F. Murilo Zerbini), the 2017–2020 ICTV Chair of the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee (Jens H. Kuhn), and 2017–2020 Elected Members (Sead Sabanadzovic, Arvind Varsani). We would like to thank Anya Crane (NIH/NIAID/DCR/IRF-Frederick) for critically editing the manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Giovanni P. Martelli: Deceased.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
    Jens H. Kuhn
  2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
    Scott Adkins
  3. Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
    Daniela Alioto & Maria Minutolo
  4. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
    Sergey V. Alkhovsky
  5. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
    Gaya K. Amarasinghe
  6. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
    Simon J. Anthony
  7. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
    Simon J. Anthony
  8. Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
    Tatjana Avšič-Županc
  9. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
    María A. Ayllón
  10. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
    María A. Ayllón
  11. Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
    Justin Bahl
  12. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
    Anne Balkema-Buschmann & Martin H. Groschup
  13. Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
    Matthew J. Ballinger
  14. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
    Tomáš Bartonička
  15. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
    Christopher Basler
  16. Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
    Sina Bavari
  17. Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
    Martin Beer, Leonie F. Forth, Florian Pfaff & Dennis Rubbenstroth
  18. Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
    Dennis A. Bente & Alexander Bukreyev
  19. Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
    Éric Bergeron, Jessica R. Spengler & Jonathan S. Towner
  20. School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
    Brian H. Bird
  21. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
    Carol Blair
  22. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
    Kim R. Blasdell
  23. University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
    Steven B. Bradfute
  24. US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
    Rachel Breyta
  25. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
    Thomas Briese
  26. Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
    Paul A. Brown
  27. RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Ursula J. Buchholz
  28. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
    Michael J. Buchmeier
  29. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
    Alexander Bukreyev, Robert B. Tesh & Nikos Vasilakis
  30. Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
    Felicity Burt
  31. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Campus, 46060, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
    Nihal Buzkan
  32. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
    Charles H. Calisher
  33. National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
    Mengji Cao
  34. Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
    Mengji Cao
  35. Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
    Inmaculada Casas
  36. Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
    John Chamberlain
  37. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
    Kartik Chandran
  38. Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
    Rémi N. Charrel & Xavier de Lamballerie
  39. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
    Biao Chen, Xin Yang, Tong Zhang & Guohui Zhou
  40. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
    Michela Chiumenti, Francesco Di Serio, Angelantonio Minafra & Beatriz Navarro
  41. Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
    Il-Ryong Choi
  42. Les Mandinaux, Le Grand Madieu, France
    J. Christopher S. Clegg
  43. Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
    Ian Crozier
  44. Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
    John V. da Graça
  45. CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
    Elena Dal Bó
  46. Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
    Alberto M. R. Dávila & Rodrigo Jardim
  47. Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
    Juan Carlos de la Torre
  48. Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Rik L. de Swart & Ron A. M. Fouchier
  49. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
    Patrick L. Di Bello
  50. United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
    Nicholas Di Paola, John M. Dye, Aura R. Garrison, Gustavo Palacios & Sheli R. Radoshitzky
  51. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
    Ralf G. Dietzgen
  52. CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
    Michele Digiaro
  53. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
    Valerian V. Dolja
  54. Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
    Olga Dolnik
  55. Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
    Michael A. Drebot
  56. Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
    Jan Felix Drexler, Sandra Junglen & Marco Marklewitz
  57. Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
    Ralf Dürrwald
  58. Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
    Lucie Dufkova, Daniel Ruzek, Jiří Salát, Jana Širmarová & Petra Straková
  59. Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
    William G. Dundon
  60. School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
    W. Paul Duprex & John V. Williams
  61. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
    Andrew J. Easton
  62. Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
    Hideki Ebihara
  63. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
    Toufic Elbeaino
  64. Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
    Koray Ergünay
  65. Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
    Anthony R. Fooks
  66. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    Pierre B. H. Formenty
  67. Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
    Juliana Freitas-Astúa
  68. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
    Selma Gago-Zachert
  69. Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/Saale, Germany
    Selma Gago-Zachert
  70. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
    George Fú Gāo & Dexin Li
  71. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
    María Laura García
  72. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
    Adolfo García-Sastre
  73. Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
    Aiah Gbakima
  74. One Health Institute, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
    Tracey Goldstein
  75. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
    Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
  76. Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
    Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
  77. Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
    Anthony Griffiths & Elke Mühlberger
  78. Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
    Stephan Günther
  79. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
    Roy A. Hall
  80. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
    John Hammond
  81. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
    Mohamed Hassan
  82. Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
    Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki & Teemu Smura
  83. Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
    Jussi Hepojoki
  84. Mobidiag Ltd, Espoo, Finland
    Satu Hepojoki
  85. Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zuerich, Zurich, Switzerland
    Udo Hetzel
  86. Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
    Roger Hewson
  87. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
    Bernd Hoffmann & Dirk Höper
  88. Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
    Seiji Hongo
  89. Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
    Masayuki Horie
  90. School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
    Timothy H. Hyndman
  91. Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
    Amara Jambai
  92. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
    Dàohóng Jiāng
  93. Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    Qi Jin
  94. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
    Qi Jin
  95. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
    Gilda B. Jonson & Piet Maes
  96. Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry, Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey
    Serpil Karadağ
  97. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
    Karen E. Keller
  98. Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
    Boris Klempa
  99. Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
    Jonas Klingström
  100. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
    Gary Kobinger
  101. Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
    Hideki Kondō
  102. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Eugene V. Koonin, Yuri I. Wolf & Natalya Yutin
  103. Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
    Mart Krupovic
  104. US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
    Gael Kurath
  105. US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Ames, USA
    Ivan V. Kuzmin
  106. Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
    Lies Laenen
  107. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
    Lies Laenen
  108. Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
    Robert A. Lamb
  109. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
    Robert A. Lamb
  110. Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Washington, USA
    Stanley L. Langevin
  111. Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
    Benhur Lee
  112. MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
    Eric M. Leroy
  113. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
    Jiànróng Lǐ
  114. Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
    Mifang Liang
  115. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
    Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Hui Wang, Xifeng Wang & Xueping Zhou
  116. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
    Igor S. Lukashevich
  117. Virology Research Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
    William Marciel de Souza
  118. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
    Sandra Junglen & Marco Marklewitz
  119. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
    Sergio H. Marshall
  120. Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
    Giovanni P. Martelli
  121. United States Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
    Robert R. Martin
  122. Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
    Shin-Yi L. Marzano
  123. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
    Sébastien Massart
  124. Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
    John W. McCauley
  125. Biocentre Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
    Nicole Mielke-Ehret & Hans-Peter Mühlbach
  126. Folkhalsomyndigheten, Stockholm, Sweden
    Ali Mirazimi
  127. Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
    Rayapati Naidu
  128. School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
    Tomohide Natsuaki
  129. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
    José A. Navarro
  130. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
    Sergey V. Netesov
  131. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
    Gabriele Neumann
  132. Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
    Norbert Nowotny
  133. College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
    Norbert Nowotny
  134. Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil
    Márcio R. T. Nunes
  135. Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
    Are Nylund & Arnfinn L. Økland
  136. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
    Vicente Pallas
  137. National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
    Bernadett Pályi
  138. National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
    Anna Papa
  139. College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
    Colin R. Parrish
  140. Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
    Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
  141. Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
    Janusz T. Pawęska
  142. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
    Susan Payne
  143. Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
    Daniel R. Pérez
  144. Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
    Aziz-ul Rahman & Muhammad Z. Shabbir
  145. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
    Pedro L. Ramos-González
  146. Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
    Renato O. Resende
  147. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
    Carina A. Reyes & Gabriel Robles Luna
  148. Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
    Bertus K. Rima
  149. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
    Víctor Romanowski
  150. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
    Paul Rota
  151. Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
    Jonathan A. Runstadler
  152. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
    Daniel Ruzek & Jiří Salát
  153. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
    Sead Sabanadzovic
  154. Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
    Amadou Alpha Sall
  155. Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Maria S. Salvato
  156. Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Karabuk University (UNIKA), Karabük, Turkey
    Kamil Sarpkaya
  157. Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
    Takahide Sasaya
  158. Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
    Martin Schwemmle
  159. MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
    Xiǎohóng Shí
  160. CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
    Zhènglì Shí & Xīnglóu Yáng
  161. Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
    Yukio Shirako
  162. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
    Peter Simmonds
  163. Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
    Manuela Sironi
  164. CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
    Sophie Smither
  165. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
    Jin-Won Song
  166. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
    Kirsten M. Spann
  167. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
    Mark D. Stenglein
  168. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
    David M. Stone
  169. Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    Ayato Takada
  170. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
    Natalie J. Thornburg
  171. Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
    Keizō Tomonaga
  172. Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV and CCHFV, Paris, France
    Noël Tordo
  173. Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
    Noël Tordo
  174. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
    Massimo Turina
  175. Division of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
    Ioannis Tzanetakis
  176. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
    Rainer G. Ulrich
  177. German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
    Rainer G. Ulrich
  178. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135, Turin, Italy
    Anna Maria Vaira
  179. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    Bernadette van den Hoogen
  180. The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
    Arvind Varsani
  181. Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
    Arvind Varsani
  182. Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Martin Verbeek
  183. National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
    Victoria Wahl
  184. NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    Jianwei Wang
  185. Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
    Lin-Fa Wang
  186. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
    Tàiyún Wèi
  187. Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, USA
    Heather Wells
  188. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
    Anna E. Whitfield
  189. MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, IPB, CAMS, Beijing, China
    Zhìqiáng Wú
  190. Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
    Xuejie Yu
  191. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    F. Murilo Zerbini
  192. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
    Yong-Zhen Zhang
  193. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
    Yong-Zhen Zhang
  194. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
    Holly R. Hughes & Amy J. Lambert
  195. Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
    Jorlan Fernandes, Alexandro Guterres, Elba R. S. Lemos & Renata C. Oliveira
  196. School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
    Peter J. Walker

Authors

  1. Jens H. Kuhn
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  2. Scott Adkins
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  3. Daniela Alioto
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  4. Sergey V. Alkhovsky
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  5. Gaya K. Amarasinghe
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  6. Simon J. Anthony
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  7. Tatjana Avšič-Županc
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  8. María A. Ayllón
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  9. Justin Bahl
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  10. Anne Balkema-Buschmann
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  11. Matthew J. Ballinger
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  12. Tomáš Bartonička
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  13. Christopher Basler
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  14. Sina Bavari
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  15. Martin Beer
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  16. Dennis A. Bente
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  17. Éric Bergeron
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  18. Brian H. Bird
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Corresponding author

Correspondence toJens H. Kuhn.

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The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US Department of the Army, the US Department of Defense, the US Department of Health and Human Services, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The US departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Funding

This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, sponsored by NCI. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494.

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Kuhn, J.H., Adkins, S., Alioto, D. et al. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.Arch Virol 165, 3023–3072 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2

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