A review of the health impacts of barium from natural and anthropogenic exposure (original) (raw)
References
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist). (1974). Barium and Compounds (as Ba). Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed, 2nd printing. Cincinnati.
Allen, A. (1943). Pa Ping or Kiating paralysis. Chin Med J (Engl),61, 296–301. Google Scholar
Ayre, J. E., & LeGuerrier, J. (1967). Some (regressive) effects of DMSO dexamethasone upon cervical cells in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,141(1), 414–422. CAS Google Scholar
Barnes, C., & Eltherington, L. (1973). Drug dosages in laboratory animals: A handbook. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar
Beliles, R. P. (1979). The lesser metals. Toxicity of heavy metals in the environment. Part 2. (p. 383).
Berggren, P., Andersson, T., & Hellman, B. (1983). The interaction between barium and calcium in β-cell rich pancreatic islets. Biomedical Research,4, 129–137. CAS Google Scholar
Berlman, I. (1971). Handbook of florescence spectra of aromatic molecules (2nd ed.). London: Academic Press. Google Scholar
Blaurock-Busch, E., Amin, O. R., Dessoki, H. H., & Rabah, T. (2012). Toxic metals and essential elements in hair and severity of symptoms among children with autism. Maedica,7(1), 38. Google Scholar
Blaurock-Busch, E., Amin, O. R., & Rabah, T. (2011). Heavy metals and trace elements in hair and urine of a sample of Arab children with autistic spectrum disorder. Mædica,6(4), 247. Google Scholar
Bligh, P. H. (1961). Metabolism of barium in the rat and man. Institute of Cancer Research (University of London), PhD thesis, London University. Thesis DX203366, British Thesis Service, British Library.
Boehm, R. (1875). Ueber die Wirkungen der Barytsalze auf den Thierkbrper nebst Bemerkungen iiber die Wirkung des Wasserschierlings Circuta virosa auf Frosche. Archive for Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie,3, 216. Google Scholar
Brenniman, G., Kojola, W., Levy, P., Carnow, B., & Namekata, T. (1981). High barium levels in public drinking water and its association with elevated blood pressure. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal,36(1), 28–32. CAS Google Scholar
Brenniman, G., & Levy, P. (1984). Epidemiological study of barium in Illinois drinking water supplies. In E. J. Calabrese, R. W. Tuthill, & L. Condie (Eds.), Advances in modern toxicology (Vol. IX, pp. 231–249). Princeton, NJ: Princeton Publishing Co. Google Scholar
Brenniman, G., Namekata, T., Kojola, W., Carnow, B., & Levy, P. (1979). Cardiovascular disease death rates in communities with elevated levels of barium in drinking water. Environmental Research,20(2), 318–324. CAS Google Scholar
Brooks, S. (1986). Pulmonary reactions to miscellaneous mineral dusts, man-made mineral fibers, and miscellaneous pneumoconioses. In J. A. Merchant (Ed.), Occupational respiratory diseases (pp. 86–102). Washington: USCPO, US Department of Health and Human Services. Google Scholar
Burton, J. H., Price, T. D., & Middleton, W. D. (1999). Correlation of bone Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca due to biological purification of calcium. Journal of Archaeological Science,26(6), 609–616. Google Scholar
Calabrese, E. (1977). Excessive barium and radium 226 in Illinois drinking water. Journal of Environmental Health,39(5), 366–369. CAS Google Scholar
Calabrese, E. J., Canada, A. T., & Sacco, C. (1985). Trace elements and public health. Annual Review of Public Health,6(1), 131–146. CAS Google Scholar
Canet, C., Anadon, P., Gonzalez-Partida, E., Alfonso, P., Rajabi, A., Perez-Segura, E., et al. (2014). Palezoic bedded barite deposits from Sonora (NW Mexico): Evidence for a hydrocarbon seep environment of formation. Ore Geology Reviews,56, 292–300. Google Scholar
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2009). Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2009. Resource document. http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Chakrabarti, R., Basu, A. R., Santo, A. P., Tedesco, D., & Vaselli, O. (2009). Isotopic and geochemical evidence for a heterogeneous mantle plume origin of the Virunga volcanics, Western rift, East African Rift system. Chemical Geology,259, 273–289. CAS Google Scholar
Charette, M. A., & Sholkovitz, E. R. (2006). Trace element cycling in a subterranean estuary: Part 2. Geochemistry of the pore water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,70(4), 811–826. CAS Google Scholar
Charette, M. A., Sholkovitz, E. R., & Hansel, C. M. (2005). Trace element cycling in a subterranean estuary: Part 1. Geochemistry of the permeable sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,69(8), 2095–2109. CAS Google Scholar
Choe, S.-Y., Kim, S.-J., Kim, H.-G., Lee, J. H., Choi, Y., Lee, H., et al. (2003). Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Science of the Total Environment,312(1), 15–21. CAS Google Scholar
Constant, H., & DeCalbiac, P. (1996). Bioavailability and bone toxicity of barium chloride administered continuously in rats. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises,54, 263–267. CAS Google Scholar
Cuddihy, R., & Griffith, W. (1972). A biological model describing tissue distribution and whole-body retention of barium and lanthanum in beagle dogs after inhalation and gavage. Health Physics,23(5), 621–633. CAS Google Scholar
Cuddihy, R. G., Hall, R. P., & Griffith, W. C. (1974). Inhalation exposures to barium aerosols: Physical, chemical and mathematical analysis. Health Physics,26(5), 405–416. CAS Google Scholar
Cuddihy, R., & Ozog, J. A. (1973). Nasal absorption of CsCl, SrCl2, BaCl2 and CeCl3 in Syrian hamsters. Health Physics,25(3), 219–224. CAS Google Scholar
Cuoco, E., Tedesco, D., Poreda, R. J., Williams, J. C., De Francesco, S., Balagizi, C., et al. (2013). Impact of volcanic plume emissions on rain water chemistry during the January 2010 Nyamuragira eruptive event: Implications for essential potable water resources. Journal of Hazardous Materials,244, 570–581. Google Scholar
Dallas, E., & Williams, P. (2001). Barium: Rationale for a new oral reference dose. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews,4(4), 395–429. CAS Google Scholar
Darrah, T. (2009). Inorganic trace element composition of modern human bones: Relation to bone pathology and geographical provenance identification. Doctoral Thesis. University of Rochester.
Darrah, T. H., Campbell, M. E., Prustman-Pfeiffer, J. J., Poreda, R. J., & Hannigan, R. E. (2013a). Trace element composition of modern human bone. In P. Censi, T. H. Darrah, & Y. Erel (Eds.), Medical geochemistry: Geological materials and health (pp. 167–191). Berlin: Springer. Google Scholar
Darrah, T., Campbell, M., Rinderknecht, A., Stodgell, C., Walker, C., Szabo, S., et al. (2012a). Validation of ICP-MS for the quantitative analysis of traditional and emerging environmental toxic and nutritional metals in human placenta from the national children’s study. The Birth Defects Research, Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology,94(5), 384. Google Scholar
Darrah, T. H., Prutsman-Pfeiffer, J. J., Poreda, R. J., Campbell, M. E., Hauschka, P. V., & Hannigan, R. E. (2009). Incorporation of excess gadolinium into human bone from medical contrast agents. Metallomics,1(6), 479–488. CAS Google Scholar
Darrah, T., Vengosh, A., Jackson, R. B., Warner, N., & Poreda, R. J. (2012b). Constraining the source and migration of natural gas in shallow aquifers within active shale gas production zones: Insights from integrating noble gas and hydrocarbon isotope geochemistry; Geological Society of America Meeting: Charlotte, NC 6 November, 2012.
Darrah, T., White, A., Campbell, M., Miller, R., Stodgell, C., Katzman, P., et al. (2013b). Understanding the Trace Metal Composition of Human Placenta from the National Children’s Study (NCS). The Birth Defects Research Part A-Clinical and Molecular Teratology,97(5), 233–371. doi:10.1002/bdra.23146. Google Scholar
Dean, G. (1950). Seven cases of barium carbonate poisoning. British Medical Journal,2(4683), 817. CAS Google Scholar
Della Rosa, G. R., & Wolf, H. G. (1967). Uptake and retention of orally administered 236Ra and 133Ba: A preliminary report. Report 472-114:40-41. Davis: University of California at Davis. Google Scholar
Diengott, D., Rozsa, O., Levy, N., & Muammar, S. (1964). Hypokalemia in barium poisoning. Lancet,2, 343–344. CAS Google Scholar
Dietz, D., Elwell, M., Davis, W., & Meirhenry, E. (1992). Subchronic toxicity of barium chloride dihydrate administered to rats and mice in the drinking water. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology,19(4), 527–537. CAS Google Scholar
DOE/EIA (Department of Energy/Energy Information Administration). (2012). Natural gas monthly. Resource document. DOE/EIA-0130(2012/07). Washington, DC. http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/pdf/0383%282013%29.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Doig, A. (1976). Baritosis: A benign pneumoconiosis. Thorax,31(1), 30–39. CAS Google Scholar
Du, K., & Dung, C. (1943). Pa” disease. Chinese Medical Journal,61, 302. CAS Google Scholar
Elwood, P., Abernethy, M., & Morton, M. (1974). Mortality in adults and trace elements in water. The Lancet,304(7895), 1470–1472. Google Scholar
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1985). Health advisory_—_Barium. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (1991). Monitoring for synthetic organic chemicals: MCLG’s and MCL’s for aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, pentachlorophenol, and barium. Resource Document: Federal Registry, 56, 3600–3614.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2002). National primary drinking water regulations. Washington, DC: Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Resource document EPA816F02013. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/consumer/pdf/mcl.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2005). Toxicological review of barium and compounds. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Resource document. http://www.epa.gov/iris/toxreviews/0010tr.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2011). Proceedings of the technical workshops for the hydraulic fracturing study: Chemical & analytical methods. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Resource document: EPA 600/R-11/066.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2013). Drinking water standards and health advisories tables. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Resource document. http://water.epa.gov/drink/standards/hascience.cfm. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Essing, H.-G., Buhlmeyer, G., & Valentin, H. (1976). Exclusion of disturbances to health from long years of exposure to barium carbonate in the production of steatite ceramics. Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Praventivmedizin,11, 299–302. Google Scholar
Ezzo, J. A., Larsen, C. S., & Burton, J. H. (1995). Elemental signatures of human diets from the Georgia Bight. American Journal of Physical Anthropology,98(4), 471–481. CAS Google Scholar
Faustman, E., Omenn, G., & Klassen, C. (2008) Casarett’s and doull’s toxicology. The basic science of poisons. In C.D. Klaassen (Ed.).
Federal Registry. (1997). Subchronic and chronic mammalian toxicity. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances. Federal Registry, 62, 366–372.
Fontenot, B. E., Hunt, L. R., Hildenbrand, Z. L., Carlton, D. D., Oka, H., Walton, J. L., et al. (2013). An evaluation of water quality in private drinking water wells near natural gas extraction sites in the Barnett Shale Formation. Environmental Science Technology,47, 10032–10040. CAS Google Scholar
Friberg, L., Nordberg, C., & Vouk, V. (1986). Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Google Scholar
Fromm, K. M. (2013). Barium bright and heavy. Nature chemistry,5(2), 146. CAS Google Scholar
Gaft, M., Reisfeld, R., Panczer, G., Boulon, G., Saraidarov, T., & Erlish, S. (2001). The luminescence of Bi, Ag and Cu in natural and synthetic barite BaSO4. Optical Materials,16(1), 279–290. CAS Google Scholar
Gallant, E. (1983). Barium-treated mammalian skeletal muscle: Similarities to hypokalaemic periodic paralysis. The Journal of Physiology,335(1), 577–590. CAS Google Scholar
Genter, M. (2001). Magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. In A. Bingham, B. Cohressen, & C. Powell (Eds.), Patty’s toxicology (5th ed., pp. 221–252). New York: Wiley. Google Scholar
Gilkeson, R., Specht, S., Cartwright, K., & Griffin, R. (1978). _Geologic studies to identify the source for high levels of radium and barium in Illinois groundwater supplies. Illinois State Geological Survey. Resource document: Water Resources Center Report No. 78_-0135. Urbana-Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois.
Gonneea, M. E., & Paytan, A. (2006). Phase associations of barium in marine sediments. Marine Chemistry,100(1–2), 124–135. CAS Google Scholar
Gormican, A. (1970). Inorganic elements in foods used in hospital menus. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,56, 397–403. CAS Google Scholar
Gould, D. B., Sorrell, M. R., & Lupariello, A. D. (1973). Barium sulfide poisoning: Some factors contributing to survival. Archives of Internal Medicine,132(6), 891. CAS Google Scholar
Gray, C., Sivaloganathan, S., & Simpkins, K. (1989). Aspiration of high-density barium contrast medium causing acute pulmonary inflammation—report of two fatal cases in elderly women with disordered swallowing. Clinical Radiology,40(4), 397–400. CAS Google Scholar
Harper, J. (2008). The Marcellus shale—An old “new” gas reservoir in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geology,28(1), 2–13. Google Scholar
Harrison, G., Carr, T., & Sutton, A. (1966). Plasma concentration and excretion of calcium-47, strontium-85, barium-133 and radium-223 following successive intravenous doses to a healthy man. Nature,209, 526–527. CAS Google Scholar
Harrison, G., Carr, T., & Sutton, A. (1968). Distribution of radioactive calcium, strontium, barium and radium following intravenous injection into a healthy man. International Journal of Radiation Biology,13(3), 235–247. Google Scholar
Hem, J. D. (1985). Barium. In: Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (p. 197). Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Herbert, V., Goodman, L., & Gilman, A. (1965). Pharmacological basis of therapeutics (3rd ed.). New York: MacMillan. Google Scholar
Hicks, R., de Caldas, L., Dare, P., & Hewitt, P. (1986). Cardiotoxic and bronchoconstrictor effects of industrial metal fumes containing barium toxic interfaces of neurones, smoke and genes (pp. 416–420). New York: Springer. Google Scholar
Hung, Y.-M., & Chung, H.-M. (2004). Acute self-poisoning by ingestion of cadmium and barium. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation,19(5), 1308–1309. Google Scholar
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). (1975). Publication 23: Report of the task group on reference man. New York, NY: Pergamon Press. Resource document. http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2023. Accessed October 21, 2013.
IRIS (Integrated Risk Information System). (2005). Barium and Compounds: CASRN 7440-39-3. Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Resource document. http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0010.htm. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Izraelson, Z. I. (1967). Toxicology of the rare metals. Israel Program for Scientific Translations (IPST).
Jackson, R. B., Vengosh, A., Darrah, T. H., Warren, N. R., Down, A., Poreda, R. J., et al. (2013). Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110, 11250–11255. CAS Google Scholar
Johannesson, K. H., Stetzenbach, K. J., Hodge, V. F., & Berry Lyons, W. (1996). Rare earth element complexation behavior in circumneutral pH groundwaters: Assessing the role of carbonate and phosphate ions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,139(1), 305–319. CAS Google Scholar
Johnson, C. H., & VanTassell, V. J. (1991). Acute barium poisoning with respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis. Annals of Emergency Medicine,20(10), 1138–1142. CAS Google Scholar
Jourdan, S., Bertoni, M., Sergio, P., Michele, P., & Rossi, M. (2001). Suicidal poisoning with barium chloride. Forensic Science International,119(2), 263–265. CAS Google Scholar
Kargbo, D. M., Wilhelm, R. G., & Campbell, D. J. (2010). Natural gas plays in the Marcellus shale: Challenges and potential opportunities. Environmental Science and Technology,44(15), 5679–5684. CAS Google Scholar
Kojola, W., Brenniman, G., & Carnow, B. (1978). A review of environmental characteristics and health effects of barium in public water supplies. Reviews on Environmental Health,3(1), 79–95. Google Scholar
Kopp, S. J., Perry, H, Jr, Feliksik, J. M., Erlanger, M., & Perry, E. F. (1985). Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypersensitivity to sodium pentobarbital induced by chronic barium chloride ingestion. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,77(2), 303–314. CAS Google Scholar
Kovats, S., Deledge, M., Haines, A., Fleming, L. E., Wilkinson, P., Shonkoff, S. B., et al. (2014). The health implications of fracking. The Lancet,383, 757–758. Google Scholar
Kowalska, J., Stryjewska, E., Bystrzejewska-Piotrowska, G., Lewandowski, K., Tobiasz, M., Paldyna, J., et al. (2012). Studies of plants useful in the re-cultivation of heavy metals-contaminated wasteland—A new hyperaccumulator of barium? Polish Journal of Environmenral Studies,21(2), 401–405. CAS Google Scholar
Kresse, R., Baudis, U., Jäger, P., Riechers, H. H., Wagner, H., Winkler, J., et al. (2007). Barium and barium compounds. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. New York: Wiley-VCH. Google Scholar
Leggett, R. (1992). Fractional absorption of ingested barium in adult humans. Health Physics,62(6), 556–561. CAS Google Scholar
Lengemann, F. (1959). The site of action of lactose in the enhancement of calcium utilization. The Journal of Nutrition,69(1), 23–27. CAS Google Scholar
Lewi, Z., & Bar-Khayim, Y. (1964). Food-poisoning from barium carbonate. The Lancet,284(7355), 342–343. Google Scholar
Lisk, D., Bache, C., Essick, L., Reid, C., Rutzke, M., & Crown, K. (1988). Absorption and excretion of selenium and barium in humans from consumption of Brazil nuts. Nutrition Reports International,38(1), 183–191. CAS Google Scholar
Manea-Krichten, M., Patterson, C., Miller, G., Settle, D., & Erel, Y. (1991). Comparative increases of lead and barium with age in human tooth enamel, rib and ulna. Science of the Total Environment,107, 179–203. CAS Google Scholar
McCauley, P., & Washington, I. (1983). Barium bioavailability as the chloride, sulfate, or carbonate salt in the rat. Drug and Chemical Toxicology,6(2), 209–217. CAS Google Scholar
McDermott-Levy, R., Kaktins, N., & Sattler, B. (2013). Fracking, the environment, and health. American Journal of Nursing,113, 45–51. Google Scholar
Meister, R. T., & Sine, C. (2012). Crop protection handbook. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Company. Google Scholar
Milanov, M. (1982). A possibility of substituting Ca2 + by Ba2 + or Mn + during the contractile processes of complex stomach smooth muscles. General Pharmacology,13, 511–513. CAS Google Scholar
Miller, R., Featherstone, J., Curzon, M., Mills, T., & Shields, C. (1985). Barium in teeth as indicator of body burden. Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology,9, 211. Google Scholar
Miner, S. (1969). Preliminary air pollution of barium and its compounds. A literature review. Prepared under Contract No. PH 22-68-25 USDHEW, Public Health Service, National Air Pollution Control Administration, Raleigh, NC.
Moffett, D., Smith, C., Stevens, Y., Ingerman, L., Swarts, S., & Chappell, L. (2007). Toxicological profile for barium and barium compounds. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (pp. 1–231). Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of Health and Human Services.
Mørch, Y. A., Qi, M., Gundersen, P. O. M., Formo, K., Lacik, I., Skjåk-Bræk, G., et al. (2012). Binding and leakage of barium in alginate microbeads. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A,100(11), 2939–2947. Google Scholar
Morton, W. (1945). Poisoning by barium carbonate. The Lancet,246(6380), 738–739. Google Scholar
National Research Council. (1982). Drinking water and health, Vol 4 (pp. 167–170). Washington, DC. The National Academies Press.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). (1982). Health hazard evaluation report. Coffeyville, Kansas: Sherwin Williams Company. Resource document: HETA/81-356-1183.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). (1992). U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Reports and Memoranda. Resource document: DHHS #92-100.
Nogaj, E., Kwapuliński, J., Misiołek, H., Lisowska, G., Rostkowska-Nadolska, B., Bień, S., et al. (2011). Pharyngeal tonsil as new biomarker of pollution on example of barium. Parameters,12(13), 20–23. Google Scholar
NTP (National Toxicology Program). (1994). NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of barium chloride dihydrate (CAS no. 10326-27-9) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies), NTP TR 432. NIH pub. 94-3163. NTIS pub. PB94-214178. Research Triangle Park, NC: Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Ohgami, N., Hori, S., Ohgami, K., Tamura, H., Tsuzuki, T., Ohnuma, S., et al. (2012). Exposure to low-dose barium by drinking water causes hearing loss in mice. Neurotoxicology,33(5), 1276–1283. CAS Google Scholar
Osborn, S. G., Vengosh, A., Warner, N. R., & Jackson, R. B. (2011). Methane contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108, 8172–8176. CAS Google Scholar
Padilla, M. A., Elobeid, M., Ruden, D. M., & Allison, D. B. (2010). An examination of the association of selected toxic metals with total and central obesity indices: NHANES 99-02. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,7(9), 3332–3347. CAS Google Scholar
Palmer, C. D., & Wittbrodt, P. R. (1991). Processes affecting the remediation of chromium-contaminated sites. Environmental Health Perspectives,92, 25. CAS Google Scholar
Pendergrass, E., & Greening, R. (1953). Baritosis; report of a case. AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine,7(1), 44. CAS Google Scholar
Perry, H., Kopp, S., Erlanger, M., & Perry, E. (1983). Cardiovascular effects of chronic barium ingestion. Trace Substances in Environmental Health,17, 155–164. CAS Google Scholar
Perry, H. M, Jr, Kopp, S. J., Perry, E. F., & Erlanger, M. W. (1989). Hypertension and associated cardiovascular abnormalities induced by chronic barium feeding. Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health Part A: Current Issues,28(3), 373–388. CAS Google Scholar
Phelan, D., & Hagley, S. (1984). Is hypokalemia the cause of paralysis in barium poisoning? British Medical Journal,289, 882. CAS Google Scholar
Polson, C., Green, M. A., & Lee, M. R. (1983). Clinical toxicology (3rd ed.). London: Pitman Book. Google Scholar
Reeves, A. (1979). Barium. In L. Friberg, G. F. Nordberg, E. Kessler, & V. B. Vouk (Eds.), Handbook on the toxicology of metals (pp. 321–328). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Google Scholar
Richmond, C., & Furchner, J. (1970). Retention and excretion of orally administered barium in dogs. In A. C. Anderson (Ed.), Metabolic kinetics in the beagle as an experimental dog (pp. 113–121). Ames: Iowa University Press. Google Scholar
Richmond, C., Furchner, J. E., & Trafton, G. A. (1960). Retention of 133Ba in mice, rats, and dogs. Resource document. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Report LAMS-2455, pp. 24–31.
Richter, P. A., Bishop, E. E., Wang, J., & Swahn, M. H. (2009). Tobacco smoke exposure and levels of urinary metals in the US youth and adult population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,6(7), 1930–1946. CAS Google Scholar
Ridgway, L. P., & Karnofsky, D. A. (1952). The effects of metals on the chick embryo: Toxicity and production of abnormalities in development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,55(2), 203–215. CAS Google Scholar
Roza, O., & Berman, L. B. (1971). The pathophysiology of barium: Hypokalemic and cardiovascular effects. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,177(2), 433–439. CAS Google Scholar
Savry, C., Bouche, O., Lefrant, J., Saissy, G., & Allain, P. (1999). Barium sulfate poisoning? Annales Francaises d’Anesthesie et de Reanimation,18(4), 454–457. CAS Google Scholar
Schauer, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., Cass, G. R., & Simoneit, B. R. (1999). Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 2. C1 through C30 organic compounds from medium duty diesel trucks. Environmental Science and Technology,33(10), 1578–1587. CAS Google Scholar
Schroeder, H. A., & Kraemer, L. A. (1974). Cardiovascular mortality, municipal water, and corrosion. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal,28(6), 303–311. CAS Google Scholar
Schroeder, H. A., Tipton, I. H., & Nason, A. P. (1972). Trace metals in man: Strontium and barium. Journal of Chronic Diseases,25(9), 491–517. CAS Google Scholar
Seaton, A., Ruckley, V. A., Addison, J., & Rhind Brown, W. R. (1986). Silicosis in barium miners. Thorax,41, 591–595. CAS Google Scholar
Shankle, R., & Keane, J. R. (1988). Acute paralysis from inhaled barium carbonate. Archives of Neurology,45(5), 579. CAS Google Scholar
Shine, K. I., Douglas, A. M., & Ricchiuti, N. V. (1978). Calcium, strontium, and barium movements during ischemia and reperfusion in rabbit ventricle. Implications for myocardial preservation. Circulation Research,43(5), 712–720. CAS Google Scholar
Skornik, W. (1988). Inhalation toxicity of metal particles and vapors. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries,34, 123. Google Scholar
Sollman, T. (1943). Barium. A manual of pharmacology (6th ed., pp. 554–556). London: WB Saunders. Google Scholar
Sora, S., Carbone, M. L. A., Pacciarini, M., & Magni, G. E. (1986). Disomic and diploid meiotic products induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the salts of 27 elements. Mutagenesis,1(1), 21–28. CAS Google Scholar
Stockinger, H. (1981). The metals. In G. Clayton & D. Clayton (Eds.), Patty’s industrial hygiene and toxicology (Vol. II(A), pp. 1531–1537). New York, NY: Wiley. Google Scholar
Stoewsand, G., Anderson, J., Rutzke, M., & Lisk, D. (1988). Deposition of barium in the skeleton of rats fed Brazil nuts. Nutrition Reports International,38(2), 259–262. CAS Google Scholar
Stokinger, H., & Woodward, R. (1958). Toxicological methods for establishing drinking water standards. Journal of American Water Works Association,50, 515–529. CAS Google Scholar
Syed, I., Hosain, F., & Mann, N. (1981). GI tract excretion of barium. American Journal of Proctology, Gastroenterology & Colon & Rectal surgery,32(5), 16–20. CAS Google Scholar
Tang, J., & Johannesson, K. H. (2010). Ligand extraction of rare earth elements from aquifer sediments: Implications for rare earth element complexation with organic matter in natural waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,74(23), 6690–6705. CAS Google Scholar
Tarasenko, N. Y., Pronin, O., & Silayev, A. (1977). Barium compounds as industrial poisons (an experimental study). Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Immunology,21(4), 361. CAS Google Scholar
Tardiff, R., Robinson, M., & Ulmer, N. (1980). Subchronic oral toxicity of BaCl2 in rats. Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology,4(5–6), 267–275. CAS Google Scholar
Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Tedesco, D., Montegrossi, G., Darrah, T., Cuoco, E., et al. (2009). Water and gas chemistry at Lake Kivu (DRC): Geochemical evidence of vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in a multi-basin structure. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10. doi:10.1029/2008GC002191.
Taylor, D., Bligh, P., & Duggan, M. H. (1962). The absorption of calcium, strontium, barium and radium from the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. Biochemical Journal,83(1), 25. CAS Google Scholar
Taylor, S. R., & McLennan, S. M. (1985). The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Google Scholar
Tedesco, D., Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Poreda, R. J., Darrah, T., Cuoco, E., et al. (2010). Gas isotopic signatures (He, C, and Ar) in the Lake Kivu region (western branch of the East African rift system): Geodynamic and volcanological implications. Journal of Geophysical Research. doi:10.1029/2008JB006227.
Thomas, S. J. M., Edwards, P. P., & Kuznetsov, V. L. (2008). Sir Humphry Davy: Boundless chemist, physicist, poet and man of action. Chem Phys Chem,9(1), 59–66. CAS Google Scholar
Tipton, I. H., Stewart, P. L., & Dickson, J. (1969). Patterns of elemental excretion in long term balance studies. Health Physics,16(4), 455–462. CAS Google Scholar
Torres, M. E., Bohrmann, G., & Suess, S. (1996a). Authigenic barites and fluxes of barium associated with fluid seeps in the Peru subduction zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,144(3–4), 469–481. CAS Google Scholar
Torres, M. E., Brumsack, H. J., Bohrmann, G., & Emeis, K. C. (1996b). Barite fronts in continental margin sediments: A new look at barium remobilization in the zone of sulfate reduction and formation of heavy barites in diagenetic fronts. Chemical Geology,127(1–3), 125–139. CAS Google Scholar
Underwood, E. (1956). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar
Vagt, G. (1985). Barite and celestite. Mineral Resources Branch, Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada.
Vengosh, A., Jackson, R. B., Warner, N., Darrah, T. H., & Kondash, A. (2014). A critical review of the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, doi:10.1021/es405118y.
Vengosh, A., Warner, N., Jackson, R., & Darrah, T. (2013). The effects of shale gas exploration and hydraulic fracturing on the quality of water resources in the United States. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,7, 863–866. CAS Google Scholar
Vengosh, A., Warner, N., Osborn, S., & Jackson, R. (2011). Elucidating water contamination by fracturing fluids and formation waters from gas wells: Integrating isotopic and geochemical tracers. In Proceedings of the technical workshops for the hydraulic fracturing study: Chemical & analytical methods, pp. 81–83.
Wang, Z. C., & Li, G. Z. (1991). Barite and witherite deposits in lower Cambrian shales of south China-stratigraphic distribution of geochemical characterization. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists,86(2), 354–363. CAS Google Scholar
Wang, D.-Y., & Wang, Y. (2008). Phenotypic and behavioral defects caused by barium exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,54(3), 447–453. CAS Google Scholar
Warner, N. R., Jackson, R. B., Darrah, T. H., Osborn, S. G., Down, A., Zhao, K., et al. (2012). Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(30), 11961–11966. CAS Google Scholar
Wetherill, S., Guarino, M. J., & Cox, R. W. (1981). Acute renal failure associated with barium chloride poisoning. Annals of Internal Medicine,95(2), 187–188. CAS Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization). (1990). Barium. Environmental health criteria 107. Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organization, and World Health Organization. Resource document. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc107.htm. Accessed October 21, 2013.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2001). Barium and barium compounds. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 33 (Prepared by H. Choudhury and R. Cary). Resource document. http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/cicad33.htm. Accessed October 21 2013.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2004a). _Guidelines for drinking_-water quality: Incorporating first and second addenda, 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland. Resource document. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3/en/. Accessed October 21, 2013.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2004b). Barium in drinking water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 03.04/76. Resource document. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/barium.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Wisniak, J. (2009). Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, 40(3), 165–173.
Witter, R., McKenzie, L., Towle, M., Stinson, K., Scott, K., Newman, L., et al. (2010). Health impact assessment for Battlement Mesa, Garfield County, Colorado. University of Colorado Denver, Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, Colorado. Resource document. http://www.garfield-county.com/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx.
Witter, R., Stinson, K., Sackett, H., Putter, S., Kinney, G., Teitelbaum, D., et al. (2008). Potential exposure-related human health effects of oil and gas development: A white paper. Colorado School of Public Health. Resource document. http://docs.nrdc.org/health/files/hea_08091702a.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2013.
Woll, K. (1982). The effect of internal barium on the K current of the node of Ranvier. Pflügers Archiv,393(4), 318–321. CAS Google Scholar
Wones, R. G., Stadler, B. L., & Frohman, L. A. (1990). Lack of effect of drinking water barium on cardiovascular risk factors. Environmental Health Perspectives,85, 355. CAS Google Scholar
Yeşilada, E. (2001). Genotoxicity testing of some metals in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,66(4), 464–469. Google Scholar
Zargar, A. A. (2002). Effect of barium chloride on muscle contractility of isolated uterus cornu of rabbit. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility,1(3), 23–32. Google Scholar
Zschiesche, W., Schaller, K.-H., & Weltle, D. (1992). Exposure to soluble barium compounds: An interventional study in arc welders. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,64(1), 13–23. CAS Google Scholar