- Adams DC (2004) Character displacement via aggressive interference in Appalachian salamanders. Ecology 85:2664–2670
Article Google Scholar
- Adams DC, Nistri A (2010) Ontogenetic convergence and evolution of foot morphology in European cave salamanders (Family: Plethodontidae). BMC Evol Biol 10(216):1–10
Google Scholar
- Adams DC, Rohlf FJ (2000) Ecological character displacement in Plethodon: biomechanical differences found from a geometric morphometric study. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 97:4106–4111
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Adams DC, Rohlf FJ, Slice DE (2004) Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Ital J Zool 71:5–16
Article Google Scholar
- Alfaro ME, Bolnick DI, Wainwright PC (2004) Evolutionary dynamics of complex biomechanical systems: an example using the four-bar mechanism. Evolution 58:495–503
PubMed Google Scholar
- Alfaro ME, Bolnick DI, Wainwright PC (2005) Evolutionary consequences of many-to-one mapping of jaw morphology to mechanics in labrid fishes. Am Nat 165:E140–E154
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Andersson M (1994) Sexual selection: monographs in behavior and ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Google Scholar
- Arnold EN (1973) Relationships of the Palearctic lizards assigned to the genera Lacerta, Algyroides and Psammodromus (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Bull Br Mus 25:289–366
Google Scholar
- Arnold SJ (1983) Morphology, performance and fitness. Am Zool 23:347–361
Google Scholar
- Arnold EN (1987) Resource partition among lacertid lizards in southern Europe. J Zool Lond (B) 1:739–782
Google Scholar
- Arnold EN (1998) Cranial kinesis in lizards: variations, uses and origins. Evol Biol 30:323–357
Google Scholar
- Bonduriansky R (2007) Sexual selection and allometry: a critical reappraisal of the evidence and ideas. Evolution 61:838–849
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Bonduriansky R, Day T (2003) The evolution of static allometry in sexually selected traits. Evolution 57:2450–2458
PubMed Google Scholar
- Bookstein FL (1991) Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
- Braña F (1996) Sexual dimorphism in lacertid lizards: male head increase vs female abdomen increase? Oikos 75:511–523
Article Google Scholar
- Brecko J, Huyghe K, Vanhooydonck B, Herrel A, Grbac I (2008) Functional and ecological relevance of intraspecific variation in body size and shape in the lizard Podarcis melisellensis (Lacertidae). Biol J Linn Soc 94:251–264
Article Google Scholar
- Bruner E, Constantini D (2007) Head morphological variation in Podarcis muralis and Podarcis sicula: a landmark-based approach. Amphib Reptilia 28:566–573
Article Google Scholar
- Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multi-model inference: a practical-theoretic approach, 2nd edn. Springer, New York
Google Scholar
- Butler MA, Losos JB (2002) Multivariate sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards. Ecol Monogr 72:541–559
Article Google Scholar
- Butler MA, Sawyer SA, Losos JB (2007) Sexual dimorphism and adaptive radiation in Anolis lizards. Nature 447:202–205
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Carretero MA (2004) Form set menu to a la carte. Linking issues in trophic ecology of Mediterranean lizards. Ital J Zool Supp 2:121–133
Article Google Scholar
- Carretero MA (2008) An integrated assessment of the specific status in a group with complex systematics: the Iberomaghrebian lizard genus Podarcis (Squamata, Lacertidae). Integr Zool 4:247–266
Article Google Scholar
- Carretero MA, Llorente GA (2001) What are they really eating? Stomach versus intestine as sources of diet information in lacertids. In: Vicente L, Crespo EG (eds) Mediterranean basin lacertid lizards: a biological approach. ICN, Lisbon, pp 105–112
Google Scholar
- Cooper WE Jr., Vitt LJ (1989) Sexual dimorphism of head and body size in an iguanid lizard: paradoxical results. Am Nat 133:729–735
Article Google Scholar
- Diaz JA (1995) Prey selection by lacertid lizards: a short review. Herp J 5:245–251
Google Scholar
- Drake AG, Klingenberg CP (2008) The pace of morphological change: historical transformation of skull shape in St Bernard dogs. Proc R Soc B 275:71–76
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Harris DJ, Sá-Sousa P (2002) Molecular phylogenetics of Iberian Wall Lizards (Podarcis): is Podarcis hispanica a species complex? Mol Phylogenet Evol 23:75–81
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Herrel A, O’Reilly JC (2006) Ontogenetic scaling of bite force in lizards and turtles. Phys Biochem Zool 79:31–42
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Van Damme R, de Vree F (1996) Sexual dimorphism of head size in Podarcis hispanica atrata: testing the dietary divergence hypothesis by bite force analysis. Neth J Zool 46:253–262
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Aerts P, De Vree F (1998a) Ecomorphology of the lizard feeding apparatus: a modelling approach. Neth J Zool 48:1–25
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Aerts P, De Vree F (1998b) Static biting in lizards: functional morphology of the temporal ligaments. J Zool Lond 244:135–143
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, de Grauw E, Lemos-Espinal JA (2001a) Head shape and bite performance in xenosaurid lizards. J Exp Zool 290:101–107
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Meyers JJ, Vanhooydonck B (2001b) Correlations between habitat use and body shape in a phrynosomatid lizard (Urosaurus ornatus): a population-level analysis. Biol J Linn Soc 74:305–314
Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Meyers J, Nishikawa KC, De Vree F (2001c) The evolution of feeding motor patterns in lizards: modulatory complexity and possible constraints. Am Zool 41:1311–1320
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, Van Damme R, Vanhooydonck B, De Vree F (2001d) The implications of bite performance for diet in two species of lacertid lizards. Can J Zool 79:662–670
Article Google Scholar
- Herrel A, McBrayer LD, Larson PM (2010) Functional basis for sexual differences in bite force in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Biol J Linn Soc 91:111–119
Article Google Scholar
- Husak JF, Fox SF (2008) Sexual selection on locomotor performance. Evol Ecol Res 10:213–228
Google Scholar
- Husak JF, Lappin AK, Fox SF, Lemos-Espinal JA (2006a) Bite-force performance predicts dominance in male venerable collared lizards (Crotaphytus antiquus). Copeia 2006:301–306
Article Google Scholar
- Husak JF, Fox SF, Lovern MB, van den Bussche RA (2006b) Faster lizards sire more offspring: sexual selection on whole-animal performance. Evolution 60:2122–2130
PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Husak JF, Lappin AK, van den Bussche RA (2009) The fitness advantage of a high-performance weapon. Biol J Linn Soc 96:840–845
Article Google Scholar
- Huyghe K, Vanhooydonck B, Scheers H, Molina-Borja M, Van Damme R (2005) Morphology, performance and fighting capacity in male lizards, Gallotia galloti. Funct Ecol 19:800–807
Article Google Scholar
- Huyghe K, Herrel A, Adriaens D, Tadić Z, Van Damme R (2009) It is all in the head: morphological basis for differences in bite force among colour morphs of the Dalmatian wall lizard. Biol J Linn Soc 96:13–22
Article Google Scholar
- Irschick DJ, Herrel A, Vanhooydonck B, Van Damme R (2007) A functional approach to sexual selection. Funct Ecol 21:621–626
Article Google Scholar
- Irschick DJ, Meyers JJ, Husak JF, Le Galliard JF (2008) How does selection operate on whole-organism functional performance capacities? A review and synthesis. Evol Ecol Res 10:177–196
Google Scholar
- Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Llorente GA (2006) Patterns of shape and size sexual dimorphism in a population of Podarcis hispanica* (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from NE Iberia. In: Corti C, Lo Cascio P, Biaggini M (eds) Mainland and insular lacertid lizards: a mediterranean perspective. Firenze University Press, Firenze, pp 73–89
Google Scholar
- Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Llorente GA (2007) Multivariate and geometric morphometrics in the analysis of sexual dimorphism variation in Podarcis lizards. J Morphol 268:152–165
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Llorente GA (2008) Head shape allometry and proximate causes of head sexual dimorphism in Podarcis lizards: joining linear and geometric morphometrics. Biol J Linn Soc 93:111–124
Article Google Scholar
- Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Llorente GA (2010) Intraspecific ecomorphological variation: linear and geometric morphometrics reveal habitat-related patterns within Podarcis bocagei wall lizards. J Evol Biol 23:1234–1244
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Kaliontzopoulou A, Pinho C, Harris DJ, Carretero MA (2011) When cryptic diversity blurs the picture: a cautionary tale from Iberian and North African Podarcis wall lizards. Biol J Linn Soc 103:779–800
Article Google Scholar
- Kingsolver J, Huey RB (2003) Introduction: the evolution of morphology, performance, and fitness. Integr Comp Biol 43:361–366
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Kratochvíl L, Frynta D (2002) Body size, male combat and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in eublepharid geckos (Squamata: Eublepharidae). Biol J Linn Soc 76:303–314
Article Google Scholar
- Kratochvíl L, Fokt M, Rehák I, Frynta D (2003) Misinterpretation of character scaling: a tale of sexual dimorphism in body shape of common lizards. Can J Zool 81:1112–1117
Article Google Scholar
- Lailvaux SP, Irschick DJ (2006) A functional perspective on sexual selection: insights and future prospects. Anim Behav 72:263–273
Article Google Scholar
- Lailvaux SP, Irschick DJ (2007) The evolution of performance-based male fighting ability in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Am Nat 170:573–586
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Lappin AK, Husak JF (2005) Weapon performance, not size, determines mating success and potential reproductive output in the collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). Am Nat 166:426–436
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Lappin AK, Hamilton PS, Sullivan BK (2006) Bite-performance and head shape in a sexually dimorphic crevice-dwelling lizard, the common chuckwalla [Sauromalus ater (=obesus)]. Biol J Linn Soc 88:215–222
Article Google Scholar
- Legendre P, Legendre L (1998) Numerical ecology, 2nd English edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Google Scholar
- Ljubisavljević K, Urosević A, Aleksić I, Ivanović A (2010) Sexual dimorphism of skull shape in a lacertid lizard species (Podarcis spp., Dalmatolacerta sp., Dinarolacerta sp.) revealed by geometric morphometrics. Zoology 113:168–174
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Losos JB, Butler MA, Schoener TW (2003) Sexual dimorphism in body size and shape in relation to habitat use among species of Caribbean Anolis lizards. In: Fox SF, McCoy JK, Baird TA (eds) Lizard social behaviour. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 356–380
Google Scholar
- Maerz JC, Myers EM, Adams DC (2006) Trophic polymorphism in a terrestrial salamander. Evol Ecol Res 8:23–35
Google Scholar
- McBrayer LD (2004) The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards. Zool J Linn Soc 140:403–416
Article Google Scholar
- Measey GJ, Hopkins K, Tolley KA (2009) Morphology, ornaments and performance in two chameleon ecomorphs: is the casque bigger than the bite? Zoology 112:217–226
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Metzger KA, Herrel A (2005) Correlations between lizard cranial shape and diet: a quantitative, phylogenetically informed analysis. Biol J Linn Soc 86:433–466
Article Google Scholar
- Mosimann JE (1970) Size allometry: size and shape variables with characterizations of the lognormal and generalized gamma distributions. J Am Stat Assoc 65:930–945
Google Scholar
- Perrin N, Travis J (1992) On the use of constraints in evolutionary biology and some allergic reactions to them. Funct Ecol 6:361–363
Google Scholar
- Perry G, Pianka ER (1997) Animal foraging: past, present and future. Trends Ecol Evol 12:360–364
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Pianka ER (1973) The structure of lizard communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:53–74
Article Google Scholar
- Pinho C, Ferrand N, Harris DJ (2006) Reexamination of the Iberian and North African Podarcis (Squamata: Lacertidae) phylogeny based on increased mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 38:266–273
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Piras P, Salvi D, Ferrara G, Maiorino L, Delfino M, Pedde L, Kotsakis T (2011) The role of postnatal ontogeny in the evolution of phenotypic diversity in Podarcis lizards. J Evol Biol (in press)
- Preest MR (1994) Sexual size dimorphism and feeding energetics in Anolis carolinensis: why do females take smaller prey than males? J Herpetol 28:292–298
Article Google Scholar
- Raia P, Guarino FM, Turano M, Polese G, Rippa D, Carotenuto F, Monti DM, Cardi M, Fulgione D (2010) The blue lizard spandrel and the island syndrome. BMC Evol Biol 10:289
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Rivera G (2008) Ecomorphological variation in shell shape of the freshwater turtle Pseudemys concinna inhabiting different aquatic flow regimes. Integr Comp Biol 48:769–787
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Rohlf FJ (2005) tpsDig, digitize landmarks and outlines, version 2.04. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
Google Scholar
- Rohlf FJ (2008) tpsRelw, relative warps analysis, version 1.46. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
Google Scholar
- Rohlf FJ (2009) tpsRegr, version 1.37. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
Google Scholar
- Rohlf FJ, Marcus LF (1993) A revolution in morphometrics. Trends Ecol Evol 8:129–132
Article Google Scholar
- Rohlf FJ, Slice DE (1990) Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst Zool 39:40–59
Article Google Scholar
- Sá-Sousa P (2001) A controversa sistemática das lagartixas do género Podarcis Wagler, 1830 (Sauria, Lacertidae) em Portugal. PhD thesis, University of Lisbon, Lisbon
- Sá-Sousa P, Vicente L, Crespo EG (2002) Morphological variability of Podarcis hispanica (Sauria: Lacertidae) in Portugal. Amphib Reptilia 23:55–69
Article Google Scholar
- Schwenk K (2000) Feeding in lepidosaurs. In: Schwenk K (ed) Feeding: form, function and evolution in tetrapod vertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 175–291
Google Scholar
- Slice DE (1999) Morpheus et al.: software for morphometric research. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook
- Slice DE (2005) Modern morphometrics. In: Slice DE (ed) Modern morphometrics in physical anthropology. Kluwer, New York, pp 1–46
Chapter Google Scholar
- Stamps J (1983) Sexual selection, sexual dimorphism and territoriality. In: Huey RB, Pianka ER, Schoener TW (eds) Lizard ecology: studies of a model organism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 169–204
Google Scholar
- Stuart-Fox D, Moussalli A (2007) Sex-specific ecomorphological variation and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion spp.). J Evol Biol 20:1073–1081
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- R Development Core Team (2010) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. http://www.R-project.org
- Toro E, Herrel A, Irschich D (2004) The evolution of jumping performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards: solutions to biomechanical trade-offs. Am Nat 163:844–856
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Vanhooydonck B, Van Damme R (1999) Evolutionary relationships between body shape and habitat use in lacertid lizards. Evol Ecol Res 1:785–805
Google Scholar
- Verwaijen D, Van Damme R, Herrel A (2002) Relationships between head size, bite force, prey handling efficiency and diet in two sympatric lacertid species. Funct Ecol 16:842–850
Article Google Scholar
- Vincent SE, Herrel A (2007) Functional and ecological correlates of ecologically-based dimorphisms in squamate reptiles. Integr Comp Biol 47:172–188
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP, Zani PA, Titus TA (1997) The role of habitat shift in the evolution of lizard morphology: evidence from tropical Tropidurus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:3828–3832
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
- Wainwright PC (2007) Functional versus morphological diversity in macroevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38:381–401
Article Google Scholar
- Walker JA (2007) A general model of functional constraints on phenotypic evolution. Am Nat 170:681–689
Article PubMed Google Scholar
- Young MT, Brusatte SL, Ruta M, De Andrade MB (2010) The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometric morphometrics, analysis of disparity, and biomechanics. Zool J Linn Soc 158:801–859
Article Google Scholar