Parent-Led Exposure Therapy: A Pilot Study of a Brief Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety in Young Children (original) (raw)

References

• Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
  Google Scholar
• Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009). Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32, 483–524. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Bouton, M. (2004). Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Learning and Memory, 11, 485–494. doi:10.1101/lm.78804.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Bufferd, S. J., Dougherty, L. R., Carlson, G. A., Rose, S., & Klein, D. N. (2012). Psychiatric disorders in preschoolers: Continuity from ages 3 to 6. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 1157–1164. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020268.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNally, D., Field, A. P., Rust, S., Laskey, B., & Dixon, C., et al. (2011). A new parenting-based group intervention for young anxious children: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 242–251. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.015.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Chu, B. C., Skriner, L. C., & Zandberg, L. J. (2013). Shape of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: Symptom trajectory and predictors of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 573–587. doi:10.1037/a0033390.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Comer, J. S., Puliafico, A. C., Aschenbrand, S. G., McKnight, K., Robin, J. A., Goldfine, M. E., & Albano, M. (2012). A pilot feasibility evaluation of the CALM program for anxiety disorders in early childhood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 40–49. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.011.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Costello, E. J., Egger, H. L., Copeland, W., Erkanli, A., & Angold, A. (2011). The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity. In W. K. Silverman, & A. P. Field (Eds.), Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Research, assessment and intervention (pp. 56–75). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  Chapter Google Scholar
• Davis, III, T. E., May, A. C., & Whiting, S. E. (2011). Evidence-based treatment of anxiety and phobia in children and adolescents: current status and effects on the emotional response. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 592–602. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.001.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Davis, III, T. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2005). Empirically supported treatments for specific phobia in children: Do efficacious treatments address the components of a phobic response? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 144–160. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpi018.
  Google Scholar
• Egger, H. L., & Angold A. (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 313–337
• Ezpeleta, L., Keeler, G., Alaatin, E., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2001). Epidemiology of psychiatric disability in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 901–914. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00786.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Flavell, J. H., Miller, P. H., & Miller, S. A. (2001). Cognitive development (4th ed.). New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
  Google Scholar
• Freeman, J. B., Garcia, A. M., Coyne, L., Ale, C., Przeworski, A., Himle, M., Compton, S., & Leonard, H. L. (2008). Early childhood OCD: Preliminary findings from a family-based cognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 593–602. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816765f9.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Freeman, J. B., Sapyta, J., Garcia, A., Compton, S., Khanna, M., & Flessner, C., et al. (2014). Family-based treatment of early childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. The pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder treatment study for young children (POTS Jr)-A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 689–698. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.170.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Ginsburg, G. S., Keeton, C. P., Drazdowski, T. K., & Riddle, M. A. (2011). The utility of clinicians ratings of anxiety using the pediatric anxiety rating scale (PARS). Child and Youth Care Forum, 40, 93–105. doi:10.1007/s10566-010-9125-3.
  Article Google Scholar
• Guy, W. (1976). Clinical global impressions. In: ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised. (pp. 218–222). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
• Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., & Biederman, J. (2002). Rationale and principles for early intervention with young children at risk for anxiety disorders. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5, 161–172. doi:10.1023/A:1019687531040.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Masek, B., Henin, A., Blakely, L. R., Pollock-Wurman, R. A., & McQuade, J., et al. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for 4- to 7-year-old children with anxiety disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 498–510. doi:10.1037/a0019055.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Horwitz, S. M., Hoagwood, K., Stiffman, A. R., Summerfeld, T., Weisz, J. R., & Costello, J., et al. (2001). Reliability of the services assessment for children and adolescents. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1088–1094. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.8.1088.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Johnco, C. J., Salloum, A., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2015). Refining clinical judgment of treatment response and symptom remission identification in childhood anxiety using a signal detection analysis on the pediatric anxiety rating scale. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 25, 674–683. doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0102.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Karevold, E., Roysamb, E., Ystrom, E., & Mathiesen, K. S. (2009). Predictors and pathways from infancy to symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1051–1060. doi:10.1037/a0016123.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Labouliere, C. D., Arnold, E. A., Storch, E. A., & Lewin, A. B. (2014). Family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for a preschooler with obsessive compulsive disorder. Clinical Case Studies, 13, 37–51. doi:10.1177/1534650113504985.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Woolston, J., Bar-Haim, Y., Calvocoressi, L., Dauser, C., & Warnick, E., et al. (2013). Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 47–54. doi:10.1002/da.21998.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Leitenberg, H., & Callahan, E. J. (1973). Reinforced practice and reduction of different kinds of fears in adults and children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 19–30. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(73)90065-X.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Lewin, A. B., McGuire, J. F., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2014). Editorial perspective: The importance of considering parent’s preferences when planning treatment for their children - The case of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 1314–1316. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12344.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Lewin, A. B., Park, J. M., Jones, A. M., Crawford, E. A., DeNadai, A. S., & Menzel, J., et al. (2014). Family-based exposure and response prevention therapy for preschool-aged children with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 56, 30–38. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.02.001.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• May, A. C., Rudy, B. M., Davis, T. E., & Matson, J. L. (2012). Evidence-based behavioral treatment of dog phobia with young children: Two case examples. Behavior Modification, 37, 143–160. doi:10.1177/0145445512458524.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Minde, K., Roy, J., Bezonsky, R., & Hashemi, A. (2010). The effectiveness of CBT in 3-7 year old anxious children: Preliminary data. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 109–115.
  PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Monga, S., Rosenbloom, B. N., Tanha, A., Owens, M., & Young, A. (2015). Comparison of child-parent and parent-only cognitive-behavioral therapy programs for anxious children aged 5 to 7 years: Short- and long-term outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 138–146. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.008.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Monga, S., Young, A., & Owens, M. (2009). Evaluating a cognitive behavioral therapy group program for anxious five to seven year old children: A pilot study. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 243–250. doi:10.1002/da.20551.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Myers, K., & Davis, M. (2002). Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron, 36, 567–584. doi:10.1101/lm.119806.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• National Institute of Mental Health. (1985). Clinical global impressions. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 839–843.
  Google Scholar
• Ollendick, T. H., Halldorsdottir, T., Fraire, M. G., Austin, K. E., Noguchi, R. J., & Lewis, K. M., et al. (2015). Specific phobias in youth: A randomized controlled trial comparing one-session treatment to a parent-augmented one-session treatment. Behavior Therapy, 46, 141–155. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.004.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Rapee, R. M., Kennedy, S. J., Ingram, M., Edwards, S. L., & Sweeney, L. (2010). Altering the trajectory of anxiety in at-risk young children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1518–1525. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09111619.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• RUPP (Research Units of Pediatric Psychopharmacology) Group. (2002). The pediatric anxiety rating scale: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1061–1069.
  Article Google Scholar
• Settipani, C. A., O’Neil, K. A., Podell, J. L., Beidas, R. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2013). Youth anxiety and parent factors over time: Directionality of change among youth treated for anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(1), 9–21. doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.719459.
  Article Google Scholar
• Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-child and parent versions. San Antonio, TX: Graywinds Publications, A division of the Psychological Corporation.
  Google Scholar
• Storch, E. A., Zavrou, S., Collier, A. B., Ung, D., Arnold, E. B., Mutch, P. J., Lewin, A. B., & Murphy, T. K. (2015). Preliminary study of family accommodation in youth with autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: Incidence, clinical correlates, and behavioral treatment response. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.06.007
• Towe-Goodman, N. R., Franz, L., Copeland, W., Angold, A., & Egger, H. (2014). Perceived family impact of preschool anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 437–446. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.017.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• van der Sluis, C. M., van der Bruggen, C. O., Brechman-Toussaint, M. L., Thissen, M. A. P., & Bogels, S. M. (2012). Parent-directed cognitive behavioral therapy for young anxious children: A pilot study. Behavior Therapy, 43, 583–592. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.10.002.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., & Piacentini, J., et al. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2753–2766. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804633.
  Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Download references